日本史前哺乳动物列表

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本列表列出了从日本列岛的化石记录中发现的史前哺乳动物。关于该地区现存的哺乳动物,请参阅日本哺乳动物列表(包括国际自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录[1]上最近灭绝的物种以及环境省红色名录[2]上的国内对应物种)。本列表也列出了历史上已经灭绝的物种以及局部灭绝且不再构成日本动物群一部分但从化石或亚化石记录中已知的现存物种。

中生代[编辑]

演化支 地质层位 图片 年代
枝兽类英语Trechnotheria †"对齿兽目英语Symmetrodonta" 鼹兽科英语Spalacotheriidae 对掠兽属英语Symmetrolestes Symmetrolestes †小对掠兽 S. parvus
Tsubamoto & Rougier, 2004[3]
北谷组英语Kitadani Formation 白垩纪早期
兽形亚纲英语Theriimorpha 真三尖齿兽目 双型齿兽科英语Amphidontidae 白山齿兽属英语Hakusanodon Hakusanodon †古白山齿兽 H. archaeus
Rougier et al., 2007[4]
桑岛组英语Kuwajima Formation
异兽亚纲 多瘤齿兽目 始俊兽科英语Eobaataridae 白山俊兽属 Hakusanobaatar †松尾白山俊兽 H. matsuoi
Kusuhashi, 2008[5]
手取俊兽属 Tedoribaatar †雷氏手取俊兽 T. reini
Kusuhashi, 2008[5]
真兽下纲 亚洲掘猬目英语Asioryctitheria 筱山臼齿兽属日语ササヤマミロス Sasayamamylos †河合篠山臼齿兽 S. kawaii
Kusuhashi & Saegusa, 2013[6]
筱山群英语Sasayama Group
Zhelestidae英语Zhelestidae Sorlestes英语Sorlestes S. mifunensis
Setoguchi et al., 1999[7]
御船层群英语Mifune Group 白垩纪晚期

新生代[编辑]

演化支 异名 图片 年代
白垩掠兽目 全齿亚目 冠齿兽科 冠齿兽科未定种 Coryphodontidae sp.[8] 始新世早期–始新世晚期
亚洲冠齿兽属 Asiocoryphodon †亚洲冠齿兽未定种 Asiocoryphodon sp.[8]
裂齿目英语Tillodontia 凿齿兽科英语Esthonychidae Trogosus英语Trogosus Trogosus cf. T. latidens[8]
Higotherium英语Higotherium H. hypsodon
Miyata & Tomida, 1998[9]
始新世中期
长鼻目 嵌齿象总科英语Gomphotherioidea 嵌齿象科 嵌齿象属Gomphotherium †连接嵌齿象G. annectens 连接半乳齿象 Hemimastodon annectens
Matsumoto, 1924[10]
中新世早期
Bunolophodon yokotii
Makiyama, 1938[11]
中华乳齿象属英语SinomastodonSinomastodon †仙台中华乳齿象S. sendaicus[12] 仙台三棱齿象Trilophodon sendaicus
Matsumoto, 1924[10]
上新世早期
象总科 剑齿象科 脊棱齿象属 Stegolophodon †伪阔齿脊棱齿象 S. pseudolatidens[13] 伪阔齿始剑齿象 Eostegodon pseudolatidens
Yabe, 1950[14]
中新世
津田氏脊棱齿象 Stegolophodon tsudai
Shikama & Kirii, 1956[15]
Stegolophodon miyokoae
Hatai, 1959[16]
剑齿象属 Stegodon 三重剑齿象日语ミエゾウ S. miensis Stegodon clifti miensis
Matsumoto, 1941[17]
上新世
信州脊棱齿象 Stegolophodon shinshuensis
Fossil Elephant Research Group, 1979[18]
Stegodon bombifrons
Itsukaichi Stegodon Research Group, 1980[19]
类象剑齿象相似种 Stegodon cf. elephantoides[20]
†原曙光剑齿象 S. protoaurora
Aiba, Baba & Matsukawa, 2010[21]
上新世晚期–更新世早期
曙光剑齿象 S. aurorae[20] 曙光象 Elephas aurorae
Matsumoto, 1918[22]
更新世早期
关东副剑齿象 Parastegodon? kwantoensis
