1857年經濟危機
1857年經濟危機是由於經濟過度擴張而引起的金融恐慌，最初發源地是美國。由於19世紀50年代，世界經濟的聯繫也更加緊密，這也使得1857年的經濟危機第一次成為世界性的經濟危機[1][2]。
1857年10月13日，俄亥俄人壽公司宣佈破產[3]。僅當年美國就有近5000家企業破產[4]。
備註[編輯]
- ^ Fulfer, Johnny. Panic of 1857: A Story of Speculative Finance. The Economic Historian. April 6, 2018 [April 28, 2020].[失效連結]
- ^ See the "Preface" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels Volume 28 (International Publishers: New York, 1986) p. XIII.
- ^ 田戰省；魏巍 長春：北方婦女兒童出版社 2012 第64頁. 《世界通史经典故事 觉醒的时代 全彩图本》. （原始內容存檔於2021-09-15）.
- ^ 施樹祿 哈爾濱：哈爾濱出版社 2018 第24頁. 《战事传奇 战争中的隐秘事件与幕后谜团》. （原始內容存檔於2021-09-15）.
參考書目[編輯]
- Calomiris, Charles W.; Schweikart, Larry. The Panic of 1857: Origins, Transmission, and Containment. Journal of Economic History. 1991, 51 (4): 807–834 [2020-08-29]. doi:10.1017/S0022050700040122. （原始內容存檔於2015-09-23）.
- Glasner, David, ed. Business Cycles and Depressions: An Encyclopedia 1997.
- Huston, James L. The Panic of 1857 and The Coming of the Civil War. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. 1987. ISBN 978-0807113684.
- Huston, James L. Western Grains and the Panic of 1857. Agricultural History. 1983, 57 (1): 14–32. JSTOR 3742656.
- Kelly, Morgan; Gráda, Cormac Ó. Market Contagion: Evidence from the Panics of 1854 and 1857 (PDF). American Economic Review. 2000, 90 (5): 1110–1124 [2020-08-29]. JSTOR 2677843. doi:10.1257/aer.90.5.1110. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2019-12-30）.
- Klein, Philip Shriver. President James Buchanan (Pennsylvania State University Press, 1962).
- Kynaston, David. Till Time's Last Sand: A History of the Bank of England, 1694–2013. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. 2017: 161–164. ISBN 978-1408868560.
- McPherson, James M. Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. New York: Oxford University Press. 2003. ISBN 978-0195038637.
- Long, Kathryn Teresa. The Revival of 1857–58: Interpreting an American Religious Awakening Oxford University Press, 1998 online edition（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
- Rezneck, Samuel. Business Depressions and Financial Panics (Greenwood 1968).
- Ross, Michael A. Justice of Shattered Dreams: Samuel Freeman Miller and the Supreme Court During the Civil War Era . Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2003.
- Sobel, Robert. The Panic of 57. New York: Crowell. 1973. ISBN 978-0690002669.
- Spiegelman, Mortimer. [=0057&display[]=247&display[]=265 The Failure of Ohio Life Insurance and Trust Company, 1857]. Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Quarterly. 1948, 57: 247–65 [2020-08-29]. （原始內容存檔於2020-02-14）.
- Stampp, Kenneth. America in 1857: A Nation on the Brink. New York: Oxford University Press. 1990. ISBN 978-0195039023.
- Twichell, G. Labor Relations in 1857. Bulletin of the Business Historical Society. 1937, 11 (2): 28–29. JSTOR 3110999. doi:10.2307/3110999.
- Van Vleck, George W. The Panic of 1857, an Analytical Study (New York: Columbia University Press, 1943)
報紙[編輯]
- "Commercial Affairs" New York Daily Times, August 28, 1857
- "A New Tariff" （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） New York Daily Times, February 4, 1857
外部連結[編輯]
- Riddiough, Timothy J.; Thompson, Howard E. Déjà Vu All Over Again: Agency, Uncertainty, Leverage and the Panic of 1857. 2012. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2042316.
- Mraz, Mark. Buchananomics: The Economic Policies of James Buchanan. 2011. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1880967.
- Dickinson College. "House Divided."（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） Accessed October 30, 2010
- Visit to Dred Scott（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, 1857, Library of Congress