须蚁属
外观
须蚁属 | |
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Pogonomyrmex barbatus worker | |
科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
纲: | 昆虫纲 Insecta |
目: | 膜翅目 Hymenoptera |
科: | 蟻科 Formicidae |
亚科: | 家蟻亞科 Myrmicinae |
族: | 须蚁族 Pogonomyrmecini |
属: | 须蚁属 Pogonomyrmex Mayr, 1868 |
模式種 | |
栗红须蚁 Pogonomyrmex badius Latreille, 1802
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多样性[1] | |
69种 | |
異名 | |
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须蚁属(学名:Pogonomyrmex)台译毛收割家蚁属,主要分布在北美洲、中美洲和南美洲的沙漠中,其中蚁种为海地的特有种。
描述
[编辑]“Pogonomyrmex”是由“pogono-”和“myrmex”两个词组成的,前者译为“有胡须的”,后者则为“蚂蚁”的意思,即译为“长了胡子的蚂蚁”。胡须是为了在搬运种子时能更好地固定住种子,避免球形的种子滑动而进化出来的。
毒液
[编辑]Pogonomyrmex工蚁的毒液是所有昆虫中毒性最强的,而其中的马里科帕须蚁(Pogonomyrmex maricopa)又是迄今为止检测出毒性最强的。[2] LD50仅为 0.12毫克/千克,而西方蜜蜂的毒液为 2.8mg/kg,与眼镜蛇毒液相当。这种毒液被认为是一种反脊椎动物的防御手段,特别是针对那些进化出选择性以它们为食的捕食者,比如角蜥属的物种。很少有昆虫的毒液毒性经过正式测试,而其他昆虫的毒液可能更强效。
巢穴
[编辑]该属蚂蚁的巢穴位于很深的地方,其中有许多巢室,它们在里面保存种子,从中为幼虫获取食物。大多数须蚁巢穴周围区域往往完全没有植被,从远处就很容易看到。
狩猎
[编辑]除了角蜥之外,Clypeadon属的蜂类会捕食须蚁,但它们只以Pogonomyrmex的工蚁为食,它们用毒液使工蜂麻痹,然后将它们带回洞穴,作为黄蜂幼虫的食物。
物种
[编辑]截至 2014年,该属现存物种有 69种,1种化石物种。
- Pogonomyrmex abdominalis Santschi, 1929
- Pogonomyrmex andinus Kusnezov, 1951
- 寄生须蚁 Pogonomyrmex anergismus' Cole, 1954
- Pogonomyrmex angustus Mayr, 1870
- 安沙须蚁 Pogonomyrmex anzensis Cole, 1968
- 阿帕奇须蚁 Pogonomyrmex apache Wheeler, 1902
- Pogonomyrmex atratus Santschi, 1922
- Pogonomyrmex badius (Latreille, 1802)
- Pogonomyrmex barbatus (Smith, 1858)
- 双色须蚁 Pogonomyrmex bicolor Cole, 1968
- 大弯须蚁 Pogonomyrmex bigbendensis Francke & Merickel, 1982
- Pogonomyrmex bispinosus (Spinola, 1851)
- Pogonomyrmex brevibarbis Emery, 1906
- Pogonomyrmex brevispinosus Cole, 1968
- Pogonomyrmex bruchi Forel, 1913
- 加州须蚁 Pogonomyrmex californicus (Buckley, 1866)
- Pogonomyrmex carbonarius Mayr, 1868
- Pogonomyrmex catanlilensis Gallardo, 1931
- Pogonomyrmex coarctatus Mayr, 1868
- Pogonomyrmex colei Snelling, 1982
- Pogonomyrmex comanche Wheeler, 1902
- Pogonomyrmex cunicularius Mayr, 1887
- Pogonomyrmex desertorum Wheeler, 1902
- †化石须蚁 Pogonomyrmex fossilis Carpenter, 1930
- Pogonomyrmex guatemaltecus Wheeler, 1914
- Pogonomyrmex hoelldobleri Johnson, Overson & Moreau, 2013[3]
- Pogonomyrmex huachucanus Wheeler, 1914
- Pogonomyrmex humerotumidus Vásquez-Bolaños & Mackay, 2004
- Pogonomyrmex imberbiculus Wheeler, 1902
- Pogonomyrmex inermis Forel, 1914
- Pogonomyrmex kusnezovi Cuezzo & Claver, 2009[4]
- Pogonomyrmex laevigatus Santschi, 1921
- Pogonomyrmex laevinodis Snelling, 1982
- Pogonomyrmex laticeps Santschi, 1922
- Pogonomyrmex lobatus Santschi, 1921
- Pogonomyrmex longibarbis Gallardo, 1931
- Pogonomyrmex magnacanthus Cole, 1968
- Pogonomyrmex marcusi Kusnezov, 1951