Tokunaga, 1934[23]
杉山氏副剑齿象 Parastegodon sugiyamai
Tokunaga, 1935[24]
明石副剑齿象 Parastegodon akashiensis
Takai, 1936[25]
罕见副剑齿象 Parastegodon infrequens
Shikama, 1937[26]
Stegodon shodoensis (partim)[20]
东方剑齿象日语トウヨウゾウ S. orientalis[20][27] Stegodon orientalis shodoensis
Matsumoto, 1924[28]
更新世中期
象科 古菱齿象属 Palaeoloxodon 诺氏古菱齿象 P. naumanni[11][29]:86 诺氏纳玛象 Elephas namadicus naumanni
Makiyama, 1924[30]
更新世中期-更新世晚期
德永氏古棱齿象 Loxodonta (Palaeoloxodon) tokunagai
Matsumoto, 1924[31]
布氏印度象 Elephas indicus buski
Matsumoto, 1927[32]
矢部纳玛象 Loxodonta (Palaeoloxodon) namadica yabei
Matsumoto, 1929[33]
横滨古菱齿象 Palaeoloxodon yokohamanus
Tokunaga, 1934[34]
世冈氏古菱齿象 Palaeoloxodon aomoriensis
Tokunaga & Takai, 1936[35]
濑户纳玛象 Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) namadicus setoensis
Makiyama, 1929[36]
猛犸象属 Mammuthus 草原猛犸 M. trogontherii[37]:347[38] 原猛犸真象 Euelephas protomammonteus
Matsumoto, 1924[39]
更新世早期
Parelephas protomammonteus proximus
Matsumoto, 1926[40]
模式原猛犸副象 Parelephas protomammonteus typicus
Matsumoto, 1926[40]
松本真猛犸象 Elephas primigenius matsumotoi
Dietrich, 1927[41]
Parelephas proximus uehataensis
Shikama, 1937[42]
四贺副猛犸原齿象 Archidiskodon paramammonteus shigensis
Matsumoto & Ozaki, 1959[43]
真猛犸象 M. primigenius[44] 更新世晚期
海牛目 儒艮科 杜氏海牛属 Dusisiren D. dewana
Takahashi, Domning & Saito, 1986[45]
中新世晚期
†高郷杜氏海牛 D. takasatensis
Kobayashi, Horikawa & Miyazaki, 1995[46]
无齿海牛属 Hydrodamalis 泷川海牛 H. spissa
Furusawa, 1988[47]
上新世晚期
兔形目 鼠兔科 跳鼠兔属西班牙语Alloptox Alloptox 日本跳鼠兔 A. japonicus
Tomida, 2012[48]
中新世早期
啮齿目 豪猪亚目 梳齿鼠总科英语Ctenodactyloidea未定种 Ctenodactyloidea sp.[8] 始新世早期-始新世中期
硅藻鼠科 硅藻鼠属英语Diatomys Diatomys †山东硅藻鼠 D. shantungensis[49][50] 中新世早期
河狸亚目 河狸科 窄颅河狸属英语Steneofiber Steneofiber †窄颅河狸未定种 Steneofiber sp.[49] 渐新世晚期
杨氏河狸属英语YoungofiberYoungofiber †中国杨氏河狸 Y. sinensis[51] 中国大河狸 Trogontherium sinensis
Young, 1955[52]
中新世早期
Minocastor英语Minocastor M. godai
Mörs, Tomida & Kalthoff, 2016[53]
Euroxenomys英语Euroxenomys E. nanus
Mörs & Tomida, 2018[54]
始鼠总科英语Eomyoidea 始鼠科 Megapeomys M. repenningi
Tomida, 2011[55]
中新世早期
日本始鼠属 Japaneomys †安野氏日本始鼠 J. yasunoi
Kimura et al., 2019[56]
鼠形亚目 仓鼠科 田鼠属 Microtus M. epiratticepoides
Kawamura, 1988[57]
更新世中期-更新世晚期
䶄属 Clethrionomys †日本䶄 C. japonicus
Kawamura, 1988[57]
