茶堡话
茶堡话[kɯrɯskɤt]（藏语：ja phug）是嘉绒语的一个方言，分布在马尔康县茶堡区的龙尔甲（gdong brgyad）[ʁdɯrɟɤt]、沙尔宗（gsar rdzong）[sarndzu]和大藏（da tshang）[tatsʰi]三个乡。 茶堡[tɕɤpʰɯ]在茶堡話區域裡指沙爾宗以及大藏，而龍爾甲也稱作[sɤŋo](Jacques 2004)；講四土話的人蓋以茶堡稱這區域。
語音系統
茶堡話是唯一無聲調對立的嘉戎語
子音
| 雙唇 | 齒音 | 舌下 | 齦顎 | 硬顎 | 軟顎 | 小舌 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 塞音 | p | pʰ | b | mb | t | tʰ | d | nd | c | cʰ | ɟ | ɲɟ | k | kʰ | g | ŋg | q | qʰ | ɴɢ | |||||||||
| 鼻音 | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 擦音 | s | z | ʂ | ɕ | ʑ | x | ɣ | χ | ʁ | |||||||||||||||||||
| 塞擦音 | ts | tsʰ | dz | ndz | tʂ | tʂʰ | dʐ | ndʐ | tɕ | tɕʰ | dʑ | ndʑ | ||||||||||||||||
| 日音 | r | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 邊音 | ɬ | l | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 半母音 | w | j | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
动词变位
茶堡话及物动词mto“看”的基本形态变化（Jacques 2004:521，向柏霖2008）
1sg 1du 1pl 2sg 2du 2pl 3sg 3du 3pl ta-mto ta-mto-ndʑi ta-mto-nɯ mtám-a mtám-a-ndʑi mtám-a-nɯ 1sg = = = mto-tɕi = = 1du = = = mto-i = = 1pl kɯ-mto-a kɯ-mto-tɕi kɯ-mto-i tɯ-mtɤm = = 2sg kɯ-mto-a-ndʑi = = tɯ-mto-ndʑi = = 2du kɯ-mto-a-nɯ = = tɯ-mto-nɯ = = 2pl ɣɯ-mto-a ɣɯ-mto-tɕi ɣɯ-mto-i tɯ́-wɣ-mto tɯ́-wɣ-mto-tɕi tɯ́-wɣ-mto-nɯ mtɤm / ɣɯ-mto (ɣɯ-mto-ndʑi) (ɣɯ-mto-nɯ) 3sg ɣɯ-mto-a-ndʑi = = = = = mto-ndʑi / ɣɯ-mto = = 3du ɣɯ-mto-a-nɯ = = = = = mto-nɯ / ɣɯ-mto} = = 3pl
参考目录
- Jacques, Guillaume, 2004, Phonologie et morphologie du Japhug (rGyalrong), thèse de doctorat, Université Paris VII.
- Jacques, Guillaume, 2007, La réduplication partielle en japhug, révélatrice des structures syllabiques, Faits de langues 29:9-21.
- Jacques, Guillaume, Chen Zhen 陈珍, 2007, « 茶堡话的不及物前缀及相关问题 » [Le suffixe intransitif du japhug et autres problèmes apparentés], Language and Linguistics, 8.4:883-912.
- Jacques, Guillaume, 向柏霖, 2008, 《嘉绒语研究》[A study on the rGyalrong language], Pékin, Minzu chubanshe.
- Jacques, Guillaume. The inverse in Japhug Rgyalrong. Language and Linguistics. 2010, 11 (1): 127–157.
- Jacques, Guillaume. From Denominal Derivation to Incorporation. Lingua. 2012, 122 (11): 1027–1231. doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2012.05.010.
- Jacques, Guillaume 向柏霖 2012. Argument demotion in Japhug Rgyalrong in Gilles Authier, Katharina Haude (eds) Ergativity, Valency and Voice. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, pp.199-225. 2012
- Jacques, Guillaume. Applicative and tropative derivations in Japhug Rgyalrong. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area. 2013, 36.2: 1–13.
- Jacques, Guillaume. Harmonization and disharmonization of affix ordering and basic word order. Linguistic Typology. 2013, 17 (2): 187–215. doi:10.1515/lity-2013-0009.
- Jacques, Guillaume. Denominal affixes as sources of antipassive markers in Japhug Rgyalrong. Lingua. 2014, 138: 1–22. doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2013.09.011.
- Jacques, Guillaume. Clause linking in Japhug. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area. 2014, 37.2: 264–328.
- Jacques, Guillaume. The spontaneous-autobenefactive prefix in Japhug Rgyalrong. Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area. 2015, 38 (2): 271–291.
- Jacques, Guillaume. The origin of the causative prefix in Rgyalrong languages and its implication for proto-Sino-Tibetan reconstruction. Folia Linguistica Historica. 2015, 36 (1): 165–198.
- Jacques, Guillaume. Subjects, objects and relativization in Japhug. Journal of Chinese Linguistics. 2016, 44 (1): 1–28.
- Jacques, Guillaume. From ergative to index of comparison: multiple reanalyses and polyfunctionality. Diachronica. 2016, 33 (1): 1–30.
- Jacques, Guillaume, Chen Zhen 陈珍, 2010. Une version Rgyalrong de l'épopée de Gesar. Osaka : National Museum of Ethnology.
- Lin Youjing, Luoerwu 2003, « 茶堡嘉戎语大藏话的趋向前缀与动词词干的变化 », 民族語文, 2003.4.
外部链接
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