石磺科

石磺科; Onchidiidae
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	軟體動物門 Mollusca
綱：	腹足綱 Gastropoda
演化支：	直腹足類 Orthogastropoda
演化支：	後生腹足類 Apogastropoda
亞綱：	異鰓亞綱 Heterobranchia
下綱：	直神經下綱 Euthyneura
群：	脊側群 Tectipleura
亞群：	泛有肺亞群 Panpulmonata
總目：	真有肺總目 Eupulmonata
（未分級）：	收眼類 Systellommatophora
總科：	石磺總科 Onchidioidea
科：	石磺科 Onchidiidae; Rafinesque, 1815
屬
	見內文
異名
	Hoffmannolidae Starobogatov, 1976; Onchidinidae Starobogatov, 1976; Onchidellidae Labbé, 1934; Peroniidae Keferstein, 1865; Peroninidae Starobogatov, 1976; Platevindecidae Starobogatov, 1976; Quoyellidae Starobogatov, 1976; Scaphidae Labbé, 1934 ;

石磺科（學名：Onchidiidae）是一種體型細小、會呼吸空氣的海蛞蝓與陸地蛞蝓，縮柄眼目之下的一個科。除了五個屬以外，其餘各屬均沒有螺殼^[2]的有肺類腹足綱軟體動物。本科是石磺總科（Onchidioidea）之下唯一一個科，而且之下也沒有再細分為亞科^[3]。

特徵[編輯]

卵圓形身體，長4－5厘米，無殼；體外被有灰褐色革質外套膜，眼睛位於觸角頂端，或眼多排列於背上；鰓成樹枝狀，突出體的後部；肛門旁有呼吸孔與肺相通，出水則打開，入水則閉合。^[4]

分佈[編輯]

主要分佈於中國大陸、台灣^[5]，常棲息在潮間帶礁岩區^[5]。

下級分類[編輯]

本科包括以下屬：

Alionchis
Goulding & Dayrat, 2018
- Alionchis jailoloensis Goulding & Dayrat, 2018^[6]
- Alionchis meriakrii (Stantschinsky, 1907)
Hoffmannola Strand, 1932
Laspionchis
Dayrat & Goulding, 2019
- Laspionchis boucheti Dayrat & Goulding, 2019^[6]
- Laspionchis bourkei Dayrat & Goulding, 2019
Marmaronchis
Dayrat & Goulding, 2018
- Marmaronchis marmoratus (Lesson, 1831)
- Marmaronchis vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)^[6]
Melayonchis
Dayrat & Goulding, 2017
- Melayonchis aileenae Dayrat & Goulding, 2017
- Melayonchis annae Dayrat, 2017
- Melayonchis eberlyi Dayrat & Goulding, 2019
- Melayonchis eloisae Dayrat, 2017^[6]
- Melayonchis siongkiati Dayrat & Goulding, 2017
- Melayonchis tillieri Dayrat, 2019
Onchidella
J.E. Gray, 1850
- Onchidella accrensis (Plate, 1893)
- Onchidella armadilla (Mörch, 1863)
- Onchidella binneyi Stearns, 1894
- Onchidella borealis Dall, 1872
- Onchidella brattstroemi Ev.Marcus, 1978
- Onchidella carpenteri (W.G.Binney, 1860)
- Onchidella celtica (Audouin & Milne-Edwards, 1832)
- Onchidella celtica (Cuvier, 1817)
- Onchidella celtica (Forbes & Hanley, 1852)
- Onchidella evelinae Er.Marcus & J.B.Burch, 1965
- Onchidella floridana (Dall, 1885)
- Onchidella (Hoffmannola) hansi (Ev. Marcus and Er. Marcus, 1967)^[7]
- Onchidella incisa (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)
- Onchidella indolens (Couthouy, 1852)
- Onchidella kurodai (Iw.Taki, 1935)
- Onchidella maculata (Plate, 1893)
- Onchidella marginata (Couthouy, 1852)
- Onchidella miusha Ev.Marcus, 1978
- Onchidella monodi (Gabe, Prenant & Sourie, 1951)
- Onchidella nigricans (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)^[7]
- Onchidella oniscioides (Blainville, 1816)
- Onchidella orientalis (Iw.Taki, 1935)
- Onchidella pachyderma (Plate, 1893)
- Onchidella patelloide
- Onchidella philippei Ev.Marcus, 1979
- Onchidella reticulata (C.Semper, 1880)
- Onchidella souriei (Gabe & Prenant, 1955)
- Onchidella steindachneri (C.Semper, 1882)
- Onchidella wah Ev.Marcus, 1978
- Oncidiella tabularis Tapparone Canefri, 1883
Onchidina
C. Semper, 1882
- Onchidina australis (C.Semper, 1880)^[6]
- Onchidina guineensis (Labbé, 1934)
石磺屬 Onchidium Buchannan, 1800
Paromoionchis
Dayrat & Goulding, 2019
- Paromoionchis boholensis Dayrat & Goulding, 2019
- Paromoionchis daemelii (C.Semper, 1880)
- Paromoionchis goslineri Dayrat & Goulding, 2019
- Paromoionchis penangensis Dayrat & Goulding, 2019
- Paromoionchis tumidus (C.Semper, 1880)^[6]
Peronia J. Fleming, 1822
Peronia J. Fleming, 1822
Peronina
Plate, 1893
- Peronina tenera (Stoliczka, 1869)^[6]
- Peronina zulfigari Goulding & Dayrat, 2018
Platevindex
H. B. Baker, 1938
- Platevindex amboinae (Plate, 1893)
- Platevindex applanatus (Simroth, 1920)
- Platevindex aptei Goulding & Dayrat, 2021
- Platevindex burnupi (Collinge, 1902)
- Platevindex cinereus (Odhner, 1917)
- Platevindex coriaceus (C.Semper, 1882)^[6]
- Platevindex latus (Plate, 1893)
- Platevindex luteus (C.Semper, 1882)
- Platevindex martensi (Plate, 1893)
- Platevindex mortoni Britton, 1984
- Platevindex tigrinus (Stoliczka, 1869)
Semperoncis
Starobogatov, 1976
- Semperoncis glaber (C.Semper, 1880)
- Semperoncis huberti (Labbé, 1934)
- Semperoncis montanus (Plate, 1893)^[6]
- Semperoncis ponsonbyi (Collinge, 1901)
Wallaconchis
Goulding & Dayrat, 2018
- Wallaconchis achleitneri Goulding, 2018
- Wallaconchis ater (Lesson, 1831)
- Wallaconchis buetschlii (Stantschinsky, 1907)
- Wallaconchis comendadori Goulding & Dayrat, 2018
- Wallaconchis fungiformis (Stantschinsky, 1907)
- Wallaconchis gracilis (Stantschinsky, 1907)
- Wallaconchis graniferus (C.Semper, 1880)
- Wallaconchis melanesiensis Goulding & Dayrat, 2018
- Wallaconchis nangkauriensis (Plate, 1893)
- Wallaconchis ovalis (C.Semper, 1880)
- Wallaconchis simrothi (Plate, 1893)
- Wallaconchis sinanui Goulding & Dayrat, 2018^[6]
- Wallaconchis uncinus Goulding & Dayrat, 2018

