User:Waylon1104/小説

本页使用了标题或全文手工转换
维基百科，自由的百科全书

《暮光之城系列》
作者史蒂芬妮·梅爾
类型浪漫奇幻、青年小說
语言英語
發行信息
出版机构利特爾布朗公司（英语：Little, Brown and Company）
出版時間
  • 2005年－2020年
出版地點美國
媒介出版
数量4本正傳、2本改寫、1本外傳
系列作品

《暮光之城》（英語：Twilight）是美國作家史蒂芬妮·梅爾出版4本正傳和3本外傳組成的浪漫奇幻小說系列，其中4本正傳於2005年至2008年出版。正傳講述從亞利桑那州鳳凰城搬到華盛頓州福克斯的青少女貝拉·史旺和活了104年的吸血鬼愛德華·庫倫的愛情故事。該系列主要以貝拉為視角，第三部《蝕》的尾聲和第四部《破曉》的第二部分則以狼人雅各·佈雷克（英语：Jacob Black）為視角。梅爾於2010年出版了中篇小說《布莉的重生》，講述了一名在蝕曾出現過的新生吸血鬼的故事。擁有近百張全彩圖像和權威的故事來源的《官方圖解指南（英语：The Twilight Saga: The Official Illustrated Guide）》於2011年出版。在2015年，梅爾為了紀念該小說上市的10週年，出版了系列第一本小說的性轉版《生與死》，並更改了故事的結局。2020年，梅爾出版了與系列第一步小說相同內容，但視角更改為愛德華的《午夜陽光》。

自2005年系列第一部小說出版而來，該系列在全球獲得巨大的人氣和商業成功，其受眾主要為青少年。該系列贏得數個獎項，包含2008年的英國圖書獎與2009年的兒童選擇獎。

截至2022年10月，該系列被翻譯成49種語言，全球總銷量達到1.6億冊，為史上第16暢銷的書籍系列。系列正傳的四本小說連續刷新2008年《今日美國》暢銷書榜的紀錄，在《紐約時報》暢銷書榜上停留超過235週。

這一系列已被顶峰娱乐改編成了系列電影，前三集分別上映於2008年、2009年和2010年，最後一集分成兩部電影，分別於2011年和2012年上映。該系列共五部電影以共約4億美元的預算，取得約33.5億美元的出色成績。

《暮光之城系列》[编辑]

《暮光之城：暮色》[编辑]

主条目：暮光之城：暮色

父母離異的青少女貝拉·史旺從母親位於鳳凰城的家中搬到父親位於福克斯的家，並在當地就讀高中。[1] 在被庫倫一家的美貌驚艷到後，貝拉對愛德華莫名的敵意感到不解。[2] 在愛德華主動示好後，兩人成為好朋友。在一趟前往拉布席的旅程中，貝拉從雅各·佈雷克口中得知庫倫一家為吸血鬼，但不喝人血，並得到愛德華的證實。[3] 在表白後，愛德華帶貝拉前去庫倫之家。[4] 在一場棒球比賽中，三名流浪吸血鬼意外前來，其中的追蹤客詹姆斯對貝拉的血液感到著迷。[5] 庫倫家族為貝拉抵禦詹姆斯的狩獵，但因詹姆斯製造出她母親被綁架的假象，她獨自一人前往見面。[6] 她被詹姆斯打到重傷，但愛德華即時抵達並救了她。[7]

《新月》[编辑]

主条目：暮光之城：新月

Edward and his family leave Forks because he believes he is endangering Bella's life. Bella goes into a depression until she develops a strong friendship with Jacob Black, who she discovers can shape-shift into a wolf. Jacob and the other wolves in his tribe must protect her from Victoria, a vampire seeking to avenge the death of her mate James. Due to a misunderstanding, Edward believes Bella is dead. Edward decides to commit suicide in Volterra, Italy, but is stopped by Bella, who is accompanied by Edward's sister, Alice. They meet with the Volturi, a powerful vampire coven, and are released only on the condition that Bella be turned into a vampire in the near future. Bella and Edward are reunited, and she and the Cullens return to Forks.

《蝕》[编辑]

主条目：暮光之城：蝕

Victoria has created an army of "newborn" vampires to battle the Cullen family and murder Bella for revenge. Meanwhile, Bella is compelled to choose between her relationship with Edward and her friendship with Jacob. Edward's vampire family and Jacob's werewolf pack join forces to successfully destroy Victoria and her vampire army. In the end, Bella chooses Edward's love over Jacob's friendship and agrees to marry Edward.

《破曉》[编辑]

主条目：暮光之城：破曉

Bella and Edward are married, but their honeymoon is cut short when Bella discovers that she is pregnant. Her pregnancy progresses rapidly, severely weakening her. She nearly dies giving birth to her and Edward's daughter, Renesmee, a dhampir. Edward injects Bella with his venom to save her life and makes her a dhampir. A vampire from another coven sees Renesmee and mistakes her for an "immortal child". She informs the Volturi, as the existence of such beings violates vampire law. The Cullens gather vampire witnesses who can verify that Renesmee is not an immortal child. After an intense confrontation, the Cullens and their witnesses convince the Volturi that the child poses no danger to vampires or their secret, and they are left in peace by the Volturi.

