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淺膚色

維基百科,自由的百科全書
皮膚白皙的挪威人

淺膚色是指一種顏色較白的膚色,擁有淺膚色的人黑色素較少,而且一般生活在紫外線較弱的地區,他們一般會被稱作白人[1][2][3]歐洲東北亞的原住民的膚色較淺。 [4][5][6][7][3][8] 淺膚色人群起初都幾乎居住在遠離赤道的高緯度地區,這些地方的太陽光強度較低。 [9]

1960年代,生物化學家W. Farnsworth Loomis發現,生活在高緯度的淺膚色人群能吸收更多的維生素D。淺色(菲茨派屈克度量 II 型)皮膚的人產生前維生素D3的速度比深色皮膚( V 型)的人要快5-10 倍。而一定量的維生素D有助於人體吸收更多的[10][11][12][13][14]不過深膚色人群可以通過飲食來攝取維生素D,例如 [15][16]馴鹿的肉、內臟和脂肪都含有大量維生素D。 [17]

黑色素可以防止葉酸耗盡出現葉酸缺乏症以及DNA受損[3][18][19][20] 所以淺膚色人群如果居住在太陽光強度較高的赤道附近時,他們體內葉酸耗竭的風險會增加。如果葉酸耗盡的話,他們會面臨更高的DNA損傷先天性障礙和罹患多種癌症(尤其是皮膚癌的風險。 [3]而且膚色特別淺的人容易出現雀斑[21][3]膚色非常淺的人( I 型和II 型)在黑色素細胞中產生的黑色素非常少,並且在紫外線輻射的幾乎很難產生黑色素,[22]所以這類人也容易曬傷,並且皮膚下的結締組織脫氧核糖核酸會被破壞,過早衰老英語Progeroid syndromes和罹患皮膚癌[23][24] III-IV型膚色的人在受到紫外線輻射後就能產生黑色素。[25][26]

隨著新航路開闢後各大洲人員流動日益頻繁,當今世界各地都有淺膚色人群。 [3][27]

蒙古國滿洲的一些人皮膚也比較白皙
阿富汗巴基斯坦境內的一些淺膚色人群
皮膚白皙的亞述人

參考文獻

[編輯]
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