用戶:Xinxi09/美國海外軍事設施列表

美國擁有遍佈全球的軍事設施網絡，其軍事基地遍佈各大洲數十個國家，為世界之最。截至 2014 年 9 月 30 日，共有 38 個公開名字的基地駐有現役部隊、美國國民警衛隊、預備役或文職人員。就人數來說，其最大的基地是位於德國的拉姆施泰因空軍基地，有近 9,200名各類軍事人員。 ^[1]由於此類信息的敏感性和機密性，因此並沒有一份包含所有基地、站點和設施的確切數量或位置的完整列表。目前，美國在海外擁有的、正在使用或可能存在美國軍事人員並由其盟友運作的設施總數或已超過1,000個。^[2]

在冷戰期間，美國常常將軍事基地設在第三世界國家，被用來當作與蘇聯爭霸的重要手段。但是到冷戰結束後，這些基地大都被保留了下來。^[3]

自第二次世界大戰結束以來，美國各類軍事基地已經歷了數輪關閉和合併，最近一次的關閉過程被稱為基地重新調整和關閉。在2020年代初期，反種族主義運動開始呼籲變更各種軍事基地命名，以刪除在美國內戰期間與聯邦作戰的邦聯人物的名字。^[4]命名委員會根據 2021 財年國防授權法案成立，^[5]並於 2022 年 12 月開啟更名計劃。^[6]

聯合作戰基地

澳大利亞

松樹谷 – 松樹谷聯合防禦設施 (JDFPG), 位於澳大利亞北領地的艾麗斯斯普林斯鎮。
哈羅德E·霍特海軍通信站 – 位於澳大利亞東北海岸，距離埃克斯茅斯鎮（英語：Exmouth, Western Australia）6公里。
羅伯遜兵營（英語：Robertson Barracks） – 位於澳大利亞北領地達爾文市.
澳大利亞國防衛星通信站（英語：Australian Defence Satellite Communications Station） – 位於澳大利亞西部傑拉爾頓以東30km附近。
澳大利亞還有其他美國基地，但此列表不包括美國可以進入的澳大利亞國防軍基地。美國軍隊可以進入所有主要的澳大利亞國防軍訓練區、澳大利亞北部皇家空軍機場、達爾文、弗里曼特爾的港口設施、珀斯的斯特靈海軍基地以及印度洋科科斯群島的機場。^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]

伊拉克

大約有2,500美軍駐紮在伊拉克的多個基地內^[12] ^[13] ，這些基地被用來訓練當地武裝，同時也為了打擊敘利亞的相關目標。^[14]^[15]

安巴爾省
- 阿薩德空軍基地^[16]
- 哈巴尼亞營（英語：RAF Habbaniya）
巴格達
- 勝利營
杜胡克省
- 阿特魯什油田（英語：Atrush Field）

尼日爾

美國在尼日爾擁有3個無人機基地。這些基地部署了數百名執行非戰鬥任務的美國特種作戰部隊，用來訓練尼日爾政府部隊和執行其他任務。

阿爾利特基地^[17]^[18]^[19]
阿加德茲尼日爾201空軍基地（英語：Niger Air Base 201） ^[17]^[20]
尼亞美基地^[17]

敘利亞

為了訓練庫爾德反對派武裝，美軍在敘利亞境內部署大約1,500-2,000名美軍士兵，其分佈在 12 個不同的設施中。^[21]^[22]這些士兵於2019年10月從敘利亞撤至伊拉克西部。^[23]據《紐約時報》報道稱，五角大樓正計劃「將 150 名特種作戰部隊留在阿特坦夫基地」，美國正在該基地訓練敘利亞反對派武裝。^[24]此外，約200名美國士兵被部署在敘利亞東部油田附近，用以阻止伊斯蘭國、敘利亞政府和俄羅斯軍隊在該地區的活動。^[25]

根據參加阿斯塔納會談的阿拉伯敘利亞共和國代表團團長的說法，美國在敘利亞的存在是「非法的」並且「未經政府授權」。^[26]