主要角色[编辑]

参见：暮光之城角色列表
  • 貝拉·史旺： 作為該系列的女主角，貝拉笨拙且容易吸引危險。有一張白皙的瓜子臉，眼睛和頭髮都是棕色，長相漂亮，在學校中不乏追求者。[8] 她被描述成對自己缺乏自信和不理解為何愛德華會愛上她。她對一切精神力相關的超能力免疫，如愛德華和厄洛的心靈感應或珍的精神力攻擊。[9] 在《破曉》中轉變成吸血鬼後，她獲得了控制「精神力防護盾」的能力，可用於保護他人。[10]
  • 愛德華·庫倫： Edward is a vampire who lives with a coven of like-minded vampires known as the Cullen family, who feed on animals rather than humans. Over the course of the Twilight series, Edward falls in love with, marries, and then has a child with Bella. At first, Edward feels a mutual hatred toward Jacob Black because of his love for Bella, but in Breaking Dawn, he comes to see Jacob as a brother and friend. Like some vampires, Edward has a supernatural ability: mind reading. It allows him to read anyone's thoughts within a few miles' radius. Bella is immune to his power as a human, but learns how to lower this "shield" after her transformation to a vampire.
  • 雅各·佈雷克： A minor character in the first novel, Jacob is introduced as a member of the Quileute tribe. He resurfaces in New Moon with a larger role as Bella's best friend as she struggles through her depression over losing Edward. Although he is in love with Bella, she initially sees him as just her best friend. He and other tribe members can shape-shift into wolves. In Eclipse Bella realizes that while she does love Jacob, her feelings for Edward Cullen are stronger. In Breaking Dawn, Jacob imprinted on Bella and Edward's baby daughter, Renesmee, ridding him of his heartache for Bella.

改寫[编辑]

《生與死》[编辑]

在《暮光之城》出版的十週年時，梅爾出版了第一部故事的性轉版，以回應「貝拉是個標準落難女子」的女性刻板批評。[11] 書中所有角色的性別都倒轉一遍，除了貝拉的父母，因梅爾顧慮到性別交換後沒工作的父親根本不可能收養子女。[12] 貝拉與愛德華的名字分別被改為貝爾和愛蒂絲，[13] 結局被改成了貝爾被詹姆斯的毒液成功轉換成了吸血鬼，給予一個確定的結尾。[14]

《午夜陽光》[编辑]

主条目：暮光之城：午夜陽光

《午夜陽光》出版於2020年，與系列的第一部故事《暮光之城：暮色》具有相同的情節，但以愛德華·庫倫為視角，而非原先的貝拉·史旺。[15] 梅爾曾表示，《午夜陽光》是唯一一部她計畫以愛德華為視角的小說。[16] 在第一部的電影版《暮光之城》拍攝期間，梅爾曾讓導演凱瑟琳·哈德威克與愛德華的飾演者羅伯·派汀森閱讀此書的稿件，以讓他們更理解愛德華的心態。[17][18][19]

未來計畫[编辑]

儘管梅爾曾經發誓她再也不寫《暮光之城》系列小說，但她在2020年8月宣布她將至少再寫兩本新的《暮光之城》系列小說。根據她的說法，她已經構思出了架構和第一章的內容，但還不打算馬上動筆。[20]

外傳[编辑]

圖像小說[编辑]

2010年3月16日Yen Press出版由楊恩·金（Young Kim）根據第一部故事所繪製的漫畫《暮光之城：圖像小說，第一集》（Twilight: The Graphic Novel, Vol. 1。[21] In February 2011, the graphic novel won the 2010 Gem Awards Best Manga of the Year.[22] The sequel, Twilight: The Graphic Novel, Vol. 2 was released on October 11, 2011,[23] and followed Volume 1 in topping The New York Times Best Seller list for Hardcover Graphic Books in its first week.[24]

《布莉的重生》[编辑]

In March 2010, Meyer revealed on her official website that she will be releasing a new novella in the series, The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner, which tells the story of a newborn vampire who appeared in Eclipse, on June 5, 2010.[25] An electronic version of the book was made available free from her web site, as well as in bookstores.[26]

圖解指南[编辑]

In October 2010, Little, Brown and Company announced that The Twilight Saga: The Official Illustrated Guide, a definitive encyclopedic reference for the saga including character profiles, outtakes, a conversation with Meyer, genealogical charts, maps and extensive cross-references with nearly 100 full color illustrations, was to be released on April 12, 2011, after many publication delays since 2008.[27] [28] It debuted at #1 on The New York Times Best Seller list, where it stayed for three consecutive weeks,[29][30][31] and at #4 on the USA Today Best Seller list.[32]

地點[编辑]

Photo of a three-lane main street in a small town. Visible is a traffic light, sparse traffic, and businesses such as a car lot and gas station.
Forks, Washington

The story is set primarily in the town of Forks, Washington, where Bella and her father, Charlie Swan, live. Other cities in Washington briefly appear in the series or are mentioned, such as Port Angeles, Olympia, Seattle and La Push. Some events in Twilight take place in Phoenix, Arizona, where Bella was raised. Volterra, Italy, is featured in New Moon, when Edward travels there to commit suicide and Bella rushes to save him. Jacksonville, Florida, is mentioned first in Twilight and second in Eclipse, when Edward and Bella visit Bella's mother, who has moved there with her new husband. Seattle, Washington, is featured in Breaking Dawn when Jacob tries to escape his love for Bella, and when Bella tries to locate a man named J. Jenks. It is also the location of a series of murders committed by newborn vampires in Eclipse. In Breaking Dawn, Bella and Edward spend their honeymoon on a fictional "Isle Esme", purportedly off the coast of Brazil.

