浅肤色
外观
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/2007-08-19_Solveig_Hareide_-_Kalv%C3%B8ya.jpg/280px-2007-08-19_Solveig_Hareide_-_Kalv%C3%B8ya.jpg)
浅肤色是指一种颜色较白的肤色,拥有浅肤色的人黑色素较少,而且一般生活在紫外线较弱的地区,他们一般会被称作白人。 [1][2][3]欧洲和东北亚的原住民的肤色较浅。 [4][5][6][7][3][8] 浅肤色人群起初都几乎居住在远离赤道的高纬度地区,这些地方的太阳光强度较低。 [9]
1960年代,生物化学家W. Farnsworth Loomis发现,生活在高纬度的浅肤色人群能吸收更多的维生素D。浅色(菲茨派屈克度量 II 型)皮肤的人产生前维生素D3的速度比深色皮肤( V 型)的人要快5-10 倍。而一定量的维生素D有助于人体吸收更多的钙。 [10][11][12][13][14]不过深肤色人群可以通过饮食来摄取维生素D,例如 [15][16]驯鹿的肉、内脏和脂肪都含有大量维生素D。 [17]
黑色素可以防止叶酸耗尽出现叶酸缺乏症以及DNA受损。[3][18][19][20] 所以浅肤色人群如果居住在太阳光强度较高的赤道附近时,他们体内叶酸耗竭的风险会增加。如果叶酸耗尽的话,他们会面临更高的DNA损伤、先天性障碍和罹患多种癌症(尤其是皮肤癌的风险。 [3]而且肤色特别浅的人容易出现雀斑。[21][3]肤色非常浅的人( I 型和II 型)在黑色素细胞中产生的黑色素非常少,并且在紫外线辐射的几乎很难产生黑色素,[22]所以这类人也容易晒伤,并且皮肤下的结缔组织和脱氧核糖核酸会被破坏,过早衰老和罹患皮肤癌。[23][24] III-IV型肤色的人在受到紫外线辐射后就能产生黑色素。[25][26]
随著新航路开辟后各大洲人员流动日益频繁,当今世界各地都有浅肤色人群。 [3][27]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Mongolian_children_with_mother.jpg/220px-Mongolian_children_with_mother.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Afghan_children_in_Badakhshan_Province-2012.jpg/220px-Afghan_children_in_Badakhshan_Province-2012.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/The_Assyrian_New_Year_%28Akitu%29_festival_in_Duhok_%28Nohaadra%29_on_1st_of_April_in_2019_for_the_6769th_Assyrian_new_year_29.jpg/220px-The_Assyrian_New_Year_%28Akitu%29_festival_in_Duhok_%28Nohaadra%29_on_1st_of_April_in_2019_for_the_6769th_Assyrian_new_year_29.jpg)
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