2015年愛爾蘭修憲公民投票
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| 愛爾蘭共和國政府與政治 系列條目 |
2015年愛爾蘭修憲公民投票是愛爾蘭政府於2015年5月22日在全國舉辦的涉及兩項擬議修正案的公民投票。[1]兩項修正案分別是第三十四號修正案：婚姻不分性別，第三十五號修正案：將愛爾蘭總統候選人的最低年齡由原來的35歲降低至21歲。[2]
同性婚姻
[編輯]背景
[編輯]2006年12月，愛爾蘭高等法院裁定：上議員Katherine Zappone和她的同性伴侶Ann Louise Gilligan不可以享受愛爾蘭稅法當中的夫妻報稅優惠，因為愛爾蘭憲法規定婚姻只能是一男一女的結合，就算她們在承認同性婚姻的加拿大已經辦理結婚手續，但婚姻仍不被愛爾蘭方面承認[3]。2011年大選之後，愛爾蘭統一黨和愛爾蘭工黨組成聯合政府。之後聯合政府為兌現之前的選舉承諾，成立了一個憲法委員會來研究同性婚姻的可行性。2013年5月，委員會以微弱多數通過動議，建議政府推動修憲承認同性婚姻[4]。同年12月，愛爾蘭總理恩達·肯尼表示，會在2015年5月22號就相關議題進行全民公投[5]。
公投問題
[編輯]下議院委員會階段通過的愛爾蘭蓋爾語條文是：
Féadfaidh beirt, gan beann ar a ngnéas, conradh pósta a dhéanamh de réir dlí.
下議院辯論階段通過的英文版條文是：
Marriage may be contracted in accordance with law by two persons without distinction as to their sex.
翻譯成中文的意思是：
婚姻可以依兩個性別無差異的人的意願而依法構成。
根據愛爾蘭《官方語言法》，當愛爾蘭蓋爾文版本同英文版本意思衝突的時候，以愛爾蘭蓋爾文版本為准。因此，當委員會辯論結束，公投條文第一次公佈之後，記者兼專欄作家布魯斯·阿諾德在《愛爾蘭時報》上邊發表文章，指出愛爾蘭蓋爾文版本容易引起歧義，令人認為「只有同性可以結婚，異性就不行」[6]。最後下議院辯論階段後將條文修改成第二個版本：
Féadfaidh beirt, cibé acu is fir nó mná iad, conradh a dhéanamh i leith pósadh de réir dlí.
翻譯成中文的意思是：
婚姻可以依兩個人的意願而依法構成，不論他們是不是同性都可以。[7]
結果
[編輯]該提議得到了政府以及所有主要政黨的支持，[8][9][10]並獲得62.07％選民的贊成。[11]
| 選項 | 票數 | % |
|---|---|---|
 支持
|
1,201,607 | 62.07 |
| 反對 | 734,300 | 37.93 |
| 有效票 | 1,935,907 | 99.29 |
| 無效或空白票 | 13,818 | 0.71 |
| 總票數 | 1,949,725 | 100.00 |
| 已登記選民及投票率 | 3,221,681 | 60.52 |
72.5%–75%
70%–72.49%
67.5%–69.99%
65%–67.49%
62.5%–64.99%
60%–62.49%
57.5%–59.99%
55%–57.49%
52.5%–54.99%
50%–52.49%
48.58%
| 選區 | 選民 | 投票率（％） | 票數 | 票數比例 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 支持 | 反對 | 支持 | 反對 | |||
| Carlow–Kilkenny | 104,735 | 65.43% | 38,166 | 29,697 | 56.24% | 43.76% |
| Cavan–Monaghan | 99,265 | 57.19% | 28,494 | 27,763 | 50.65% | 49.35% |
| Clare | 81,809 | 59.44% | 28,137 | 20,154 | 58.27% | 41.73% |
| Cork East | 81,534 | 60.90% | 30,383 | 18,845 | 61.70% | 38.30% |
| Cork North-Central | 75,263 | 59.87% | 28,479 | 16,182 | 63.77% | 36.23% |
| Cork North-West | 62,118 | 62.80% | 22,388 | 16,298 | 57.90% | 42.10% |
| Cork South-Central | 92,422 | 63.86% | 38,591 | 20,072 | 65.78% | 34.22% |
| Cork South-West | 59,813 | 61.70% | 20,627 | 16,225 | 56.00% | 44.00% |
| Donegal North-East | 59,721 | 51.44% | 16,040 | 14,492 | 52.46% | 47.54% |
| Donegal South-West | 62,171 | 51.98% | 15,907 | 15,874 | 50.05% | 49.95% |
| Dublin Central | 57,193 | 57.98% | 23,861 | 9,108 | 72.37% | 27.63% |
| Dublin Mid-West | 67,091 | 63.39% | 29,984 | 12,291 | 70.93% | 29.07% |
| Dublin North | 72,523 | 65.83% | 34,494 | 13,009 | 72.61% | 27.39% |