更新世中期
仓鼠属 Cricetulus 仓鼠未定种 Cricetulus sp.[58]
鼠科 白腹鼠属 Niviventer 白腹鼠未定种 Niviventer sp.[59] 更新世晚期-全新世
大鼠属 Rattus †宫古鼠 R. miyakoensis
Kawaguchi, Kaneko & Hasegawa, 2009[60]
更新世晚期
灵长目 简鼻亚目 猴科 神奈川猴属英语Kanagawapithecus Kanagawapithecus †薄眶后神奈川猴 K. leptopostorbitalis Dolichopithecus (Kanagawapithecus) leptopostorbitalis
Iwamoto, Hasegawa & Koizumi, 2005[61]
上新世
原猴亚目 西瓦兔猴科 †西瓦兔猴科未定种 Sivaladapidae sp.[8] 始新世早期-始新世中期
真盲缺目 近鼩鼱科英语Plesiosoricidae 近鼩鼱属意大利语Plesiosorex Plesiosorex P. fejfari
Oshima, Tomida & Orihara, 2017[62]
中新世早期
鼩鼱科 鹿间鼩鼱属英语Shikamainosorex Shikamainosorex S. densicingulata
Hasegawa, 1957[63]
更新世中期
短尾鼩属 Anourosorex †日本短尾鼩 A. japonicus
Shikama & Hasegawa, 1958[64]
更新世晚期
翼手目 阳翼手亚目 蝙蝠科 更新鼠耳蝠属英语Pleistomyotis Pleistomyotis P. longihumeralis[65][58] 更新世中期
鼠耳蝠属 Myotis †冈藤鼠耳蝠 M. okafujii[58]
†别府鼠耳蝠 M. beppuensis[58]
索齿兽目 贝西摩斯兽属英语Behemotops Behemotops B. katsuiei
Inuzuka, 2000[66]
渐新世晚期
索齿兽科英语Desmostylidae 足寄兽属英语Ashoroa Ashoroa A. laticosta
Inuzuka, 2000[66]
索齿兽属 Desmostylus †日本索齿兽 D. japonicus
Tokunaga & Iwasaki, 1914[67][68]
Miocene
古索齿兽科英语Paleoparadoxiidae 古索齿兽属英语Paleoparadoxia Paleoparadoxia P. tabatai Cornwallius tabatai
Tokunaga, 1939[69]
P. media
Inuzuka, 2005[70]
偶蹄目 猪形亚目 猪科 猪科未定属 Suidae indet.[50] Palaeochoerus japonicus
Takai, 1954[71]
中新世早期
猪兽属英语Hyotherium Hyotherium †山旺猪兽 H. shanwangense[72] 中新世中期
鲸凹齿形类 豨科 完齿豨属 Entelodon †戈壁完齿豨 E. gobiensis[73] 始新世晚期
双锥齿兽总科英语Dichobunoidea未定种 Dichobunoidea sp.[8] 始新世中期–始新世晚期
石炭兽科 Bothriogenys英语Bothriogenys Bothriogenys sp.[73] 始新世晚期
沟齿兽属 Bothriodon †三田沟齿兽 B. sandaensis
Tsubamoto et al., 2007[74]
始新世中期–始新世晚期
Elomeryx英语Elomeryx E. japonicus[75] Brachyodus japonicus
Matsumoto, 1925[76]
渐新世中期
鲸下目 信浓海豚属英语Sinanodelphis Sinanodelphis †泉田信浓海豚 S. izumidaensis
Makiyama, 1936[77]
中新世
海豚科 始海豚属英语Eodelphinus Eodelphinus †桦户始海豚 E. kabatensis Stenella kabatensis
Horikawa, 1977[78]
黎明豚属 Norisdelphis †安中黎明豚 N. annakaensis
Kimura & Hasegawa, 2020[79]
伪虎鲸属 Pseudorca 横山伪虎鲸英语Pseudorca yokoyamai P. yokoyamai
Matsumoto, 1926[80]
上新世
虎鲸属 Orcinus 古虎鲸英语Orcinus paleorca O. paleorca Orca paleorca
Matsumoto, 1937[81]
更新世早期
肯氏海豚科 肯氏海豚属 Kentriodon †菅原肯氏海豚 K. sugawarai
Guo & Kohno, 2021[82]
中新世早期–中新世中期
†穗别肯氏海豚 K. hobetsu
Ichishima, 1994[83]
中新世中期