組織架構與流派[编辑]

The Twilight series falls under the genre of young adult, fantasy, and romance, though Meyer categorized her first book, Twilight, as "suspense romance horror comedy".[33] However, she states that she considers her books as "romance more than anything else".[33] The series explores the unorthodox romance between human Bella and vampire Edward, as well as the love triangle between Bella, Edward, and Jacob, a werewolf.[34] The books avoid delving into provocative sex, drugs, and harsh swearing because, according to Meyer, "I don't think teens need to read about gratuitous sex."[35]

"No Vampires" sign in La Push, Washington

To some, Meyer's novels fall into the category of gothic literature as well. Meyer's use of monsters and the unsettling circumstances of Edward and Bella's relationship are key components to the gothic. Gothic literature allows readers to analyze abstract concepts through dark or disturbing analogies.[36] The disturbing nature of the gothic is a result of "repressed familiarity," according to neurologist Sigmund Freud,[37] and we are meant to see ourselves in Meyer's monsters.[36]:48-49 It is also interesting to note that dreams are an important theme in the gothic genre, and Meyer's main inspiration for Twilight came from a dream. Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, a classic in gothic literature, was also inspired by a dream. Twilight moves away from the classical gothic however, through Bella's sympathy toward Edward. Rather than feeling disgust for the vampire, the dangerous intrigue she takes in him moves the plot forward.[36]:49

The books are written in first-person narrative, primarily through Bella's eyes with the epilogue of the third book and a part of the fourth book being from Jacob's point of view. When asked about the structure of the novel, Meyer described her difficulty in pinpointing the premise of the novels to any specific category. The novels involve vampires, but they are not the typical tragic or bloodthirsty kind. The main characters are high schoolers, but according to some, that description also unfairly stereotypes the series.[38]

The books are based on the vampire myth, but Twilight vampires differ in a number of particulars from the general vampire lore. For instance, Twilight vampires have strong piercing teeth rather than fangs; they glitter in sunlight rather than burn; and they can drink animal as well as human blood. Meyer comments that her vampire mythology differs from that of other authors because she wasn't informed about the canon vampires. She did not consider the way her vampires differed from established literature until Twilight was close to being published. By that time, it was too late make drastic changes and Meyer kept her vampires sans "fang and coffins and so forth" not as an act of separation from vampire canon, but as staying true to the way the characters appeared in her mind.[39]

靈感與主題[编辑]

According to the author, her books are "about life, not death" and "love, not lust".[40] Each book in the series was inspired by and loosely based on a different literary classic: Twilight on Jane Austen's 1813 novel Pride and Prejudice, New Moon on William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet, Eclipse on Emily Brontë's 1847 novel Wuthering Heights, and Breaking Dawn on a second Shakespeare play, A Midsummer Night's Dream.[41] Meyer also states that Orson Scott Card and L. M. Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables series are a big influence on her writing.[38] The Cullens were inspired by Meyer's own family[42] as well as characters from the X-Men cartoon.[43] Other influences on the series which Meyer has acknowledged include the 1847 novel Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë, HGTV, and the films Iron Man (2008), Somewhere in Time (1980), Stranger than Fiction (2006), and Baby Mama (2008).[43]

Other major themes of the series include choice and free will.[38][44] Meyer says that the books are centered around Bella's choice to choose her life on her own, and the Cullens' choices to abstain from killing rather than follow their temptations: "I really think that's the underlying metaphor of my vampires. It doesn't matter where you're stuck in life or what you think you have to do; you can always choose something else. There's always a different path."[44]

Meyer, a Mormon, acknowledges that her faith has influenced her work. In particular, she says that her characters "tend to think more about where they came from, and where they are going, than might be typical."[35] The Twilight series analyzes the Christian moral dilemma of mortal temptation. As a vampire, Edward experiences strong carnal temptations that would result in the corruption of his sense of self. Overcoming these temptations illustrates a common Christian principles of "overcoming the natural man".[45] Mormon tenets of immortality and eternal life are also explored in the series. The vampires have perfected, immortal bodies, but the Cullens long for satisfying relationships. Bella achieves both immortality and the Mormon concept of eternal life by becoming a vampire alongside her husband and daughter.[45] Meyer also steers her work from subjects such as sex, despite the romantic nature of the novels. Meyer says that she does not consciously intend her novels to be Mormon-influenced, or to promote the virtues of sexual abstinence and spiritual purity, but admits that her writing is shaped by her values, saying, "I don't think my books are going to be really graphic or dark, because of who I am. There's always going to be a lot of light in my stories."[46]

起源與出版[编辑]

Stephenie Meyer says that the idea for Twilight came to her in a dream on June 2, 2003. The dream was about a human girl, and a vampire who was in love with her but thirsted for her blood. Based on this dream, Meyer wrote the transcript of what is now chapter 13 of the book.[47] Despite having very little writing experience, in a matter of three months she had transformed that dream into a completed novel.[44] After writing and editing the novel, she signed a three-book deal with Little, Brown and Company for $750,000, an unusually high amount for a first time author.[48] Meyer's literary agent, Jodi Reamer of Writers House, discovered her only because the inexperienced assistant who received Meyer's original letter did not know that young adult books are supposed to be 40,000 to 60,000 words in length, not 130,000 words.[49] Megan Tingley, the Little, Brown editor who signed Meyer, said that halfway through the reading of the Twilight manuscript, she realized that she had a future bestseller in her hands.[50] The book was released in 2005.

Following the success of Twilight, Meyer expanded the story into a series with three more books: New Moon (2006), Eclipse (2007), and Breaking Dawn (2008). In its first week after publication, the first sequel, New Moon, debuted at #5 on the New York Times Best Seller List for Children's Chapter Books, and in its second week rose to the #1 position, where it remained for the next eleven weeks. In total, it spent over 50 weeks on the list.[51] After the release of Eclipse, the first three "Twilight" books spent a combined 143 weeks on the New York Times Best Seller List.[44] The fourth installment of the Twilight series, Breaking Dawn, was released with an initial print run of 3.7 million copies.[52] Over 1.3 million copies were sold on the first day alone, setting a record in first-day sales performance for the Hachette Book Group USA.[53] Upon the completion of the fourth entry in the series, Meyer indicated that Breaking Dawn would be the final novel to be told from Bella Swan's perspective.[54] In 2008 and 2009, the four books of the series claimed the top four spots on USA Today's year-end bestseller list, making Meyer the first author to ever achieve this feat.[55][56] The series then won the 2009 Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Book, where it competed against the Harry Potter series.[57]

截至2022年10月，該系列被翻譯成49種語言，全球總銷量達到1.6億冊，為史上第16暢銷的書籍系列。[58] 系列正傳的四本小說連續刷新2008年《今日美國》暢銷書榜的紀錄，[59] 在《紐約時報》暢銷書榜上停留超過235週。[60]

評價[编辑]

The response to Twilight has been mixed. While the books have become immensely popular, they have also generated much controversy.

