雨季
| 天气條目系列之一 |
| 天气 |
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 氣象主题 |
雨季，指在降水量有顯著季節差異的地區，年降水量主要發生的月份，通常持續一個或多個月[1] 。擁有雨季的地區分佈在熱帶和亞熱帶[2]。
根據柯本氣候分類法，對於熱帶氣候，雨季定義為平均降水量60毫米以上的月份[3]。不同的氣候類型，雨季也不盡相同。以北半球為例：東亞季風區的雨季主要為夏季；南亞季風區的雨季大約在6月～11月；熱帶莽原氣候的雨季為夏季；地中海型氣候的雨季為冬季。擁有旱季和雨季也是季風雨林的特色，熱帶雨林的降雨量則是在全年平均分佈[4]。一些有顯著雨季的地區，當熱帶輻合帶或季風槽移動到較高緯度時，雨季的降雨會中斷[5]。
若雨季在夏季發生，降水主要在下午和傍晚。雨季時，空氣污染改善，淡水水質提高，植被大幅度增長。但同時也會使土壤養分減少，侵蝕增加。特別在熱帶地區，夏季的雨季會使瘧疾發病率增加[6] 。一些動物在雨季會有適應和生存策略。 另外，前一個旱季也通常導致雨季的糧食短缺，因為作物尚未成熟。
受影響的地區
撒哈拉以南非洲的熱帶莽原氣候區，包括加納、布基納法索[7][8] 、南蘇丹[9]、厄立特里亞[10]、埃塞俄比亞[11]和博茨瓦納都有一個明顯的雨季[12] 。佛羅里達州和德克薩斯州南部的熱帶莽原氣候區也有一個雨季[13]。季風氣候區包括印度次大陸、東南亞（包括印度尼西亞和菲律賓）[14]、澳大利亞北部[15]、波利尼西亞[16]、中美洲[17]、墨西哥西部和南部[18]、美國西南部的沙漠[19]、圭亞那南部[20]和巴西東北部[21]等。
圭亞那北部有兩個雨季：一個在早春，另一個在初冬[20]。 在西非，南部有兩個雨季，但北部只有一個[22]。 在地中海氣候區，包括美國西海岸，意大利、希臘的地中海海岸線[23]和土耳其的雨季都是在冬季[24]。同樣，以色列內蓋夫沙漠的雨季是從十月延續至五月[25] 。 在地中海氣候區和季風氣候區之間的邊界，索諾蘭沙漠共同擁有這兩個氣候類型的兩個雨季[26]。
參見
參考資料
- ^ Glossary of Meteorology (2013). Rainy season. 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2009-02-15. American Meteorological Society. Retrieved on 2008-12-27.
- ^ Michael Pidwirny (2008). CHAPTER 9: Introduction to the Biosphere. PhysicalGeography.net. Retrieved on 2008-12-27.
- ^ Updated world Köppen-Geiger climate classification map (PDF).
- ^ Elisabeth M. Benders-Hyde (2003). World Climates. Blue Planet Biomes. Retrieved on 2008-12-27.
- ^ J. S. 0guntoyinbo and F. 0. Akintola (1983). Rainstorm characteristics affecting water availability for agriculture. 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2009-02-05. IAHS Publication Number 140. Retrieved on 2008-12-27.
- ^ Malaria Fact Sheet. The World Health Organization. April 2016 [2016-04-24].
- ^ Patrick Laux et al. (2008): Predicting the regional onset of the rainy season in West Africa. International Journal of Climatology, 28 (3), 329–342.
- ^ Patrick Laux et al. (2009): Modelling daily precipitation features in the Volta Basin of West Africa. International Journal of Climatology, 29 (7), 937–954.,
- ^ David Vandervort (2009). Darfur: getting ready for the rainy season. International Committee of the Red Cross. Retrieved on 2009-02-06.
- ^ Mehari Tesfazgi Mebrhatu, M. Tsubo, and Sue Walker (2004). A Statistical Model for Seasonal Rainfall Forecasting over the Highlands of Eritrea. New directions for a diverse planet: Proceedings of the 4th International Crop Science Congress. Retrieved on 2009-02-08.
- ^ Alex Wynter (2009). Ethiopia: March rainy season "critical" for southern pastoralists. Thomson Reuters Foundation. Retrieved on 2009-02-06.
- ^ The Voice (2009). Botswana: Rainy Season Fills Up Dams. allAfrica.com. Retrieved on 2009-02-06.
- ^ Randy Lascody (2008). The Florida Rain Machine. National Weather Service. Retrieved on 2009-02-06.
- ^ OCHA Partnership for Humanity (2008). OCHA Field Situation Report: Indonesia – Rainy Season 1 December 2008. 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期18 February 2009[日期不符]. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Retrieved on 2009-02-06.
- ^ Burarra Gathering (2006). Burarra Gathering. Archived 2012-03-21 at WebCite Burarra Gathering. Retrieved on 2009-02-06.
- ^ Tahiti Sun Travel Network (2007). About Bora Bora Island. Retrieved on 2009-02-06.
- ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (2006). 2.4 Analysis & Forecasting "Thumb Rules" for the Rainy Season. United States Navy. Retrieved on 2009-02-06.
- ^ Remote Sensing for Migratory Creatures (2002). Phenology and Creature Migration: Dry season and wet season in West Mexico. 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2009-02-19. Arizona Remote Sensing Center. Retrieved on 2009-02-06.
- ^ J. Horel (2006). Normal Monthly Precipitation, Inches. 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2006-11-13. University of Utah. Retrieved on 2008-03-19.
- ^ 20.0 20.1 Horace Burton (2006). The climate of Guyana. 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2009-01-24. Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology. The Outfield, August 2006, pp. 3. Retrieved on 2009-02-08.
- ^ James Brian Elsner (1988). Analysis of Wet Season Rainfall Over the Nordeste of Brazil, South America. University Of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Retrieved on 2009-02-06.
- ^ C. H. Mari, G. Cailley, L. Corre, M. Saunois, J. L. Attie, V. Thouret, and A. Stohl (2007). Biomass burning plumes during the AMMA wet season experiment. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, pp. 17342. Retrieved on 2009-02-06.
- ^ Greek Embassy London (2008). Welcome to Greece. Government of Greece. Retrieved on 2009-02-06.
- ^ D. Bozkurt, O.L. Sen and M. Karaca (2008). Wet season evaluation of RegCM3 performance for Eastern Mediterranean. EGU General Assembly. Retrieved on 2009-02-06.
- ^ Ron Kahana; Baruch Ziv; Yehouda Enzel & Uri Dayan. Synoptic Climatology of Major Floods in the Negev Desert, Israel (PDF). International Journal of Climatology. 2002, 22: 869. Bibcode:2002IJCli..22..867K. doi:10.1002/joc.766. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-19）.
- ^ Michael J. Plagens (2009). What and Where is the Sonoran Desert? Arizonensis. Retrieved on 2009-02-07.