參考文獻[編輯]

^ Rafinesque C. S. (1815). Analyse de la nature ou tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés. Palerme, 223 pp., page 142.
^ 引用錯誤：沒有為名為Dayrat 2009的參考文獻提供內容
^ Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.
^ https://twitter.com/hy_minutus/status/1520714058080477185. Twitter. [2022-05-02]. （原始內容存檔於2022-05-02）（中文）. 外部連結存在於|title= (幫助)
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 国际贝库：石磺. 台灣貝類資料庫. [2009-08-11]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-04）.
^ ^6.00 ^6.01 ^6.02 ^6.03 ^6.04 ^6.05 ^6.06 ^6.07 ^6.08 ^6.09 Tricia C. Goulding, Munawar Khalil, Shau Hwai Tan, Rebecca A. Cumming and Benoît Dayrat. 2022. Global Diversification and Evolutionary History of Onchidiid Slugs (Gastropoda, Pulmonata). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. In Press, 107360. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107360
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Tricia C. Goulding, Munawar Khalil, Shau Hwai Tan, Rebecca A. Cumming and Benoît Dayrat. 2022. Global Diversification and Evolutionary History of Onchidiid Slugs (Gastropoda, Pulmonata). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. In Press, 107360. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107360

引用錯誤：在<references>標籤中name屬性為「WoRMS_1773」的參考文獻沒有在文中使用

延伸閱讀[編輯]

Britton K. M. The Onchidiacea (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) of Hong Kong with a worldwide review of the genera. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 1984, 50 (3): 179–191. abstract.

外部連結[編輯]

Onchidiidae. NCBI （英語）.

[1] Rafinesque C. S. (1815). Analyse de la nature ou tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés. Palerme, 223 pp., page 142.

[Dayrat_2009-2] 引用錯誤：沒有為名為Dayrat 2009的參考文獻提供內容

[Bouchet_2005-3] Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.

[4] ttps://twitter.com/hy_minutus/status/1520714058080477185. Twitter. [2022-05-02]. （原始內容存檔於2022-05-02）（中文）. 外部連結存在於|title= (幫助)

[shell_1862-5] 5.0 ^5.1 国际贝库：石磺. 台灣貝類資料庫. [2009-08-11]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-04）.

[Tricia-6] 6.00 ^6.01 ^6.02 ^6.03 ^6.04 ^6.05 ^6.06 ^6.07 ^6.08 ^6.09 Tricia C. Goulding, Munawar Khalil, Shau Hwai Tan, Rebecca A. Cumming and Benoît Dayrat. 2022. Global Diversification and Evolutionary History of Onchidiid Slugs (Gastropoda, Pulmonata). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. In Press, 107360. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107360

[Goulding-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Tricia C. Goulding, Munawar Khalil, Shau Hwai Tan, Rebecca A. Cumming and Benoît Dayrat. 2022. Global Diversification and Evolutionary History of Onchidiid Slugs (Gastropoda, Pulmonata). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. In Press, 107360. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107360

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