| Dublin North-Central | 53,785 | 68.85% | 25,382 | 11,431 | 68.95% | 31.05% |
| Dublin North-East | 59,549 | 66.38% | 26,222 | 13,090 | 66.70% | 33.30% |
| Dublin North-West | 50,943 | 59.64% | 20,919 | 8,814 | 70.36% | 29.64% |
| Dublin South | 103,969 | 69.24% | 49,109 | 21,150 | 69.90% | 30.10% |
| Dublin South-Central | 80,406 | 60.56% | 34,988 | 13,418 | 72.28% | 27.72% |
| Dublin South-East | 59,376 | 58.02% | 25,655 | 8,594 | 74.91% | 25.09% |
| Dublin South-West | 71,232 | 63.41% | 32,010 | 12,901 | 71.27% | 28.73% |
| Dublin West | 65,643 | 64.36% | 29,690 | 12,350 | 70.62% | 29.38% |
| Dún Laoghaire | 80,176 | 67.05% | 38,284 | 15,168 | 71.62% | 28.38% |
| Galway East | 85,900 | 56.01% | 25,389 | 22,265 | 53.28% | 46.72% |
| Galway West | 95,180 | 55.18% | 32,037 | 20,053 | 61.50% | 38.50% |
| Kerry North–West Limerick | 62,523 | 57.21% | 19,678 | 15,808 | 55.45% | 44.55% |
| Kerry South | 57,524 | 58.19% | 18,357 | 14,831 | 55.31% | 44.69% |
| Kildare North | 79,014 | 62.05% | 33,960 | 14,782 | 69.67% | 30.33% |
| Kildare South | 60,384 | 58.41% | 23,199 | 11,861 | 66.17% | 33.83% |
| Laois–Offaly | 108,436 | 58.37% | 35,685 | 27,135 | 56.81% | 43.19% |
| Limerick | 64,100 | 58.51% | 20,322 | 16,797 | 54.75% | 45.25% |
| Limerick City | 61,421 | 63.30% | 24,789 | 13,855 | 64.15% | 35.85% |
| Longford–Westmeath | 87,425 | 54.77% | 25,445 | 22,025 | 53.60% | 46.40% |
| Louth | 102,561 | 59.92% | 38,758 | 22,313 | 63.46% | 36.54% |
| Mayo | 97,296 | 57.48% | 28,801 | 26,566 | 52.02% | 47.98% |
| Meath East | 64,956 | 59.68% | 24,525 | 14,025 | 63.62% | 36.38% |
| Meath West | 63,649 | 56.28% | 21,374 | 14,189 | 60.10% | 39.90% |
| Roscommon–South Leitrim | 59,392 | 61.49% | 17,615 | 18,644 | 48.58% | 51.42% |
| Sligo–North Leitrim | 62,031 | 57.78% | 19,043 | 16,502 | 53.57% | 46.43% |
| Tipperary North | 62,233 | 62.50% | 22,077 | 18,298 | 54.68% | 45.32% |
| Tipperary South | 56,060 | 59.30% | 19,203 | 15,012 | 54.69% | 45.31% |
| Waterford | 79,669 | 59.37% | 28,313 | 18,620 | 60.33% | 39.67% |
| Wexford | 111,474 | 57.82% | 40,692 | 23,298 | 63.59% | 36.41% |
| Wicklow | 94,275 | 68.77% | 44,059 | 20,382 | 68.37% | 31.63% |
| 總計 | 3,206,151 | 60.52% | 1,201,607 | 734,300 | 62.07% | 37.93% |
亮點
[編輯]- 這次公投，有大量移居海外，但是保留愛爾蘭國籍的愛爾蘭人專程回到愛爾蘭投票。他們在社交網站上用「#HometoVote」（「回家投票」）這個標籤[14]。
- Roscommon–South Leitrim選區是唯一一個反對票多過贊成票的選區。
- 由於愛爾蘭是第一個公投表決同性婚姻並獲多數人支持的國家，因此這次公投案吸引到不少國際媒體注意。
總統候選人年齡
[編輯]公投問題
[編輯]下議院辯論階段通過的愛爾蘭蓋爾文條文是：
Is intofa chun oifig an Uachtaráin gach saoránach ag a bhfuil bliain agus fiche slán.