一角鲸科 羽幌鲸属英语Haborodelphis Haborodelphis †日本羽幌鲸 H. japonicus
Ichishima et al., 2018[84]
上新世早期
鼠海豚科 中新鼠海豚属 Miophocaena †西野中新鼠海豚 M. nishinoi
Murakami et al., 2012[85]
中新世晚期
原鼠海豚属 Archaeophocaena †天盐原鼠海豚 A. teshioensis
Murakami et al., 2012[85]
翼鼠海豚属 Pterophocaena †西野翼鼠海豚 P. nishinoi
Murakami et al., 2012[86]
羽幌鼠海豚属 Haborophocoena †丰岛北海道鼠海豚 H. toyoshimai
Ichishima & Kimura, 2005[87]
上新世早期
†微小北海道鼠海豚 H. minutus
Ichishima & Kimura, 2009[88]
沼津鼠海豚属 Numataphocoena †山下沼津鼠海豚 N. yamashitai
Ichishima & Kimura, 2000[89]
喙鲸科 贝喙鲸属 Berardius †小林氏贝喙鲸 B. kobayashii
Kawatani & Kohno, 2021[90]
中新世中期–中新世晚期
异海豚科 忍者海豚属英语Ninjadelphis Ninjadelphis †氏原忍者海豚 Ninjadelphis ujiharai
Kimura & Barnes, 2016[91]
中新世早期
安房海豚属英语Awadelphis Awadelphis †平山氏安房海豚 A. hirayamai
Murakami, 2016[92]
中新世早期
中新抹香鲸属英语Miophyseter Miophyseter †知多中新抹香鲸 M. chitaensis
Kimura & Hasegawa, 2022[93]
中新世早期
噬抹香鲸属 Brygmophyseter †四贺噬抹香鲸 B. shigensis 四贺斯卡尔鲸 Scaldicetus shigensis
Hirota & Barnes, 1994[94]
中新世中期
始弓鲸科英语Eomysticetidae 大和鲸属英语Yamatocetus Yamatocetus †有凹槽大和鲸 Y. canaliculatus
Okazaki, 2012[95]
渐新世晚期
露脊鲸科 独特鲸属英语Idiocetus Idiocetus †津轻独特鲸 I. tsugarensis
Matsumoto, 1926[80]
中新世晚期
古露脊鲸属 Archaeobalaena †道产子古露脊鲸 A. dosanko
Tanaka, Furusawa & Kimura, 2020[96]
上新世早期
大树鲸属英语Taikicetus Taikicetus †井上大树鲸 T. inouei
Tanaka, Ando & Sawamura, 2018[97]
中新世中期
勇鱼鲸属英语Isanacetus Isanacetus †宽头勇鱼鲸 Isanacetus laticephalus
Kimura & Ozawa, 2002[98]
中新世早期
蒂奥鲸属英语Diorocetus Diorocetus †秩父蒂奥鲸 D. chichibuensis
Yoshida, Kimura & Hasegawa, 2003[99]
中新世
庄原蒂奥鲸日语ショウバラクジラ D. shobarensi
Otsuka & Ota, 2008[100]
中新世中期
隔板鳁鲸属英语Parietobalaena Parietobalaena †山冈隔板鳁鲸 P. yamaokai
Otsuka & Ota, 2008[100]
新须鲸科 比婆鲸属英语Hibacetus Hibacetus †广瀬比婆鲸 H. hirosei
Otsuka & Ota, 2008[100]
上毛鲸属英语Joumocetus Joumocetus †清水上毛鲸J. shimizui
Kimura & Hasegawa, 2010[101]
中新世晚期
须鲸科 灰鲸属 Eschrichtius 昭岛鲸英语Akishima_whale E. akishimaensis
Kimura, Hasegawa & Kohno, 2018[102]
更新世早期
反刍亚目 鹿超科英语Cervoidea未定属 Cervoidea indet.[50] 美浓两栖鼷鹿 Amphitragulus英语Amphitragulus minoensis
Matsumoto, 1918[103]
中新世早期
鹿科 叉角鹿属 Dicrocerus †德永氏叉角鹿 D. tokunagai
Matsumoto, 1927[104][105]
祖父鹿属 Cervavus †平林氏欧文祖父鹿 C. oweni hirabayashii
Tokunaga, 1926[106][105]
中新世晚期
后宽角鹿属 Metaplatyceros †红杉后宽角鹿 M. sequoiae
Shikama, 1941[107]