- 马里科帕须蚁 Pogonomyrmex maricopa Wheeler, 1914
- Pogonomyrmex mayri Forel, 1899
- Pogonomyrmex mendozanus Cuezzo & Claver, 2009[4]
- Pogonomyrmex meridionalis Kusnezov, 1951
- Pogonomyrmex micans Forel, 1914
- Pogonomyrmex mohavensis Johnson & Overson, 2009[5]
- Pogonomyrmex montanus MacKay, 1980
- Pogonomyrmex naegelii Emery, 1878
- Pogonomyrmex occidentalis (Cresson, 1865)
- Pogonomyrmex odoratus Kusnezov, 1949
- Pogonomyrmex pima Wheeler, 1909
- Pogonomyrmex pronotalis Santschi, 1922
- Pogonomyrmex rastratus Mayr, 1868
- Pogonomyrmex rugosus Emery, 1895
- Pogonomyrmex salinus Olsen, 1934
- Pogonomyrmex saucius Wheeler & Mann, 1914
- Pogonomyrmex schmitti Forel, 1901
- Pogonomyrmex snellingi Taber, 1998
- Pogonomyrmex stefani Lattke, 2006[6]
- Pogonomyrmex striatinodus Fernández & Palacio, 1998
- Pogonomyrmex subdentatus Mayr, 1870
- Pogonomyrmex subnitidus Emery, 1895
- Pogonomyrmex sylvestris Lattke, 1991
- Pogonomyrmex tenuipubens Santschi, 1936
- Pogonomyrmex tenuispinus Forel, 1914
- 德州须蚁 Pogonomyrmex texanus Francke & Merickel, 1982
- Pogonomyrmex theresiae Forel, 1899
- Pogonomyrmex uruguayensis Mayr, 1887
- Pogonomyrmex variabilis Santschi, 1916
- Pogonomyrmex vermiculatus Emery, 1906
- Pogonomyrmex wheeleri Olsen, 1934
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加州须蚁 P. californicus
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红胡须蚁 P. barbatus
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正在收集食物
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红胡须蚁 P. barbatus 的幼虫
参考
[编辑]- ^ Bolton, B. Pogonomyrmex. AntCat. 2014 [23 July 2014].
- ^ W. L. Meyer. Chapter 23 — Most Toxic Insect Venom. Book of Insect Records. University of Florida. 1996-05-01. (原始内容存档于2008-06-13).
- ^ Johnson, R. A., et al. (2013). A new species of seed-harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex hoelldobleri (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), from the Mohave and Sonoran Deserts of North America.[永久失效連結] Zootaxa 3646(3), 201-27.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Cuezzo, F. and S. Claver. (2009). Two new species of the ant genus Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Argentina. Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent 68(1-2), 97-106.
- ^ Johnson, R. A. and R. P. Overson. (2009). A new North american species of Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Mohave Desert of eastern California and western Nevada. Journal of Hymenptera Research 18(2), 305-14.
- ^ Lattke, J. E. (2006). A new species of Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from gallery forests of the Orinoco Watershed, Venezuela.[永久失效連結] Myrmecologische Nachrichten 8, 53-57.
外部链接
[编辑]- 维基共享资源上的相關多媒體資源:Pogonomyrmex