祖鲁棕蝠冠状病毒

祖鲁棕蝠冠状病毒
病毒分类
（未分级）：	病毒 Virus
域：	核糖病毒域 Riboviria
界：	正核糖病毒界 Orthornavirae
门：	小核糖病毒门 Pisuviricota
纲：	小南嵌套病毒纲 Pisoniviricetes
目：	套式病毒目 Nidovirales
科：	冠状病毒科 Coronaviridae
属：	乙型冠状病毒属 Betacoronavirus
种：	祖鲁棕蝠冠状病毒 NeoCoV

祖鲁棕蝠冠状病毒（NeoCoV、Coronavirus Neoromicia/PML-PHE1/RSA/2011）是乙型冠状病毒属的一种病毒，于2011年在南非的祖鲁棕蝠（Neoromicia zuluensis）粪便样本中发现，此病毒可能是已知冠状病毒中与中东呼吸症候群冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）关系最为接近者^[1]。此病毒可能是使用血管紧张素转化酶2（ACE2）为受体感染蝙蝠细胞^[2]。

基因组

祖鲁棕蝠冠状病毒的基因组约长30000nt，编码冠状病毒皆有的复制酶（1a/1b）和刺突蛋白（S）、膜蛋白（M）、外膜蛋白（E）与衣壳蛋白（N）等四种结构蛋白，另有3、4a、4b、5与8b等五个开放阅读框编码辅助蛋白^[3]。

祖鲁棕蝠冠状病毒虽与MERS-CoV关系最为接近，但其刺突蛋白中的S1序列和MERS-CoV的差异较大，而是与刺猬冠状病毒的较为接近，有学者认为其可能为非洲的刺猬冠状病毒和蝙蝠冠状病毒重组的产物^[3]。

参考文献

^ Ithete, Ndapewa Laudika; Stoffberg, Samantha; Corman, Victor Max; Cottontail, Veronika M.; Richards, Leigh Rosanne; Schoeman, M. Corrie; Drosten, Christian; Drexler, Jan Felix; Preiser, Wolfgang. Close Relative of Human Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Bat, South Africa. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2013, 19 (10): 1697–1699. ISSN 1080-6040. doi:10.3201/eid1910.130946.
^ Xiong, Q., Cao, L., Ma, C.; et al. Close relatives of MERS-CoV in bats use ACE2 as their functional receptors. Nature. 2022, 612: 748–757. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05513-3.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Lau, Susanna K P; Zhang, Libiao; Luk, Hayes K H; Xiong, Lifeng; Peng, Xingwen; Li, Kenneth S M; He, Xiangyang; Zhao, Pyrear Su-Hui; Fan, Rachel Y Y; Wong, Antonio C P; Ahmed, Syed Shakeel; Cai, Jian-Piao; Chan, Jasper F W; Sun, Yinyan; Jin, Dongyan; Chen, Honglin; Lau, Terrence C K; Kok, Raven K H; Li, Wenhui; Yuen, Kwok-Yung; Woo, Patrick C Y. Receptor Usage of a Novel Bat Lineage C Betacoronavirus Reveals Evolution of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus Spike Proteins for Human Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Binding. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2018, 218 (2): 197–207. ISSN 0022-1899. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiy018.

[ItheteStoffberg2013-1] Ithete, Ndapewa Laudika; Stoffberg, Samantha; Corman, Victor Max; Cottontail, Veronika M.; Richards, Leigh Rosanne; Schoeman, M. Corrie; Drosten, Christian; Drexler, Jan Felix; Preiser, Wolfgang. Close Relative of Human Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Bat, South Africa. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2013, 19 (10): 1697–1699. ISSN 1080-6040. doi:10.3201/eid1910.130946.

[2] Xiong, Q., Cao, L., Ma, C.; et al. Close relatives of MERS-CoV in bats use ACE2 as their functional receptors. Nature. 2022, 612: 748–757. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05513-3.

[LauZhang2018-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Lau, Susanna K P; Zhang, Libiao; Luk, Hayes K H; Xiong, Lifeng; Peng, Xingwen; Li, Kenneth S M; He, Xiangyang; Zhao, Pyrear Su-Hui; Fan, Rachel Y Y; Wong, Antonio C P; Ahmed, Syed Shakeel; Cai, Jian-Piao; Chan, Jasper F W; Sun, Yinyan; Jin, Dongyan; Chen, Honglin; Lau, Terrence C K; Kok, Raven K H; Li, Wenhui; Yuen, Kwok-Yung; Woo, Patrick C Y. Receptor Usage of a Novel Bat Lineage C Betacoronavirus Reveals Evolution of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus Spike Proteins for Human Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Binding. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2018, 218 (2): 197–207. ISSN 0022-1899. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiy018.

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