上新世晚期
花鹿属 Axis †日本花鹿 A. japonicus[108] 日本花鹿 Cervus (Axis) japonicus
Otsuka, 1967[109]
更新世早期
九州花鹿 Axis kyushuensis[110]
麋鹿属 Elaphurus †明石麋鹿 E. akashiensis 明石鹿 Cervus akasiensis
Shikama, 1941[107]
上新世晚期
†鹿间双叉麋鹿 E. bifurcatus shikamai[111] 鹿间麋鹿 Elaphurus shikamai
Otsuka, 1968[112]
更新世早期
†多摩麋鹿 E. davidianus tamaensis[111] 多摩麋鹿 Elaphurus (Elaphurus) tamaensis
Shikama & Hasegawa, 1976[113]
梅氏四不像 E. davidianus menziesianus[111] Capreolus (Capreolina) mayai
Tokunaga & Takai, 1936[114]
更新世中期–更新世晚期
Elaphurus mayai[115]
鹿属 Cervus †加津佐鹿 C. (Nipponicervus) kazusensis[116][108] Cervus (Sika) kazusensis
Matsumoto, 1926[117]
更新世
Cervus (Deperetia) trassaerti
Shikama, 1941[107]
Cervus (Deperetia) urbanus
Shikama, 1941[107]
日本古鹿 C. (Anoglochis) praenipponicus
Shikama, 1936[118]
直良氏鹿 Cervus (Deperetia) naorai
Shikama, 1936[119]
高野氏鹿 Cervus (Nipponicervus?) takaoi
Otsuka & Shikama, 1977[120]
岛原鹿 Cervus (Deperetia) shimabarensis
Otsuka, 1967[109]
琉球侏儒鹿 C. astylodon' 琉球侏儒麂 Muntiacus astylodon
Matsumoto, 1926[117]
琉球侏儒泽鹿 Cervus (Rucervus) riukiuensis
Matsumoto, 1926[117]
†加藤清正格氏鹿 C. greyi katokiyomasai[121][122] Cervus (Rucervus) katokiyomasai
Shikama & Hasegawa, 1965[123]
Cervus (Sika) natsumei
Matsumoto, 1938[124]
古虾夷鹿 Cervus (Sika) paleoezoensis
Otsuka & Shikama, 1977[120]
†九州鹿 C. kyushuensis 九州水鹿 Cervus (Rusa) kyushuensis
Otsuka, 1966[125]
更新世早期
†秋吉鹿 C. akiyoshiensis 秋吉日本鹿 Cervus (Nipponicervus) akiyoshiensis
Otsuka, 1977[126]
更新世晚期
中华大角鹿属 Sinomegaceros †矢部中华大角鹿 S. yabei[120] 矢部鹿 Cervus (Sinomegaceros) yabei
Shikama, 1938[127]
更新世
金流大角鹿 Megaceros kinryuensis
Matsumoto & Mori, 1956[128]
小河套大角鹿 Megaceros (Sinomegaceros) ordosianus minor
Kamei, 1958[129]
日本长颈鹿 Giraffa (Orasius?) nipponica
Matsumoto, 1926[117][130]
狍属 Capreolus †德永氏狍 C. tokunagai
Otuka, 1941[131]
宫古狍 Capreolus miyakoensis
Hasegawa, Otsuka & Nohara, 1973[132]
更新世全新世
牛科 水牛属 Bubalus 水牛属未定种 Bubalus sp.[58] 更新世中期
野牛属 Bison 花泉野牛日语ハナイズミモリウシ B. hanaizumiensis 花泉细野牛 Leptobison hanaizumiensis
Matsumoto & Mori, 1956[128]
更新世晚期
西伯利亚野牛 B. priscus[58]
长鬃山羊属英语Capricornis Capricornis C. (?) nikitini[116] Naemorhedus nikitini
Shikama, 1949[133]
更新世
奇蹄目 豕齿兽科英语Hyopsodontidae 猪齿兽属 Hyopsodus †猪齿兽未定种 Hyopsodus sp.[8] 始新世早期-始新世中期
