蒙古文 (Unicode区段)
| 蒙古文 Mongolian | |
|---|---|
| 范围 | U+1800..U+18AF （176个码位） |
| 平面 | 基本多文种平面（BMP） |
| 文字 | 蒙古文（153个字符） 通用（3个字符） |
| 应用 | 蒙古文（胡都木、托忒） 满文 锡伯文 |
| 已分配 | 158个码位 |
| 未分配 | 18个保留码位 |
| 统一码版本历史 | |
| 3.0 | 155 (+155) |
| 5.1 | 156 (+1) |
| 11.0 | 157 (+1) |
| 14.0 | 158 (+1) |
| 注释：[1][2] | |
蒙古文Unicode区段是包含胡都木蒙古文[注 1]、托忒蒙古文、满文、锡伯文字符的Unicode区段。[3]:528其书写方向为
由上至下，并由左至右。在Unicode官方的字符表中该区段的字符被逆时针旋转90度显示[3]:529[4]。
胡都木蒙古文和满文[注 2]使用的字符中包括一些用于翻译佛教经文的阿礼嘎礼字母。[3]:528
Unicode标准中为该区段的字符定义了数十个变体序列，用以在无法通过算法自动判断时指定具体应显示的变体形式。[5]
区段内容
[编辑]本区段中发音不同但书写形状相同的字母被看作不同的字母，具有不同的码位。例如胡都木蒙古文字母O编码为U+1823，U编码为U+1824，但表现出的形状是一样的。[3]:530
| 蒙古文 Mongolian[1][2] Unicode 联盟官方码表（PDF） | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+180x | ᠀ | ᠁ | ᠂ | ᠃ | ᠄ | ᠅ | ᠆ | ᠇ | ᠈ | ᠉ | ᠊ | FV S1 |
FV S2 |
FV S3 |
MV S |
FV S4 |
| U+181x | ᠐ | ᠑ | ᠒ | ᠓ | ᠔ | ᠕ | ᠖ | ᠗ | ᠘ | ᠙ | ||||||
| U+182x | ᠠ | ᠡ | ᠢ | ᠣ | ᠤ | ᠥ | ᠦ | ᠧ | ᠨ | ᠩ | ᠪ | ᠫ | ᠬ | ᠭ | ᠮ | ᠯ |
| U+183x | ᠰ | ᠱ | ᠲ | ᠳ | ᠴ | ᠵ | ᠶ | ᠷ | ᠸ | ᠹ | ᠺ | ᠻ | ᠼ | ᠽ | ᠾ | ᠿ |
| U+184x | ᡀ | ᡁ | ᡂ | ᡃ | ᡄ | ᡅ | ᡆ | ᡇ | ᡈ | ᡉ | ᡊ | ᡋ | ᡌ | ᡍ | ᡎ | ᡏ |
| U+185x | ᡐ | ᡑ | ᡒ | ᡓ | ᡔ | ᡕ | ᡖ | ᡗ | ᡘ | ᡙ | ᡚ | ᡛ | ᡜ | ᡝ | ᡞ | ᡟ |
| U+186x | ᡠ | ᡡ | ᡢ | ᡣ | ᡤ | ᡥ | ᡦ | ᡧ | ᡨ | ᡩ | ᡪ | ᡫ | ᡬ | ᡭ | ᡮ | ᡯ |
| U+187x | ᡰ | ᡱ | ᡲ | ᡳ | ᡴ | ᡵ | ᡶ | ᡷ | ᡸ | |||||||
| U+188x | ᢀ | ᢁ | ᢂ | ᢃ | ᢄ | ᢅ | ᢆ | ᢇ | ᢈ | ᢉ | ᢊ | ᢋ | ᢌ | ᢍ | ᢎ | ᢏ |
| U+189x | ᢐ | ᢑ | ᢒ | ᢓ | ᢔ | ᢕ | ᢖ | ᢗ | ᢘ | ᢙ | ᢚ | ᢛ | ᢜ | ᢝ | ᢞ | ᢟ |
| U+18Ax | ᢠ | ᢡ | ᢢ | ᢣ | ᢤ | ᢥ | ᢦ | ᢧ | ᢨ | ᢩ | ᢪ | |||||
| 注释 | ||||||||||||||||
变体形式
[编辑]本区段的同一个字符可能有多个变体，Unicode使用自由变体选择符（FVS，Free Variant Selector）来选择不同变体。FVS有3个，分别是FVS1（U+180B）、FVS2（U+180C）、FVS3（U+180D）。在特定字符的后面加上FVS能够改变字符的形态，这样的字符+FVS的组合称为标准变体（standardized variant）。[3]:532[6]:33,34全部的标准变体见下表。[7]
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历史
[编辑]以下文件记录了此区段的建立目的与各字符的定义过程。
| 版本 | 码位[a] | 码点数量 | L2 ID | WG2 ID | 文件 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.0 | U+1800..180E, 1810..1819, 1820..1877, 1880..18A9 | 155 | X3L2/93-066 | N836 | Whistler, Ken, Proposal for disposition of Chinese Comments on Mongolian characters in DIS 1.2, 1992-06-27 |
| X3L2/94-086 | N1011 | A proposal about installing Mongolian, Todo, Xibe (Manchu included) scripts into ISO/IEC 10646 BMP, 1994-04-18 | |||
| X3L2/95-133 | Correspondence from the National Body of Mongolia regarding Coded character set for the Mongolian Script, 1995-10-23 | ||||
| X3L2/96-054 | N1368 | Mongolian script proposal, 1996-04-10 | |||
| X3L2/96-055 | N1383 | Ad hoc report on Mongolian script - Copenhagen meeting, 1996-04-25 | |||
| X3L2/96-102 | N1437 | Report of 3rd international Mongolian encoding meeting, 1996-08-06 | |||
| X3L2/96-103 | N1438 | Draft on encoding Mongolian character set, 1996-08-08 | |||
| X3L2/96-113 | Gang, Mao Yong, About the function of identifiers of Mongolian Proposal, 1996-11-10 | ||||
| L2/97-028 | N1497 | Moore, Richard; et al, On the Use of Control Symbols in the Mongolian Script Encoding, 1997-01-10 | |||
| L2/97-035 | N1515 | Moore, Richard; et al, Report of the ad-hoc group on Mongolian encoding, 1997-01-23 | |||
| L2/97-152 | N1607 | Mongolian proposal review, 1997-06-20 | |||
| L2/97-165 | N1622 | Corff, Oliver, Comments on Technical Issues of Mongolian in N 1515 and N1607, 1997-07-03 | |||
| L2/98-088 | N1711 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） | The Working Meeting on Mongolian Encoding Attended by Representatives of China and Mongolia, 1998-02-15 | |||