美國陸軍基地

美國海軍陸戰隊基地

美國海軍基地

美國空軍基地

參考資料

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_military_installations

^ Department of Defense / Base Structure Report / FY 2015 Baseline (PDF). [10 October 2016].
^ Chalmers Johnson. America's Empire of Bases. TomDispatch.com. Jan 2004.
^ Vine 2017.
^ Why Does the U.S. Military Celebrate White Supremacy?
^ The Naming Commission
^ Defense Secretary Austin orders renaming of military bases with Confederate ties
^ The US Military Presence in Australia: Asymmetrical Alliance Cooperation and its Alternatives | The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus. apjjf.org.
^ America's military presence is growing in Australia. That might not be a good thing.. NewsComAu. 1 October 2016.
^ Title | 2016 Defence White Paper | Department of Defence.
^ United States submarine arrives at HMAS Stirling, Western Australia. 24 April 2022.
^ Kopp, Carlo. Basing Infrastructure Considerations in the Defence of Australia's Indian Ocean Approaches. Air Power Australia Analyses. 25 February 2012, IX (1): 1.
^ U.S. Completes Troop-Level Drawdown in Afghanistan, Iraq. 15 January 2021 [15 July 2021].
^ US to Set Up 5 Military Bases in Iraqi Kurdistan Region. farsnews. 18 July 2016.
^ بالانفوغراف.. تعرف على الجنود والقواعد الامريكية في العراق. alsumaria. 8 February 2018 （阿拉伯語）.
^ Trump' Syria Troop Withdrawal Complicated Plans for al-Baghdadi Raid - The New York Times. The New York Times. 27 October 2019 [28 October 2019].
^ Remarks by President Trump to Troops at Al Asad Air Base, Al Anbar Province, Iraq. whitehouse.gov. 26 December 2018 –透過National Archives.
^ ^17.0 ^17.1 ^17.2 Müller-Jung, Friederike. US drone war expands to Niger. Deutsche Welle. 23 November 2016. An additional US base in Arlit, about 250 kilometers (155 miles) north of Agadez, has been operating for about a year, but little is known about it, Moore said, except that special forces are presumably stationed there.
^ Taub, Ben. Ben Taub on Twitter: "Secret military base near Arlit, Niger, revealed as a white dot in a sea of black, because Western soldiers didn't turn off their Fitbits. Twitter via the Internet Archive. 28 January 2018 [15 December 2018]. （原始內容存檔於28 January 2018）.
^ Lewis, David; Bavier, Joe. Boulton, Ralph , 編. U.S. deaths in Niger highlight Africa military mission creep. Reuters. In missions run out of a base in the northern Niger town of Arlit and others like the one that led to the ambush of U.S. troops, sources say they have helped local troops and intelligence agents make several arrests.
^ Raghavan, Sudarsan; Whitlock, Craig. A city in Niger worries a new U.S. drone base will make it a 'magnet' for terrorists. The Washington Post. 24 November 2017.
^ Russia and U.S. engage in military base race in Syria. defensenews.com. 15 January 2018 [2 February 2018].
^ Anadolu Agency's map of U.S. bases in Syria infuriates The Pentagon. orient-news.net. 20 July 2017 [2 February 2018].
^ US troops leaving Syria will go to Iraq, says Pentagon chief. BBC News. 20 October 2019.
^ Assad Forces Surge Forward in Syria as U.S. Pulls Back. The New York Times. 14 October 2019.
^ Trump Said to Favor Leaving a Few Hundred Troops in Eastern Syria. The New York Times. 20 October 2019.
^ Update-al-Jaafari: We demand immediate and unconditional withdrawal of foreign forces from Syrian territory. Syrian Arab News Agency. 22 December 2017.

[BSR-2015-PERS-1] Department of Defense / Base Structure Report / FY 2015 Baseline (PDF). [10 October 2016].

[2] Chalmers Johnson. America's Empire of Bases. TomDispatch.com. Jan 2004.

[FOOTNOTEVine2017-3] Vine 2017.

[4] Why Does the U.S. Military Celebrate White Supremacy?

[5] The Naming Commission

[6] Defense Secretary Austin orders renaming of military bases with Confederate ties

[7] The US Military Presence in Australia: Asymmetrical Alliance Cooperation and its Alternatives | The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus. apjjf.org.

[8] America's military presence is growing in Australia. That might not be a good thing.. NewsComAu. 1 October 2016.

[9] Title | 2016 Defence White Paper | Department of Defence.

[10] United States submarine arrives at HMAS Stirling, Western Australia. 24 April 2022.

[11] Kopp, Carlo. Basing Infrastructure Considerations in the Defence of Australia's Indian Ocean Approaches. Air Power Australia Analyses. 25 February 2012, IX (1): 1.

[2thousand-12] U.S. Completes Troop-Level Drawdown in Afghanistan, Iraq. 15 January 2021 [15 July 2021].

[13] US to Set Up 5 Military Bases in Iraqi Kurdistan Region. farsnews. 18 July 2016.

[14] بالانفوغراف.. تعرف على الجنود والقواعد الامريكية في العراق. alsumaria. 8 February 2018 （阿拉伯語）.

[erbil-15] Trump' Syria Troop Withdrawal Complicated Plans for al-Baghdadi Raid - The New York Times. The New York Times. 27 October 2019 [28 October 2019].

[16] Remarks by President Trump to Troops at Al Asad Air Base, Al Anbar Province, Iraq. whitehouse.gov. 26 December 2018 –透過National Archives.

[DW-17] 17.0 ^17.1 ^17.2 Müller-Jung, Friederike. US drone war expands to Niger. Deutsche Welle. 23 November 2016. An additional US base in Arlit, about 250 kilometers (155 miles) north of Agadez, has been operating for about a year, but little is known about it, Moore said, except that special forces are presumably stationed there.

[18] Taub, Ben. Ben Taub on Twitter: "Secret military base near Arlit, Niger, revealed as a white dot in a sea of black, because Western soldiers didn't turn off their Fitbits. Twitter via the Internet Archive. 28 January 2018 [15 December 2018]. （原始內容存檔於28 January 2018）.

[19] Lewis, David; Bavier, Joe. Boulton, Ralph , 編. U.S. deaths in Niger highlight Africa military mission creep. Reuters. In missions run out of a base in the northern Niger town of Arlit and others like the one that led to the ambush of U.S. troops, sources say they have helped local troops and intelligence agents make several arrests.

[20] Raghavan, Sudarsan; Whitlock, Craig. A city in Niger worries a new U.S. drone base will make it a 'magnet' for terrorists. The Washington Post. 24 November 2017.

[21] Russia and U.S. engage in military base race in Syria. defensenews.com. 15 January 2018 [2 February 2018].

[22] Anadolu Agency's map of U.S. bases in Syria infuriates The Pentagon. orient-news.net. 20 July 2017 [2 February 2018].

[23] US troops leaving Syria will go to Iraq, says Pentagon chief. BBC News. 20 October 2019.

[24] Assad Forces Surge Forward in Syria as U.S. Pulls Back. The New York Times. 14 October 2019.

[25] Trump Said to Favor Leaving a Few Hundred Troops in Eastern Syria. The New York Times. 20 October 2019.

[26] Update-al-Jaafari: We demand immediate and unconditional withdrawal of foreign forces from Syrian territory. Syrian Arab News Agency. 22 December 2017.

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