正面評價[编辑]

Twilight has gathered acclaim for its popularity with its target readers. The Times lauded it for capturing "perfectly the teenage feeling of sexual tension and alienation."[61] Other reviews described Twilight as an "exquisite fantasy",[62] and a "gripping blend of romance and horror".[63] Lev Grossman of Time wrote that the books have a "pillowy quality distinctly reminiscent of Internet fan fiction", but still praised the series, comparing it to The Lord of the Rings and Harry Potter:

People do not want to just read Meyer's books; they want to climb inside them and live there... There's no literary term for the quality Twilight and Harry Potter (and The Lord of the Rings) share, but you know it when you see it: their worlds have a freestanding internal integrity that makes you feel as if you should be able to buy real estate there.[44]

The Seattle Post-Intelligencer called the book a "hot new teen novel",[64] Entertainment Weekly called Meyer "the world's most popular vampire novelist since Anne Rice",[65] The New York Times described Twilight as a "literary phenomenon",[66] and Matt Arado of Daily Herald noted that the Twilight books have become the "hottest publishing phenomenon since a certain bespectacled wizard cast his spell on the world."[67] The large and diverse online fan community of the series are often noted, sometimes even being called "cult-like".[68] Despite this, the series is often considered to have a wider appeal; Crystal Mack of Daily Herald said, "While teenage girls are the main audience, young boys and adults of both genders have also been swept up in the phenomenon."[69]

The author and the series' popularity are often compared with J. K. Rowling and Harry Potter.[44][70] Describing the fan following of the books, the Phoenix New Times wrote, "Meyer's fandom is reminiscent of Harry Potter mania."[50] The Daily Telegraph described Twilight as the "spiritual successor to Harry Potter".[71] Rebekah Bradford of The Post and Courier stated that the series has a "huge crossover appeal much like the Harry Potter books before them."[72] According to the Daily Telegraph, "Stephenie Meyer, in particular, has achieved incredible success across all the English-speaking nations and Europe and many will say that her Twilight series has filled the hole left by Harry Potter."[73] Meyer has responded to such comparisons, saying, "It's terribly flattering to be compared to her, but there's never going to be another J. K. Rowling; that's a phenomenon that's not gonna happen again", however noting that "you can compare my fans to her fans more easily [than me to her]. I do think that we both have people who are just really really enthusiastic, and will come miles to see you and be involved, and everybody really cares about our characters."[74]

A store catering to tourists interested in the Twilight series in Forks, Washington.

Economically, the town of Forks, Washington, the setting for the Twilight series, has improved due to tourism from fans of the books.[75] Forks is visited by an average of 8,000 tourists per month,[76] and has been described as a "mecca for Twilighters".[77] In response to plans for the aging Forks High School to be renovated, Twilight fans have teamed up with Infinite Jewelry Co. and the West Olympic Peninsula Betterment Association to collect donations in an attempt to save the brick appearance or the building altogether.[78]

On November 5, 2019, the BBC News listed The Twilight Series on its list of the 100 most influential novels.[79]

負面評價[编辑]

The series has garnered some notoriety both over its literary substance and over the type of relationship portrayed in the books.

Many have derided the series as poor writing. While comparing Stephenie Meyer to J. K. Rowling, Stephen King said, "the real difference [between Rowling and Meyer] is that Jo Rowling is a terrific writer, and Stephenie Meyer can't write worth a darn. She's not very good."[80][81] However, King understood the appeal of the series, adding, "People are attracted by the stories, by the pace and in the case of Stephenie Meyer, it's very clear that she's writing to a whole generation of girls and opening up kind of a safe joining of love and sex in those books. It's exciting and it's thrilling and it's not particularly threatening because it's not overtly sexual."[81]

A quote from Robin Browne (though frequently misattributed to King or Andrew Futral)[82] negatively compares the Twilight and Harry Potter book series: "Harry Potter is about confronting fears, finding inner strength and doing what is right in the face of adversity ... Twilight is about how important it is to have a boyfriend".[83]

Laura Miller of Salon.com wrote that "the characters, such as they are, are stripped down to a minimum, lacking the texture and idiosyncrasies of actual people", and said that "Twilight would be a lot more persuasive as an argument that an 'amazing heart' counts for more than appearances if it didn't harp so incessantly on Edward's superficial splendors."[84]

Elizabeth Hand of The Washington Post wrote, "Meyer's prose seldom rises above the serviceable, and the plotting is leaden."[85] The article, featured on the Yahoo! website Shine, also criticized the books and the author's final word on the series was, "Good books deal with themes of longing and loneliness, sexual passion and human frailty, alienation and fear just as the Twilight books do. But they do so by engaging us with complexities of feeling and subtleties of character, expressed in language that rises above banal mediocrity. Their reward is something more than just an escape into banal mediocrity. We deserve something better to get hooked on."[86][87]

爭議[编辑]