| L2/98-104 | N1734 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） | Whistler, Ken, Comments on the Mongolian Encoding Proposal, WG2 N1711, 1998-03-20 | |||
| L2/98-252 | N1833 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） | Moore, Richard, Feedback on Ken Whistler's Comments on Mongolian Encoding: N 1734, 1998-05-04 | |||
| L2/98-251 | N1808 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） | Reply to "Proposal WG2 N1734" Raised at the Seattle Meeting Regarding "Proposal WG 2 N1711", 1998-07-09 | |||
| L2/98-272 | Choijingzhab, Mongolian: China's comments to Richard Moore's feedback in L2/98-252, 1998-07-26 | ||||
| L2/98-268R | Whistler, Ken, Analysis and UTC Position Regarding Mongolian Encoding Issues, 1998-07-30 | ||||
| L2/98-369 | N1878 | Report of the meetings of the ad-hoc group on Mongolian; London; 21/22 September, 1998, 1998-09-23 | |||
| L2/98-326 | Subdivision Proposal on JTC 1.02.18.01 for Amendment 29: Mongolian to ISO/IEC 10646-1, 1998-10-28 | ||||
| L2/98-327 | Combined PDAM registration and consideration ballot on WD for ISO/IEC 10646-1/Amd. 29, AMENDMENT 29: Mongolian, 1998-10-28 | ||||
| L2/98-389R | Aliprand, Joan, RESOLUTION M35.11, Consent docket re WG2 Resolutions at its Meeting #35 | ||||
| L2/99-075.1 | N1973 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） | Irish Comments on SC 2 N 3208, 1999-01-19 | |||
| L2/99-074 | Summary of Voting on SC 2 N 3207, Subdivision Proposal on JTC 1.02.18.01 for Amendment 29: Mongolian, 1999-02-12 | ||||
| L2/99-075 | N1972 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） | Summary of Voting on SC 2 N 3208, PDAM ballot on WD for ISO/IEC 10646-1/Amd. 29: Mongolian, 1999-02-12 | |||
| L2/99-113 | Text for FPDAM ballot of ISO/IEC 10646, Amd. 29 - Mongolian, 1999-04-06 | ||||
| L2/99-254 | N2068 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） | Summary of Voting on SC 2 N 3308, ISO 10646-1/FPDAM 29 - Mongolian, 1999-08-19 | |||
| L2/99-303 | N2125 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） | Disposition of Comments Report on SC 2 N 3308, ISO/IEC 10646-1/FPDAM 29 AMD. 29: Mongolian, 1999-09-20 | |||
| L2/99-304 | N2126 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） | Paterson, Bruce, Revised Text for FDAM ballot of ISO/IEC 10646-1/FDAM 29, AMENDMENT 29: Mongolian, 1999-10-01 | |||
| L2/99-381 | Final text for ISO/IEC 10646-1, FDAM 29 -- Mongolian, 1999-12-07 | ||||
| L2/00-046 | Summary of FDAM voting: ISO 10646 Amendment 29: Mongolian, 2000-02-15 | ||||
| L2/03-065 | Nelson, Paul; Freytag, Asmus, Use of ZWJ/ZWNJ with Mongolian Variant Selectors and Vowel Separator, 2003-02-13 | ||||
| L2/03-073 | Partridge, Tim, Error Report on Linebreaking of Mongolian Vowel Separator, 2003-02-27 | ||||
| L2/03-039R | Moore, Lisa, Properties - Mongolian Vowel Separator, UTC #94 Minutes, 2003-03-14 | ||||
| L2/05-378 | Muller, Eric, Proposal to change the script property for three Mongolian punctuation marks, 2005-12-05 | ||||
| L2/10-279 | Batjargal, Biligsaikhan; et al, Mongolian Script Rendering Issues, 2010-07-30 | ||||
| L2/11-401 | Iancu, Laurențiu, Proposal to assign the Extender property to U+180A MONGOLIAN NIRUGU, 2011-10-19 | ||||
| L2/12-202 | Esfahbod, Behdad, Proposal to Add Mongolian Letters to ArabicShaping.txt, 2012-06-01 | ||||
