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快捷键

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维基百科，自由的百科全书

这是本页的一个历史版本，由Liu116（留言 | 贡献）在2019年11月26日 (二) 02:44 （→top）编辑。这可能和当前版本存在着巨大的差异。

  关于维基百科的键盘快捷键，参见“Wikipedia:鍵盤快捷键”。

快捷键，又称为快速键、组合键或热键，指通过某些特定的按键、按键顺序或按键组合来完成一个操作，很多快捷键往往与如Ctrl键、Shift键、Alt键、Fn键以及Windows平台下的Win键和Mac机上的Cmd鍵（曾有Meta键（英语：Meta key））等配合使用。各种控件上一般可以通过Alt组合键访问的的访问键。快捷键的有效范围不一定相同，比如：系统级快捷键可以全局响应，不论当前焦点在哪里、运行什么程序，按下时都能起作用；而应用程序级热键只能在当前活动的程序中起作用，当应用程序热键的定义程序不活动或在后台运行时，热键就无效了；控件级的热键则仅在当前控件中起作用。

有专门用于设置热键的工具软件，此类工具需要在后台一直运行，否则通过这各种程序定义的快捷键会失效。通过修改键盘按键映射的软件则不属于此类。

通常Windows平台下应用程序级的快捷键有几个是通用的，如Ctrl+Z常用于撤消操作。这种快捷键在菜单项的右侧或是控件的提示框中往往会注明。

访问键

为了提高效率或为不便操作鼠标的人提供访问途径，菜单等控件项目上往往带有用下划线标注的访问键（Access key）。这种访问键在西文中直接表现为带下划线的字母，而在中文字符界面中，由于键盘上没有直接对应字符，需要再添加键盘上存在的西文字符（如果是字母，则一律转为大写）来获取访问键。通常的做法是将访问键用半角括号括住，放在最后。例如英文中的File　菜单项（内部表示为&File），用中文表示为文件（F）（内部表示为文件（&F））。并且只对当前级别的菜单或控件有效。假若File1菜单下的还有一个File2菜单项，那么打开第一层File1之后，再按下Alt-F就是访问第二层的File2而不是 File1。

通用快捷鍵

如下表所列，但KDE的快捷鍵可以變更。

動作 Windows Mac OS KDE / GNOME Emacs
啓動當前應用程式的選單列 Template:Key press/core 當開啓「鍵盤操控」時[1][2]

Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core （在一些鍵盤上按下Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core）

在KDE中：Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core
「檔案」選單 Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core，然後Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core，然後Template:Key press/core
「編輯」選單 Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core，然後Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core，然後Template:Key press/core
「檢視」選單 Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core，然後Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core
「復原」上次操作 Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core，然後Template:Key press/core

或Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core
或Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core
或Template:Key press/core

取消「復原」上次操作 Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core 當「復原」用完後，自動變成取消「復原」。「復原」之後移動遊標後，也會變成取消「復原」。
「剪下」選定區域到剪貼板 Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core或Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core
「複製」選定區域到剪貼板 Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core或Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core或Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core
從剪貼板「貼上」到游標處 Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core或Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core或Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core, or
特殊貼上 Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core
全選 Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core, then Template:Key press/core
切換輸入語言 Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core

配置所需“鍵盤和滑鼠偏好設定”的按鍵，“鍵盤快捷鍵”，“選擇下一個輸入來源選單”[3]。

Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core via KDE Keyboard

Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core in GNOME

Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core

導覽

動作 Windows Mac OS KDE/GNOME
執行新的應用程式 Template:Key press/core或Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core後輸入命令 Template:Key press/core後輸入程式名
打開與當前頁面相同的新瀏覽器視窗 Template:Key press/core+(Template:Key press/core then Template:Key press/core )
開新資料夾 Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core
打開應用程式功能表 Template:Key press/core或Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core + Template:Key press/core

e.g. for _File_ Template:Key press/core + Template:Key press/core

鎖定桌面 Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core[4] Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core
顯示桌面 Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core or
Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core (then use Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core to bring back all windows)
用戶登出 Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core
切換活躍用戶 Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core[5]
任務管理員 Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core, Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core[6]
重新命名 Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core
打開文件或程序 Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core
切換到下一個/上一個視窗 Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core或Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core或Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core
切換到下一個/上一個視窗（沒有對話框） Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core或Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core
開啓執行對話框 Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core
開啓搜索對話框 Template:Key press/core後輸入命令，或Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core
在“開始”選單“搜索程序和文件”中
變更輸入取向 		Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core（left）Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core（right）Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core（center） N/A

電源管理

Action Windows Mac OS KDE / GNOME
使电脑进入待机模式 Template:Key press/core（在某些键盘上可以使用，可以在电源管理对话框中进行设置） Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core[2] Template:Key press/core（某些键盘可以使用，可配置）
关闭电脑 Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core 输入："shutdown -s -t 时间(单位:秒)" Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core

（no confirmation, shutdown is immediate）

Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core

（KDE;没有确认信息，立即关机）

重新启动电脑 Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core 输入："shutdown -r -t 时间(单位:秒)" Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core[2]

（没有确认信息，立即关机）

Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core

（KDE;没有确认信息，立即关机）

令显示器进入休眠模式 Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core
打开电源管理对话框 Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core（只有当焦点在桌面或任务栏时） Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core

屏幕截圖

动作 Windows Mac OS KDE / GNOME
将全屏截图保存为文件 Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core 填写文件名并点击“保存” GNOME Shell [7]
将全屏截图复制到剪贴板 Template:Key press/core or Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core 点击“复制到剪贴板” GNOME Shell [7]
将窗口截图保存为文件 Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core then Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core 填写文件名并点击“保存” GNOME [7]
将窗口截图复制到剪贴板 Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core then Template:Key press/core Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core 点击“复制到剪贴板” GNOME [7]
将任意区域的屏幕截图复制到剪贴板 Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core
将任意区域的屏幕截图保存为文件 Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core
屏幕录制 Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core+Template:Key press/core

[8] [9]

热键冲突

一个热键一般只能对应一个功能，如果两个不同的功能定义了同一个热键，并且热键都启用了，则会发生热键冲突，导致热键失效。这种情况一般发生在两个系统热键之间，或是一个系统热键和一个应用程序的热键之间。如果是同级菜单项的访问键，则会在访问键相同的项目之间来回跳转。

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ Mac OS X: How to use the keyboard to perform actions. Article: HT2840. Apple Inc. 2008-08-19 [2010-11-03]. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Mac OS X keyboard shortcuts. Article: HT1343. Apple Inc. 2010-10-29 [2010-11-03]. 
  3. ^ Mac 101: Set your preferences. Article: HT2490. Apple Inc. 2010-10-22 [2010-11-03]. 
  4. ^ 10 Cool Windows Shortcuts You Need to Know
  5. ^ Takes you to the "Switch User" screen when Fast User Switching has been enabled (enabled by default in XP).
  6. ^ Shows task manager in Windows XP if the welcome screen is enabled. Otherwise displays an NT-style menu, with the option of launching the task manager; likewise for Vista.
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Taking Screenshots. User Guide 2.32. The GNOME Project. [24 March 2012]. （原始内容存档于2012年6月9日）. 
  8. ^ Cheat Sheet. https://live.gnome.org/GnomeShell/CheatSheet. The GNOME Project. [24 March 2012].  外部链接存在于|work= (帮助)
  9. ^ Screen Shot Record. GNOME Help Guide. The GNOME Project. [24 March 2012]. 
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