The books have also been widely critiqued as promoting, normalizing, and idealizing an emotionally and physically abusive relationship. Sci-fi website io9 noted that Bella and Edward's relationship meets all fifteen criteria set by the National Domestic Violence Hotline for being in an abusive relationship.[88] L. Lee Butler of Young Adult Library Services Association commented how he was unusually hesitant to stock the Twilight books in his library because he felt the books were "robbing [teen girls] of agency and normalizing stalking and abusive behavior."[89] Many female-oriented and feminist media outlets, like Jezebel,[90] The Frisky,[91] and Salon.com have decried Twilight as promoting an anti-woman message.[92] Bitch magazine stated the novels "had created a new, popular genre of "abstinence porn", concluding that, "In reality, the abstinence message—wrapped in the genre of abstinence porn—objectifies Bella in the same ways that 'real' porn might. The Twilight books conflate Bella losing her virginity with the loss of other things, including her sense of self and her very life. Such a high-stakes treatment of abstinence reinforces the idea that Bella is powerless, an object, a fact that is highlighted when we get to the sex scenes in Breaking Dawn."[93] Ms. declared that Twilight promotes a physically abusive relationship and an anti-abortion message.[94] However, writer Angela Aleiss of Religion News Service said that contrary to popular opinion, Mormons do permit abortion when the mother's life is in danger. Bella's refusal to abort her fetus, along with her quick marriage and pregnancy, instead underscore the Mormon emphasis on family.[95]

Various psychology experts have come out in agreement with the assessment of the relationship as abusive.[96] Melissa Henson, Director of communication and public education for the Parents Television Council, stated:

To impressionable teens, domestic violence is almost romanticized. We've made great strides in recent years in clearly communicating the message that is never okay to hit a woman...Today, the hidden message in the entertainment consumed by many impressionable teens is that if he hits you, it is out of love – which is absolutely wrong.[97]

Many entertainment and media outlets have made similar comments on the abusive nature of Bella and Edward's relationship, including Entertainment Weekly,[98] Movieline,[99] and Mediabistro.com.[100]

Meyer has dismissed such criticisms, arguing both that the books center around Bella's choice, which she perceives as the foundation of modern feminism, and that Bella's damsel in distress persona is due only to her humanity.[101] Meyer also added, "Just because [Bella] doesn't do kung fu and she cooks for her father doesn't make her worthy of that criticism".[102] Shannon Simcox of The Daily Collegian has similarly dismissed the criticism surrounding Bella, commenting, "While Bella plays the perfect damsel in distress that gets herself into sticky situations, she is also very in control of herself. She chose to move to Forks and be in a new place; she constantly faces a bunch of people who want to suck the life right out of her, and she is constantly pleading to become a vampire, too, so she can take care of herself and Edward."[103][104]

法律問題[编辑]

In December 2010, professional singer Matthew Smith, known as Matt Heart, sued Summit Entertainment in the case Smith v. Summit Entertainment LLC. Smith's song "Eternal Knight" was posted on several websites accompanied by cover art which Summit claimed used its "Twilight" typeface mark. Smith won four of the seven causes of action, including his right to continue distribution of his copyrighted song, under the terms that he remove any reference to "Twilight" or the "Twilight Saga".[105]

質疑[编辑]

The Twilight series made the number five spot on the American Library Association's (ALA) Top Ten List of the Most Frequently Challenged Books of 2009, for being "Sexually Explicit", "Unsuited to Age Group", and having a "Religious Viewpoint".[106]

電影改編[编辑]

主条目：The Twilight Saga (film series)

A screenplay for Twilight was written by Melissa Rosenberg and has been adapted into a film by Summit Entertainment. The film was directed by Catherine Hardwicke, with Kristen Stewart and Robert Pattinson in the leading roles of Isabella Swan and Edward Cullen, respectively. The movie was released in the United States on November 21, 2008.[107] Twilight: The Complete Illustrated Movie Companion, written by Mark Cotta Vaz, was released October 28.[108]

On November 22, 2008, following the box office success of Twilight, Summit Entertainment confirmed a sequel, called The Twilight Saga: New Moon, based on the second book in the series, New Moon.[109] The film was released on November 20, 2009. The Twilight Saga: New Moon was released on DVD and Blu-ray on March 20, 2010, through midnight release parties.[110] That same day, Summit Entertainment released Twilight in Forks, a documentary about the primary setting of the Twilight series, Forks, Washington.[111] Topics Entertainment released its own documentary about Forks and the Twilight series on March 16, called Forks: Bitten by Twilight.[112]

The third installment in the series, The Twilight Saga: Eclipse, was released on June 30, 2010.[113][114] The fourth installment, The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 was released November 18, 2011. The fifth and last installment, The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2 was released November 16, 2012.[115]

會議[编辑]

While the Twilight series has been a visible presence in many conventions such as ComicCon, there have also been many conventions whose main focus has been on the Twilight series (books and films). Some notable conventions have been Twicon and a series of "Official Twilight Conventions" that are being held by Creation Entertainment.[116]

在福克斯的暮光之城節[编辑]

Every year around the week of September 13, hundreds of Twilight fans flock to the town of Forks, Washington for the Festival. The festival starts on different dates each year since 2015. It was originally called Stephenie Meyer's Day and held during September 13, which is her book's fictional character Bella Swan's birthday. The festival attracts fans to visit all the famous sites from the movie, Forks High School, Bella's House, The Cullen's house, Newton hardware store, La Push Beach, etc. Fans dress up as their favorite book characters.

Stephenie Meyer's Day was created by the Forks City Council to celebrate Stephenie Meyer on September 13, 2007, for her novels and films. Ever since Meyer's books were published the town's tourist population increases each year.

另見[编辑]

劇情參考資料[编辑]

  • 史蒂芬妮·梅爾著; Sabrina Liao譯. 《暮光之城十週年紀念版》. 臺灣: 尖端出版社. 2016. ISBN 978-957-10-6503-8 （中文（臺灣））. 
  • 史蒂芬妮·梅爾著; 瞿秀蕙譯. 《暮光之城：新月》. 臺灣: 尖端出版社. 2008. ISBN 978-957-10-3981-7 （中文（臺灣））. 
  • 史蒂芬妮·梅爾著; 瞿秀蕙譯. 《暮光之城：蝕》. 臺灣: 尖端出版社. 2009. ISBN 978-957-10-4002-8 （中文（臺灣））. 
  • 史蒂芬妮·梅爾著; 安麗姬譯. 《暮光之城：破曉》. 臺灣: 尖端出版社. 2009. ISBN 978-957-10-4101-8 （中文（臺灣））. 
  • 史蒂芬妮·梅爾著; 甘鎮隴譯. 《暮光之城：午夜陽光》. 臺灣: 尖端出版社. 2021. ISBN 978-957-10-9289-8 （中文（臺灣））. 

