蓋格人

蓋格人
Gegët
蓋格人; Gegët
	普雷克·卡利（英語：Prek Cali），蓋格人凱爾門迪（英語：Kelmendi (tribe)）部落的領袖
總人口
	未知
分佈地區
	北阿爾巴尼亞（英語：Northern Albania）（蓋格里亞）、科索沃、北馬其頓、黑山
語言
	蓋格方言（英語：Gheg Albanian）
宗教信仰
	伊斯蘭教（遜尼派）、基督教（天主教）

蓋格人（阿爾巴尼亞語：Gegët）是阿爾巴尼亞人的兩個主要族群之一，另一個是托斯克人，他們在文化、方言、社會和宗教特徵上存在一些小的差異。蓋格人分布在阿爾巴尼亞北部（什昆賓河以北地區）、科索沃、北馬其頓、塞爾維亞和黑山。蓋格人講蓋格方言（英語：Gheg Albanian），這是阿爾巴尼亞語的兩大方言之一（另一種是托斯克方言）。蓋格人的社會組織傳統上是部落制的，存在幾個不同的蓋格部落群體^[1]。

15世紀初，奧斯曼帝國征服並統治了托斯克人居住的南部地區，而蓋格人居住的領土則在20世紀初才受到奧斯曼帝國常規行政管理的影響。因此，蓋格人的發展與托斯克人相對隔絕。同樣，蓋格人的伊斯蘭化也不完全，阿爾巴尼亞西北部仍有大量天主教徒。由於蓋格部落（英語：Albanian tribes）在阿爾巴尼亞北部的抵抗更為頑強，奧斯曼帝國未能完全征服這些部落。為此，奧斯曼帝國實施拜拉克塔爾體系，授予拜拉克塔爾（旗首）一些特權，以換取他們動員地方武裝支持奧斯曼軍隊的軍事行動^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]。

參考文獻

^ Piotr Eberhardt. Ethnic Groups and Population Changes in Twentieth-century Central-Eastern Europe: History, Data, and Analysis. M.E. Sharpe. January 2003: 433 [13 July 2013]. ISBN 978-0-7656-1833-7. The Albanians comprise two ethnic subgroups: the Ghegs, who generally occupy the area north of the Shkumbin river; and the Tosks, most of whom live south of the river.
^ Barringer, Herbert. Social Change in Developing Areas: A Reinterpretation of Evolutionary Theory. Schenkman Publishing Company. 1965: 214 [15 March 2020].
^ Monika Shehi. When East Meets West: Examining Classroom Discourse at the Albanian Socio-political Intersection. 2007: 43 [13 July 2013]. ISBN 978-0-549-12813-7. There were and there remain distinct cultural and linguistic differences between Albanian Ghegs and Tosks ^{[永久失效連結]}
^ Hugh Poulton; Suha. Taji Faruqi. Muslim Identity and the Balkan State. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. January 1997: 117 [13 July 2013]. ISBN 978-1-85065-276-2. the two ethnic sub-groups to which Albanians actually belong: the Ghegs in the north and the Tosks in the south... The Ghegs and Tosks differ from each other in linguistic, historical-cultural and socio-religious character.
^ Richard C. Frucht. Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture. ABC-CLIO. 2005: 698 [15 July 2013]. ISBN 978-1-57607-800-6. Thus the Tosks and the Ghegs evolved virtually in isolation until Albania obtained its independence.

[Eberhardt2003-1] Piotr Eberhardt. Ethnic Groups and Population Changes in Twentieth-century Central-Eastern Europe: History, Data, and Analysis. M.E. Sharpe. January 2003: 433 [13 July 2013]. ISBN 978-0-7656-1833-7. The Albanians comprise two ethnic subgroups: the Ghegs, who generally occupy the area north of the Shkumbin river; and the Tosks, most of whom live south of the river.

[Barringer-2] Barringer, Herbert. Social Change in Developing Areas: A Reinterpretation of Evolutionary Theory. Schenkman Publishing Company. 1965: 214 [15 March 2020].

[Shehi2007-3] Monika Shehi. When East Meets West: Examining Classroom Discourse at the Albanian Socio-political Intersection. 2007: 43 [13 July 2013]. ISBN 978-0-549-12813-7. There were and there remain distinct cultural and linguistic differences between Albanian Ghegs and Tosks ^{[永久失效連結]}

[PoultonFaruqi1997-4] Hugh Poulton; Suha. Taji Faruqi. Muslim Identity and the Balkan State. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. January 1997: 117 [13 July 2013]. ISBN 978-1-85065-276-2. the two ethnic sub-groups to which Albanians actually belong: the Ghegs in the north and the Tosks in the south... The Ghegs and Tosks differ from each other in linguistic, historical-cultural and socio-religious character.

[Frucht2005-5] Richard C. Frucht. Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture. ABC-CLIO. 2005: 698 [15 July 2013]. ISBN 978-1-57607-800-6. Thus the Tosks and the Ghegs evolved virtually in isolation until Albania obtained its independence.

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