| L2/12-360 | Esfahbod, Behdad; Pournader, Roozbeh, Mongolian and 'Phags-Pa Shaping, 2012-11-05 | ||||
| L2/12-343R2 | Moore, Lisa, Properties — Mongolian Shaping, UTC #133 Minutes, 2012-12-04 | ||||
| L2/13-004 | Esfahbod, Behdad, Proposal to change General Category of MONGOLIAN VOWEL SEPARATOR from Zs to Cf, 2012-12-20 | ||||
| L2/13-011 | Moore, Lisa, Properties — MONGOLIAN VOWEL SEPARATOR, UTC #134 Minutes, 2013-02-04 | ||||
| L2/13-146 | N4435 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） | Suignard, Michel, Presentation of vertical scripts, 2013-05-27 | |||
| L2/14-031 | Bell, Aaron; Eck, Greg; Glass, Andrew, Proposal to update the code charts for Mongolian, 2014-01-20 | ||||
| L2/15-304 | Suignard, Michel, Draft Mongolian variation selectors, 2015-08-27 | ||||
| L2/16-041R | Eck, Greg, Mongolian discussion documents, 2016-01-26 | ||||
| L2/16-004 | Moore, Lisa, C.13 Mongolian discussion documents, UTC #146 Minutes, 2016-02-01 | ||||
| L2/16-258 | Eck, Greg, Mongolian Base Forms, Positional Forms, & Variant Forms, 2016-09-19 | ||||
| L2/16-259 | N4753 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） | Eck, Greg; Rileke, Orlog Ou, WG2 #65 Mongolian Discussion Points, 2016-09-20 | |||
| L2/16-266 | Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; McGowan, Rick; Pournader, Roozbeh; Glass, Andrew; Iancu, Laurențiu; Moore, Lisa, 1. Mongolian, Comments on Mongolian, Small Khitan, and other WG2 #65 documents, 2016-09-26 | ||||
| L2/16-297 | N4769 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） | Anderson, Deborah, Mongolian ad hoc report, 2016-10-27 | |||
| L2/16-342 | Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; Pournader, Roozbeh; Glass, Andrew; Iancu, Laurențiu, 11. Mongolian, Recommendations to UTC #149 November 2016 on Script Proposals, 2016-11-07 | ||||
| L2/16-325 | Moore, Lisa, C.5.4, UTC #149 Minutes, 2016-11-18 | ||||
| 5.1 | U+18AA | 1 | L2/06-013 | N3041 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） | West, Andrew, Proposal to encode one Manchu ali gali letter, 2006-01-23 |
| L2/06-285 | N3092 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） | Supporting references for WG2 N3041, Manchu Ali Gali, 2006-03-27 | |||
| |||||
参见
[编辑]注释
[编辑]- ^ Unicode标准中，将胡都木蒙古文称为“Mongolian”，将托忒蒙古文称为“Todo”。
- ^ 满文中的阿礼嘎礼字母请参看满文#转写梵文藏文字母。
参考资料
[编辑]- ^ Unicode character database. The Unicode Standard. [2018-01-30]. （原始内容存档于2018-03-19）.
- ^ Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard. The Unicode Standard. [2018-01-30]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-25）.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 The Unicode® Standard Version 10.0 – Core Specification (PDF). The Unicode Consortium. [2018-01-30]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-03-09）.
- ^ Mongolian code chart (PDF). The Unicode Consortium. [2018-01-30]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-05-06）.
- ^ Unicode Character Database: Standardized Variation Sequences. The Unicode Consortium. [2018-01-30]. （原始内容存档于2018-09-22）.
- ^ Biligsaikhan Batjargal; Garmaabazar Khaltarkhuu; Fuminori Kimura; Akira Maeda. A Study of Traditional Mongolian Script Encodings and Rendering: Use of Unicode in OpenType fonts (PDF). International Journal on Asian Language Processing (中文与东方语文信息处理学会). 2011, 21(1) [2018-01-30]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-02-24）.
- ^ 满文转写. 太清网. （原始内容存档于2017-07-13）.