马形亚目英语Hippomorpha 雷兽科 †雷兽科未定种 Brontotheriidae sp.[8]
马科 安琪马属英语Anchitherium Anchitherium †戈壁安琪马近缘种Anchitherium aff. A. gobiense[134] 下伪马安琪马 Anchitherium hypohippoides
Matsumoto, 1921[135]
中新世早期
爪兽亚目 等外脊貘科英语Isectolophidae 等外脊貘属英语Isectolophus Isectolophus †等外脊貘未定种 Isectolophus sp.[8] 始新世早期-始新世中期
爪兽科 裂爪兽亚科未定种 Schizotheriinae sp.[136] 中新世早期
貘总科英语Tapiroidea 沼貘科 Plesiocolopirus英语Plesiocolopirus †谷氏貘 P. grangeri[8] Desmatotherium英语Desmatotherium grangeri
Tokunaga, 1933[137]
始新世中期
钏路貘日语クシロムカシバク P. kushiroensis Colodon英语Colodon kushiroensis
Tomida, 1983[138]
始新世中期–渐新世早期
貘科 近貘属英语Plesiotapirus Plesiotapirus †八木氏近貘 P. yagii 八木氏古貘 Palaeotapirus英语Palaeotapirus yagii
Matsumoto, 1921[135]
中新世早期
犀总科 貘犀科 貘犀属 Hyrachyus 貘犀属未定种相似种 cf. Hyrachyus sp.[74] 始新世早期–始新世中期
两栖犀科英语Amynodontidae 宰桑两栖犀属英语Zaisanamynodon Zaisanamynodon Zaisanamynodon cf. Z. protheroi[8] 始新世中期-始新世晚期
cf. †Z. borisovi[8] 始新世晚期
两栖犀属英语Amynodon Amynodon †渡边氏两栖犀 A. watanabei[8] †渡边氏两栖犀? Amynodon (?) watanabei
Tokunaga, 1926[139]
始新世中期-始新世晚期
犀科 矮脚犀属 Brachypotherium †战士矮脚犀 B. pugnator[136] 战士远角犀 Teleoceras (Brachypotherium) pugnator
Matsumoto, 1921[135]
中新世早期
战士大唇犀 Chilotherium pugnator
可儿远角犀 Teleoceras (?) kaniensis
Tokunaga, 1926[139]
东京远角犀 Teleoceras (?) tokiensis
Tokunaga, 1926[139]
近无角犀属英语Plesiaceratherium Plesiaceratherium †近无角犀未定种 Plesiaceratherium sp.[50]
斯迪凡犀属 Stephanorhinus †基什贝尔格犀 S. kirchbergensis[140] 日本犀 Dicerorhinus nipponicus
Shikama, 1967[141]
更新世中期
新土居犀 Rhinoceros shindoi
Tokunaga, 1931[142]
食肉目 细齿兽科 †细齿兽科未定种 Miacidae sp.[8] 始新世早期–始新世中期
猫型亚目 猫科 豹属 Panthera 杨氏虎 P. youngi[143] Felis youngi 更新世中期
猫属 Felis †小野猫 F. microtus[144] 更新世
犬熊总科 犬熊科 伊森格林狼属英语Ysengrinia Ysengrinia †伊森格林狼未定种 Ysengrinia sp.[145] 中新世中期
犬总科英语Canoidea 犬科 犬属 Canis †法氏犬 C. falconeri[146] 更新世早期
豺属Cuon 豺属未定种 Cuon sp.[147] 更新世中期
貉属 Nyctereutes †日本日本貉日语ホンドタヌキ N. viverrinus nipponicus
Shikama, 1949[133]
更新世早期
鼬总科 小熊猫科 副小猫熊属英语Parailurus Parailurus †副小猫熊属未定种 Parailurus sp.[148] 上新世早期–上新世中期
鼬科 狗獾属 Meles †古日本獾 M. mukasianakuma
Shikama, 1949[133][58]
更新世中期
†葛生獾 M. leucurus kuzuuensis
Shikama, 1949[133][58]
貂属 Martes †貂貂 M. ten
Shikama, 1949[133]
更新世
海獭貂属英语Enhydrictis Enhydrictis †日本海獭貂 E. (Oriensictis) nipponica 日本水獭 Lutra nipponica
Naora, 1968[149]
更新世中期