其他參考資料[编辑]

  1. ^ 《暮光之城》 2016，第12頁.
  2. ^ 《暮光之城》 2016，第29頁.
  3. ^ 《暮光之城》 2016，第180頁.
  4. ^ 《暮光之城》 2016，第312頁.
  5. ^ 《暮光之城》 2016，第368頁.
  6. ^ 《暮光之城》 2016，第413頁.
  7. ^ 《暮光之城》 2016，第442頁.
  8. ^ 《暮光之城：午夜陽光》 2021，第53頁.
  9. ^ 《暮光之城：新月》 2008，第407頁.
  10. ^ 《暮光之城：破曉》 2009，第600頁.
  11. ^ 《暮光之城》 2016，第488-489頁.
  12. ^ 《暮光之城》 2016，第489頁.
  13. ^ 《暮光之城》 2016，第491頁.
  14. ^ 《暮光之城》 2016，第1000頁.
  15. ^ StephenieMeyer.com | Twilight series | Other Projects. Archived from the original on October 5, 2008.
  16. ^ Entertainment Weekly interview with Stephenie Meyer: Part 2
  17. ^ Larry Carroll. 'Twilight' Set Visit Confirms Edward And Bella's Chemistry, Offers A 'Midnight Sun' Preview. MTV. April 15, 2008 [August 17, 2008]. 
  18. ^ New Twilight book: 'Fans grew up with criticism of the originals'. BBC News. 2020-05-06 [2020-08-04] （英国英语）. 
  19. ^ León, Concepción de. Stephenie Meyer Is Telling Edward's Story, Even if It Makes Her Anxious. The New York Times. 2020-08-03 [2020-08-04]. ISSN 0362-4331 （美国英语）. 
  20. ^ 美联社. Stephenie Meyer says more ‘Twilight’ books are planned. 美联社. 2020-08-03 [2023-04-09]. 
  21. ^ Jordan, Tina. Exclusive: Twilight: The Graphic Novel. Shelf-life.ew.com. 2010-01-20 [2011-07-29]. 
  22. ^ Young Kim's Twilight a big winner at the Gem Awards. Asia Pacific Arts. 2011-02-28. （原始内容存档于April 2, 2011）. 
  23. ^ 'Twilight: The Graphic Novel' Vol. 2. ICv2. May 23, 2011 [May 27, 2011]. 
  24. ^ Schuessler, Jennifer. Best Sellers. The New York Times. October 23, 2011 [October 27, 2011]. 
  25. ^ Twilight author Meyer to publish next book for free. The Australia Times. 31 March 2010 [31 March 2010]. 
  26. ^ Twilight Series | The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner. StephenieMeyer.com. [2011-07-29]. 
  27. ^ Oldenburg, Ann. 'The Twilight Saga: The Official Illustrated Guide' coming in April. USA Today. October 6, 2010 [18 January 2015]. 
  28. ^ The Twilight Saga: The Official Illustrated Guide. The Twilight Saga. October 5, 2011 [May 27, 2011]. （原始内容存档于June 15, 2011）. 
  29. ^ Schuessler, Jennifer. Best Sellers. The New York Times. May 1, 2011 [May 27, 2011]. 
  30. ^ Schuessler, Jennifer. Best Sellers – The New York Times. The New York Times. May 8, 2011 [May 27, 2011]. 
  31. ^ Schuessler, Jennifer. Best Sellers – The New York Times. The New York Times. May 15, 2011 [May 27, 2011]. 
  32. ^ USA TODAY's Best-Selling Books list. USA TODAY. April 21, 2011 [May 27, 2011]. 
  33. ^ 33.0 33.1 Kirschling, Gregory. Stephenie Meyer's 'Twilight' Zone. EW.com (Entertainment Weekly). August 2, 2007 [December 11, 2008]. 
  34. ^ Meadows, Bob; Kari Lydersen. Stephenie Meyer: Written in Blood. People. September 8, 2008, 70 (10) [December 11, 2008]. 
  35. ^ 35.0 35.1 Trachtenberg, Jeffrey A. Booksellers Find Life After Harry In a Vampire Novel. The Wall Street Journal. August 10, 2007 [2008-12-11]. 
  36. ^ 36.0 36.1 36.2 Chadwick, Tyler. Why Twilight is Good for You (PDF). Sunstone Magazine. December 2009: 46–50. 
  37. ^ Sigmund Freud, "The 'Uncanny.'" The Norton Anthology of Literature and Criticism, edited by Vincent B. Leitch, et al., translated by Alix Strachey (New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 2001), 929–52.
  38. ^ 38.0 38.1 38.2 Margolis, Rick. Love at First Bite. October 1, 2005 [December 11, 2008]. 
  39. ^ BookStories Interview with Stephenie Meyer. August 2006 [December 12, 2008]. （原始内容存档于September 2, 2008）. 
  40. ^ Horng, Eric. Will New Bestseller 'Eclipse' Harry Potter?. ABC News. August 19, 2007 [2008-12-12]. 
  41. ^ Proctor, Maurine. Stephenie Meyer's Twilight. Meridian. August 8, 2008 [December 11, 2008]. （原始内容存档于December 1, 2008）. 
  42. ^ Why Stephenie Meyer is scared of fame
  43. ^ 43.0 43.1 Karen Valby. Stephenie Meyer: 12 of My 'Twilight' Inspirations. Entertainment Weekly. November 5, 2008 [November 5, 2008]. 
  44. ^ 44.0 44.1 44.2 44.3 44.4 44.5 Grossman, Lev. Stephenie Meyer: A New J.K. Rowling?. Time. April 24, 2008 [December 12, 2008]. （原始内容存档于April 29, 2008）. 
  45. ^ 45.0 45.1 Book of Mormon Stories That Steph Meyer Tells to Me. BYU Studies. 2019-08-06 [2021-11-19] （英语）. 
