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陸龜屬

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陸龜屬
從左順時針:
Testudo graeca ibera
Testudo hermanni boettgeri
Testudo hermanni hermanni
Testudo marginata sarda.
科學分類 編輯
界: 動物界 Animalia
門: 脊索動物門 Chordata
綱: 爬蟲綱 Reptilia
目: 龜鱉目 Testudines
亞目: 曲頸龜亞目 Cryptodira
科: 陸龜科 Testudinidae
屬: 陸龜屬 Testudo
Linnaeus, 1758
模式種
Testudo graeca
Linnaeus, 1758
異名
  • 四爪陸龜屬 Agrionemys Khosatzky & Mlynarski, 1966
  • Furculachelys Highfield, 1990[1]
  • Chersus Gmira, 1993
  • Medaestia Wussow, 1916
  • Peltonia Gray, 1872
  • Testudinella Gray, 1870
  • Testuod
  • Tistudo

陸龜屬Testudo)是陸龜科的一個屬,其下生物分佈於北非、西亞和歐洲等地中海附近地區。除去緣翹陸龜外,所有現存種都因棲息地喪失而處於易危甚至瀕危狀態。陸龜屬的龜體型都不大。

分類

[編輯]

陸龜屬的分類一直存在巨大爭議,其下的種也改變過很多次,大量命名甚至已經無效,因此通過學名進行文獻檢索時非常困難。[2]

基因序列研究對陸龜科分類學的幫助很有限。mtDNA研究顯示,陸龜屬的生物進化非常緩慢[3]。古生物地理學家發現一千多萬年來,其線粒體12S rRNA基因的進化速度是每一百萬年1.0-1.6% [4],而ntDNA進化速度在很多種(甚至是赫曼陸龜的亞種)之間差異極大[5]

本屬包括以下物種:

參考文獻

[編輯]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Rhodin, Anders G.J.; Inverson, John B.; Roger, Bour; Fritz, Uwe; Georges, Arthur; Shaffer, H. Bradley; van Dijk, Peter Paul. Turtles of the world, 2017 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status(8th Ed.) (PDF). Chelonian Research Monographs. August 3, 2017, 7 [October 4, 2019]. ISBN 978-1-5323-5026-9. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2021-02-25). 
  2. ^ Highfield, A.C. & Martin, J. (1989): A revision of the Testudines of North Africa, Asia, and Europe. Genus: Testudo. Journal of Chelonian Herpetology 1(1): 1–12.
  3. ^ Mitochondrial DNA evolution at a turtle's pace: Evidence for low genetic variability and reduced microevolutionary rate in the Testudines. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 1992. PMID 1584014. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040735. 
  4. ^ Van Der Kuyl, Antoinette C.; Ph. Ballasina, Donato L.; Dekker, John T.; Maas, Jolanda; Willemsen, Ronald E.; Goudsmit, Jaap. Phylogenetic Relationships among the Species of the Genus Testudo (Testudines: Testudinidae) Inferred from Mitochondrial 12S rRNA Gene Sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2002, 22 (2): 174–183. PMID 11820839. doi:10.1006/mpev.2001.1052. 
  5. ^ Fritz, Uwe; Auer, Markus; Bertolero, Albert; Cheylan, Marc; Fattizzo, Tiziano; Hundsdorfer, Anna K.; Martin Sampayo, Marcos; Pretus, Joan L.; Široky, Pavel; Wink, Michael. A rangewide phylogeography of Hermann's tortoise, Testudo hermanni (Reptilia: Testudines: Testudinidae): Implications for taxonomy. Zoologica Scripta. 2006, 35 (5): 531–543. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00242.x. 
  6. ^ Vlachos, Evangelos; Tsoukala, Evangelia. The diverse fossil chelonians from Milia (Late Pliocene, Grevena, Greece) with a new species of Testudo Linnaeus, 1758 (Testudines: Testudinidae). Papers in Palaeontology. 2016, 2: 71–86. doi:10.1002/spp2.1031.