日本东方鼬 Oriensictis nipponica[150]
鼬属 Mustela M. constricta[58][144]
†葛生鼬 M. kuzuuensis[58] Putorius kuzuuensis
Shikama, 1949[133]
更新世晚期
鳍足类[151] 海虎科英语Desmatophocidae 异海虎属 Allodesmus[152] †浦幌异海虎 A. uraiporensis
Tonomori et al., 2018[152]
中新世中期
†直良氏异海虎 A. naorai
Kohno, 1996[153]
†信浓异海虎 A. sinanoensis[153] 信浓北海狮 Eumetopias sinanoensis
Nagao, 1941[154]
信浓巨钉兽 Megagomphos sinanoensis[155]
Allodesmus megallos
Hirota, 1995[155]
佐渡异海虎 Allodesmus sadoensis
Hirota, 1995[155]
†异海虎属未定种 Allodesmus sp.[156]
海狮科 溟海狮属 Thalassoleon †井上氏溟海狮 T. inouei
Kohno, 1992[157]
上新世
东海狮属 Oriensarctos †渡濑氏东海狮 O. watasei
Matsumoto, 1925
渡濑氏北海狮 Eumetopias watasei
Matsumoto, 1925[158]
更新世早期
北海狗属 Callorhinus †吉氏北海狗 C. gilmorei[159] 上新世
海狮科未定种 Otariidae sp. 小千谷北海狮 Eumetopias ojiyaensis
Horikawa, 1981[160]
更新世晚期
海象科 原狮海象属 Prototaria †扁头原狮海象 P. planicephala
Kohno, 1994[161]
中新世中期
†始祖原狮海象 P. primigena
Takeyama & Ozawa, 1984[162]
伪狮海象属 Pseudotaria †村本氏伪狮海象 P. muramotoi
Kohno, 2006[163]
中新世
古海象属 Archaeodobenus †赤松氏古海象 A. akamatsui
Tanaka & Kohno, 2015[164]
中新世晚期
原海象属 Protodobenus †日本原海象 Protodobenus japonicus
Horikawa, 1995[165]
上新世早期
海象属 Odobenus †万田野海象 Odobenus mandanoensis
Tomida, 1989[166]
更新世中期

历史灭绝或区域灭绝[编辑]

演化支 图片 年代
海牛目 儒艮科 无齿海牛属 Hydrodamalis 大海牛 H. gigas[46] 早更新世-中更新世
啮齿目 鼠形亚目 仓鼠科 田鼠属 Microtus 根田鼠 M. oeconomus[58] 更新世
东方田鼠 M. fortis[58]
黑足旅鼠属 Myopus 黑足旅鼠 M. schisticolor[58] 更新世
偶蹄目 反刍亚目 鹿科 鹿属 Cervus 水鹿 C. unicolor[167] 上新世
驼鹿属 Alces 驼鹿 A. alces[168] 更新世
麝科 麝属 Moschus 原麝 M. moschiferus[133] 更新世
牛科 牛属 Bos 原牛 B. primigenius[58] 更新世
食肉目 猫型亚目 猫科 豹属 Panthera P. pardus[144] 更新世
Panthera tigris[144][116]
猞猁属 Lynx 欧亚猞猁 L. lynx[144][169] 更新世-全新世

化石物种与现存或最近灭绝的物种同义词[编辑]

演化支 异名 图片 年代
偶蹄目 猪形亚目 猪科 猪属 Sus 野猪 S. scrofa[170] 日本猪 Sus nipponicus
Matsumoto, 1915[171]
更新世-晚更新世
李氏野猪相似种 Sus cf. lydekkeri[133]
奇蹄目 马形亚目 马科 马属 Equus E. caballus[172] 日本马 Equus nipponicus
Shikama & Onuki, 1962[173]
更新世全新世
食肉目 熊型下目 熊科 熊属 Ursus 棕熊 U. arctos[174] 田中氏熊 Ursus tanakai
Shikama, 1949[133]
更新世
鳍足类 海狮科 加州海狮属 Zalophus 加州海狮 Z. californianus[175]:72 岸田氏北海狮 Eumetopias (?) kishidai
Shikama, 1953[176]
日本海狮 Z. japonicus[175]:72 渡濑海狮 Zalophus kimitsensis
Matsumoto, 1939[177]
更新世

另见[编辑]

参考文献[编辑]

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