  46. ^ Mills, Tony-Allen. News Review interview: Stephenie Meyer. The Times (London). August 10, 2008 [2008-12-12]. 
  47. ^ Walker, Michael R. A Teenage Tale With Bite. BYU Magazine. 2007 [2008-08-01]. 
  48. ^ Cecelia Goodnow. Harry Potter and the Last Flight. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. 2007-07-19 [2009-04-27]. 
  49. ^ Rosman, Kathleen. The Death of the Slush Pile. Wall Street Journal (Dow Jones & Company). 22 January 2010 [27 January 2015]. 
  50. ^ 50.0 50.1 Irwin, Megan. Charmed. July 11, 2007 [2008-12-08]. 
  51. ^ Best Sellers: Children's Books. The New York Times. August 12, 2007 [December 12, 2008]. 
  52. ^ Jacks, Brian. 'Breaking Dawn' Sells 1.3 Million Copies in One Day. MTV.com. August 4, 2008 [2008-08-09]. 
  53. ^ Memmott, Carol. Record-breaking sales for 'Breaking Dawn'. USA Today. August 4, 2008 [2010-09-19]. 
  54. ^ Meyer, Stephenie. Breaking Dawn. July 7, 2008 [December 12, 2008]. 
  55. ^ Bob Minzesheimer and Anthony DeBarros. Sellers basked in Stephenie Meyer's 'Twilight' in 2008. USA Today. 2009-01-15 [2009-01-15]. 
  56. ^ Debarros, Anthony; Cadden, Mary; DeRamus, Kristin; Schnaars, Christopher. Best-Selling Books: The top 100 for 2009. USA TODAY. January 6, 2010 [May 27, 2011]. 
  57. ^ Twilight. Kids' Choice Awards. Nickelodeon. 2009 [2009-04-23]. 
  58. ^ Twilight (Novel Series) Statistics
  59. ^ Cadden, Mary. New star authors made, old ones rediscovered in 2008. USA Today. 2008-01-15 [2008-01-16]. 
  60. ^ Grossman, Lev. It's Twilight in America. Time. 2009-11-13 [2009-11-13]. （原始内容存档于November 16, 2009）. 
  61. ^ Craig, Amanda. New-Age vampires stake their claim. The Times (London). 2006-01-14 [2009-04-14]. 
  62. ^ Editorial Reviews. Amazon. [2009-04-14]. 
  63. ^ Piehl, Norah. Twilight (review). Teen reads. [2009-04-14]. 
  64. ^ 'Twilight' takes place in Forks, Wash.. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. 2005-10-04 [2009-08-16]. 
  65. ^ Kirschling, Gregory. Stephenie Meyer's 'Twilight' Zone. Entertainment Weekly. 2007-08-02 [2009-04-14]. 
  66. ^ Bosman, Julie. Book Stokes Vampire Feverat Stores' Parties. The New York Times. 2008-08-02 [2009-08-16]. 
  67. ^ Arado, Matt. Hype, excitement building for 'Twilight' finale 'Breaking Dawn'. Daily Herald. 2008-07-29 [2009-08-16]. 
  68. ^ Green, Heather. The Online Fan World of the Twilight Vampire Books. BusinessWeek. July 31, 2008 [2008-12-07]. （原始内容存档于August 6, 2008）. 
  69. ^ Crystal Mack. Local libraries prepping for 'Twilight' finale. Daily Herald. 2008-07-28 [2009-08-16]. 
  70. ^ Valby, Karen. Stephenie Meyer: Inside the 'Twilight' Saga. Entertainment Weekly. No. 1002. July 18, 2008 [December 7, 2008]. （原始内容存档于November 5, 2014）. 
  71. ^ Stephenie Meyer: the million-dollar vampire mom (profile). London: The Daily Telegraph. 2008-11-27 [2009-08-16]. （原始内容存档于2008-12-01）. 
  72. ^ Bradford, Rebekah. 'Twilight' lightning for publishing. The Post and Courier. 2008-11-23 [2009-08-16]. 
  73. ^ Twilight vampire series author Stephenie Meyer hailed as new JK Rowling需要付费订阅. London: Daily Telegraph. 2009-03-04 [2009-08-16]. （原始内容存档于January 12, 2022）. 
  74. ^ Carroll, Larry. 'Twilight' Author Stephenie Meyer Sees J.K. Rowling As Kindred Spirit. MTV Movies Blog. April 10, 2008 [December 7, 2008]. 
  75. ^ Ramirez, Marc. Fans of "Twilight" vampire series pump new blood into Forks. The Seattle Times. July 27, 2008 [2008-08-31]. 
  76. ^ O'Sullivan, Kay. Small English town becomes Twilight zone. Melbourne: The Age. 2009-07-25 [2009-07-25]. （原始内容存档于July 26, 2009）. 
  77. ^ Margolies, Jane. 'Twilighters' Put Small Town in the Spotlight. The New York Times. 2009-09-22 [2009-09-22]. 
  78. ^ Dickerson, Paige. Twilight fans campaign to donate to help save brick building of Forks High School. Peninsula Daily News. September 12, 2008 [2008-09-17]. 
  79. ^ 100 'most inspiring' novels revealed by BBC Arts. BBC News. 2019-11-05 [2019-11-10]. The reveal kickstarts the BBC's year-long celebration of literature. 
  80. ^ Tuitt, Brain, It's great to be the King, USA Weekend, March 6–8, 2009: 7 .
  81. ^ 81.0 81.1 Stephen King says 'Twilight' author 'can't write', MSNBR, Today.com, February 3, 2009 .