英文版的條文是：
Every citizen who has reached the age of twenty-one years is eligible for election to the office of President.
翻譯成中文的意思是：
每一個年齡達到二十一歲的公民都有資格參選愛爾蘭總統。
結果
[編輯]選民否決了將總統候選人年齡由35歲降低至21歲的提案[15]
| 選項 | 票數 | % |
|---|---|---|
 反對
|
1,412,602 | 73.06 |
| 支持 | 520,898 | 26.94 |
| 有效票 | 1,933,500 | 99.18 |
| 無效或空白票 | 15,938 | 0.82 |
| 總票數 | 1,949,438 | 100.00 |
| 已登記選民及投票率 | 3,221,681 | 60.52 |
參考資料
[編輯]- ^ Ireland Sets Date For Same Sex Marriage Vote. Sky News. 2015-02-20 [2015-05-29]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-04）.
- ^ Wording of same-sex marriage referendum published. RTÉ.ie. 2015-01-21 [2015-01-26]. （原始內容存檔於2019-06-21）.
- ^ Zappone & Anor -v- Revenue Commissioners & Ors. Judgments. Courts Service of Ireland: [2006] IEHC 404. [2015-01-23]. （原始內容存檔於2015-01-23）.
- ^ Same-sex marriage report submitted to Government by Convention on the Constitution. Constitutional Convention. 2013-07-02 [2013-08-14]. （原始內容存檔於2013-08-22）.
- ^ Third Report of the Constitutional Convention - Same-Sex Marriage: Statements. Dáil Éireann debates: 35. 2013-12-17 [2014-02-03]. （原始內容存檔於2014-02-21）.
- ^ Arnold, Bruce. Uncertainty in wording of ‘marriage equality’ Bill seriously threatens Constitution. The Irish Times. 2015-02-20 [2015-03-05]. （原始內容存檔於2015-02-20）.
- ^ Wording of same-sex marriage referendum published. RTÉ. 2015-01-21 [2015-05-29]. （原始內容存檔於2019-06-21）.
- ^ Sheahan, Fionnan. Government to call for Yes vote for gay marriage. Irish Independent. 2013-11-05 [2013-11-06]. （原始內容存檔於2019-05-24）.
- ^ Fine Gael will take stance on gay marriage, says Kenny. Independent.ie. 2014-02-10 [2015-05-29]. （原始內容存檔於2018-08-09）.
- ^ Fine Gael says ‘yes’ to same-sex marriage but ‘no’ to legalising cannabis. TheJournal.ie. 2014-03-01 [2015-05-29]. （原始內容存檔於2019-05-31）.
- ^ Results received at the Central Count Centre for the referendum on the Thirty-fourth Amendment of the Constitution (Marriage Equality) Bill 2015.. Referendum Ireland. 2015-05-23 [2015-05-29]. （原始內容存檔於2015-08-09）.
- ^ Thirty-fourth Amendment of the Constitution (Marriage Equality) Bill 2015. Referendum Commission. May 2015 [4 June 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2015-05-26）.
- ^ Referendum Results 1937–2015 (PDF). Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government: 93. [26 April 2018]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2017-12-20）.
- ^ As Ireland Voted For Same-Sex Marriage, Thousands of Expats Came #Hometovote. 華爾街日報. 2013-05-23 [2015-05-23]. （原始內容存檔於2015-05-24）.
- ^ url=存档副本. [2015-05-23]. （原始內容存檔於2015-07-29）.
