西德尼蟲
西德尼蟲屬![]() 化石時期:寒武紀中期至晚期
| |
---|---|
![]() | |
科學分類 ![]() | |
界: | 動物界 Animalia |
門: | 節肢動物門 Arthropoda |
科: | 西德尼蟲科 Sidneyidae |
屬: | †西德尼蟲屬 Sidneyia Walcott, 1911 |
種 | |
|
西德尼蟲(屬名:Sidneyia)是一種已滅絕的節肢動物,生存時間大約位在中至晚的寒武紀。[1]
發現史
[編輯]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Walcott_Cambrian_Geology_and_Paleontology_II_plate_02_cropped.jpg/220px-Walcott_Cambrian_Geology_and_Paleontology_II_plate_02_cropped.jpg)
查爾斯·都利特·沃爾科特(Charles Doolittle Walcott)與他兒子西德尼·沃爾科特(Sidney S. Walcott)於1910年的8月時,在加拿大卑詩省加拿大洛磯山脈境內的伯吉斯頁岩(Burgess Shale),大約在瓦普塔山脈(Wapta Mountain)和費爾德山脈(Mount Field)發現了西德尼蟲,[1][2][3],並在隔年發表。[1]西德尼蟲的名字是以第一個發現此物種-西德尼·沃爾科特命名的,[1][4]意外西德尼蟲的種小名inexpectans是源自拉丁語,意思為「意想不到的」,因為他沒想到會在比奧陶紀更古老的地層中發現這樣的化石。[1]在1938年,查爾斯·埃爾默·雷斯塞爾(Charles Elmer Resser)和本傑明·富蘭克林·豪厄爾(Benjamin Franklin Howell)在美國阿帕拉契山脈(Appalachian Mountains)的佛蒙特州的西邊發現了不能鑑定的西德尼蟲化石(Sidneyia sp. undet.)。[5]在1984年,德里克·布里格斯(Derek Ernest Gilmor Briggs)和理查德·羅賓遜(Richard Robison)在猶他州也發現了化石。[6]
外觀
[編輯]意外西德尼蟲的身體細長,表皮還有一層外殼。如果將尾巴不算的話,大約長12.3公分。[1][7]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sidneyia_size_comparison.svg/283px-Sidneyia_size_comparison.svg.png)
分類
[編輯]一開始查爾斯·都利特·沃爾科特將西德尼蟲分類為肢口綱底下的廣翅鱟目(Eurypterida),也推測可能位在三葉蟲綱(Trilobita)和廣翅鱟目(Eurypterida)中間,因為西德尼蟲既有類似三葉蟲綱的短平身體,還有類似廣翅鱟目的分節和尾鰭。[1]幾乎整個1910年代到1920年代都將西德尼蟲歸類為廣翅鱟目。[8][9]1963年時,有人將同是節肢動物門的奇蝦(Anomalocaris)的剛毛葉[註 1],誤認成西德尼蟲的。[13]而在1970至1980年代都將此物種歸類為三葉蟲[14][15],當時提出與娜羅蟲屬(Naraoia)都被歸類為"非三葉蟲型態類"(Non-Trilobites)。[4][16]
參考資料
[編輯]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Walcott, Charles D. "Cambrian Geology and Paleontology II: No. 2--Middle Cambrian Merostomata." (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) (1911).
- ^ Ryan, W. J., and T. Hallissy. 「Preliminary Notice of Some New Fossils from Bray Head, County Wicklow. (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)」 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section B: Biological, Geological, and Chemical Science, vol. 29, 1911, pp. 246–51.
- ^ O'Connell, Marjorie. The habitat of the Eurypterida. 1916 [2024-02-21]. (原始內容存檔於2024-02-21) (英語).
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Simon Conway, Morris; Harry Blackmore, Whittington. Fossils of the Burgess shale: a national treasure in Yoho National Park, British Columbia.. Natural Resources Canada. 1985 [2024-02-22]. (原始內容存檔於2024-02-22).
- ^ RESSER, C. E.; HOWELL, B. F. Lower Cambrian Olenellus zone of the Appalachians. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 1938-02-01, 49 (2). ISSN 0016-7606. doi:10.1130/gsab-49-195.
- ^ Briggs, Derek EG, and Richard A. Robison. "Exceptionally preserved nontrilobite arthropods and Anomalocaris from the Middle Cambrian of Utah." (1984).
- ^ Whittington, H.B. The significance of the fauna of the Burgess Shale, Middle Cambrian, British Columbia. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. 1980-01, 91 (3). ISSN 0016-7878. doi:10.1016/s0016-7878(80)80034-4.
- ^ RYAN, Rev WJ. "all form detached portions of the same ancient rock-group. Although the?." (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Vol. 29. The Academy, 1912.
- ^ Walcott, Charles D. "Cambrian and Ozarkian trilobites." (PDF). Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 1923, 62 (12) [2024-02-28]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2024-02-28).
- ^ Van Roy, Peter; Daley, Allison C.; Briggs, Derek E. G. Anomalocaridid trunk limb homology revealed by a giant filter-feeder with paired flaps. Nature. 2015-03-11, 522 (7554). ISSN 0028-0836. doi:10.1038/nature14256.
- ^ Moysiuk, J.; Caron, J.-B. A new hurdiid radiodont from the Burgess Shale evinces the exploitation of Cambrian infaunal food sources. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2019-07-31, 286 (1908). ISSN 0962-8452. doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.1079.
- ^ Moysiuk, Joseph; Caron, Jean-Bernard. A three-eyed radiodont with fossilized neuroanatomy informs the origin of the arthropod head and segmentation. Current Biology. 2022-08, 32 (15). ISSN 0960-9822. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.027.
- ^ Cave, Laura Delle; Insom, Emilio; Simonetta, Alberto Mario. Advances, diversions, possible relapses and additional problems in understanding the early evolution of the Articulata. Italian Journal of Zoology. 1998-01, 65 (1). ISSN 1125-0003. doi:10.1080/11250009809386724.
- ^ Signor, Philip W.; Brett, Carlton E. The mid-Paleozoic precursor to the Mesozoic marine revolution. Paleobiology. 1984, 10 (2). ISSN 0094-8373. doi:10.1017/s0094837300008174.
- ^ Morris, Simon Conway; Whittington, H. B. The Animals of the Burgess Shale. Scientific American. 1979-07, 241 (1). ISSN 0036-8733. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0779-122.
- ^ Briggs, Derek EG, and Richard A. Robison. "Exceptionally preserved nontrilobite arthropods and Anomalocaris from the Middle Cambrian of Utah." (1984).
註
[編輯]
|
|