  82. ^ Harry Potter Vs. Twilight. CKL Hotsheet. Snout.org. [2 December 2013]. 
  83. ^ Futral, Andrew. Andrew Futral, A Wonderful Man. Tumbler. [2 December 2013]. 
  84. ^ Miller, Laura. Touched by a vampire. Salon. August 30, 2007 [September 17, 2008]. 
  85. ^ Hand, Elizabeth. Love Bites. The Washington Post. 2008-08-10 [2010-05-26]. 
  86. ^ Oh No. Not Twi-Moms. Mommy Tracked. [2011-07-29]. （原始内容存档于2011-07-14）. 
  87. ^ Oh, no, not Twi‐Moms, Astrology, Yahoo!, （原始内容存档于January 29, 2009） .
  88. ^ McMillan, Graeme. Official: Twilight's Bella & Edward Are In An Abusive Relationship. i09. 2009-11-28 [21 November 2011]. 
  89. ^ Butler, L Lee. Twilight and Abusive Relationships. ALA. 2009-11-24 [21 November 2011]. 
  90. ^ Dodai Stewart. Twilight's Hero Is Abusive, Which Makes Him All The More Romantic. Jezebel. 2009-11-30 [November 21, 2011]. 
  91. ^ McDonell-Parry, Amelia. "Twilight" Love Story Has All The Components of An Abusive Relationship. The Frisky. 2009-11-30 [21 November 2011]. 
  92. ^ Miller, Laura. Touched by a vampire. Salon. 2008-07-30 [2009-12-03]. 
  93. ^ Christine Seifert. Bite Me! (Or Don't). bitchmagazine.org. [2009-12-03]. 
  94. ^ Wilson, Natalie. Breaking Dawn: Part 1—An Anti-Abortion Message in a Bruised-Apple Package. MS magazine. 2011-11-17 [November 20, 2011]. 
  95. ^ Angela Aleiss, "Mormon Influence, Imagery Runs Deep through Twilight", Religion News Service, June 23, 2010.
  96. ^ Goodfriend, Wind. Relationship Violence in "Twilight". Psychology today. 2011-11-09 [November 20, 2011]. 
  97. ^ McKay, Hollie. Hollywood Perpetuating Dangerous Images of Domestic Violence in Teen Romances, Experts Say. News (Fox). 2011-05-31 [November 20, 2011]. 
  98. ^ Gleiberman, Owen. Edward Cullen, stalker? Yes, but so is the hero of 'The Graduate'. EW. 2009-11-30 [21 November 2011]. 
  99. ^ Karen Nicoletti. Ashley Greene on Breaking Dawn, Stephenie Meyer and Twilight's Accidental Domestic Abuse. Movie line. 2011-11-14 [November 21, 2011]. 
  100. ^ Hogan, Ron. Is Team Edward Enabling Domestic Violence?. 2009-11-30. Media bistro. [November 21, 2011]. 
  101. ^ New Moon: The Story. StephenieMeyer.com. [November 13, 2008]. 
  102. ^ Karen Valby. 'Breaking Dawn': 13 Notes for Newcomers. Entertainment Weekly. 2009-09-29 [2009-11-21]. （原始内容存档于July 17, 2010）. 
  103. ^ Simcox, Shannon. Twilight hatred too over the top. The Daily Collegian. PSU. 2010-07-06 [2010-07-16]. （原始内容存档于2010-07-09）. 
  104. ^ The new 'Twilight' novel we don't need. CNN. May 6, 2020. 
  105. ^ Smith v. Summit Entertainment LLC. Scholar. [7 November 2011]. 
  106. ^ 21st century challenged books, ALA, 2009, （原始内容存档于2013-02-23） .
  107. ^ Weiss, Sabrina Rojas. Did 'Harry Potter' Release Date Change To Avoid 'Twilight' Competition?. MTV. August 15, 2008 [2008-09-09]. 
  108. ^ Vaz, Mark Cotta. Twilight: The Complete Illustrated Movie Companion. October 28, 2008. ISBN 978-0316043137. 
  109. ^ Martin, Denise. 'Twilight' sequel 'New Moon' gets the greenlight from Summit. Los Angeles Times. November 22, 2008 [2008-11-24]. 
  110. ^ Steve Weintraub. High Resolution DVD/Blu-ray Cover Art from The Twilight Saga: New Moon – Plus What Extras Are Included. Collider.com. 2010-01-15 [2010-01-16]. （原始内容存档于January 16, 2010）. 
  111. ^ Debi Moore. Twilight in Forks DVD Release Details. DreadCentral.com. Dread Central Media, LLC. 2010-01-26 [2010-01-27]. 
  112. ^ Eriq Gardner. Summit sues to stop 'Twilight' documentary. The Hollywood Reporter. 2010-02-10 [2010-02-11]. 
  113. ^ Joshua Rich. 'Twilight': Third film in series, 'Eclipse,' set for June 2010. Entertainment Weekly. 2009-02-20 [2009-02-20]. （原始内容存档于2009-02-23）. 
  114. ^ "Eclipse" opening breaks record for biggest single-day wednesday opening. EW. com. [2010-07-02]. （原始内容存档于2010-07-02）. 
  115. ^ THE TWILIGHT SAGA: BREAKING DAWN Part 2 Gets Released November 16, 2012. Collider. [November 28, 2012]. 
  116. ^ Twilight AZ, Creation ent, （原始内容存档于June 19, 2010） 

外部連結[编辑]

维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：Waylon1104/小説
書籍
小說
衍生作品
圖像小說
電影（英语：The Twilight Saga (film series)）
角色
其他
相關
取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Waylon1104/小説&oldid=76779103”