金牛座CQ
| 观测资料 历元 J2000.0 | |
|---|---|
| 星座 | 金牛座 |
| 星官 | |
| 赤经 | 05h 35m 58.467s[2] |
| 赤纬 | 24° 44′ 54.09″[2] |
| 视星等（V） | 10.48[3] (8.7 to 12.25)[4] |
| 特性 | |
| 演化阶段 | 主序前星[5] |
| 光谱分类 | F5IVe[6] |
| B−V 色指数 | 0.696+0.091 −[3] |
| 变星类型 | 猎户型变星[4] |
| 天体测定 | |
| 径向速度 (Rv) | 22.60+2.7 −[7] km/s |
| 自行 (μ) | 赤经：2.987 mas/yr 赤纬：−26.364 mas/yr |
| 视差 (π) | 6.6946 ± 0.0600[2] mas |
| 距离 | 487 ± 4 ly (149 ± 1 pc) |
| 绝对星等 (MV) | 5.92[8] |
| 详细资料 | |
| 质量 | 1.67[9] M☉ |
| 半径 | 1.7[10] R☉ |
| 表面重力 (log g) | 4.0[8] |
| 亮度 | 10[9] L☉ |
| 温度 | 6,900[9] K |
| 金属量 [Fe/H] | +0.14[11] dex |
| 自转速度 (v sin i) | 105.0+5.0 −[6] km/s |
| 年龄 | 10[9] Myr |
| 其他命名 | |
| 参考数据库 | |
| SIMBAD | 资料 |
金牛座CQ是位于黄道星座金牛座的一颗年轻变星[5]。它太微弱了，视星等的范围在8.7 to 12.25[4]，因此肉眼无法直接看到。基于视差测量，这颗恒星的距离大约是487光年，并以~23Km/s的径向速度远离太阳系[7]。它似乎是T-星协金牛4的成员[8]。金牛座CQ离黄道足够近，因此会发生月掩星的天象[13]。
这颗恒星在1948年被阿尔朱基诺夫（Artjukinov，sp？）和1949年被库诺·霍夫迈斯特独立报导为一颗变星[14]。霍夫迈斯特将其归类为类似御夫座RW变星，亮度范围从8.7等到10.5等[15]， 使其成为该类型中最明亮的成员之一[14]。G·H·赫比格在1960年发现了这颗恒星的光谱为F2[16]，到1973年，它被归类为猎户型变星的金牛T星。 [17]。在1968年，沃尔德玛律·格茨和W.温泽尔发现来自系统的微弱蓝光发射[18]。
1973年该系统的光谱图像在F型恒星上显示双发射线[19]。它被IRAS发现为红外源，并与星云相关联，这使得它能够在1994年被P. S. Thé和同事编目为赫比格Ae/Be星[20]。恒星经历不规则的亮度降低，在其他方面类似于大陵五型变星。 它有一个不均匀的吸积盘绕行着，这是发射线的来源[21]。
金牛座CQ是一颗主序前星，恒星分类为F5IVe[6]。它的质量是太阳的1.67倍，辐射亮度是太阳的10倍，表面有效温度为6,900K。这颗恒星大约有1,000万年的历史[9]，并且以105km/s的投影旋转速度旋转[6]。旨在再现星周盘分布的模拟表明，一颗距离为~20 AU，质量为6–9 MJ的行星嵌入盘中，正在围绕该恒星运行[9]。2018年的近红外观测显示，圆盘中存在螺旋结构，这与轨道行星的存在一致。然而，并没有发现任何行星[22]。
原行星系统
[编辑]在2000年，甚大天线阵的观测证明了围绕恒星运行的大质量原行星盘的范围，估计盘面中的灰尘质量为1.5×10−4 M☉[23]。量测表明，金牛座CQ周围圆盘中的尘粒已生长到最大约一厘米大小[24]，与主星相距40 AU以外的晶粒尺寸逐渐减小[25]。来自阿塔卡玛大型毫米及次毫米波阵列的资料显示，内盘中有一个里面的气体和灰尘都耗尽了的空腔[9]。孤立的、厚厚的尘埃云随机地遮蔽著这颗恒星[26]。
在2022年，探测到原行星盘中的四个旋臂。怀疑是被一颗位于偏心倾斜轨道上，尚未发现的行星扰乱了圆盘的形状[27]。
参考资料
[编辑]- ^ OMC Archive. OMC Archive. The Astronomical Data Centre at CAB. [19 December 2021]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-30）.
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. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657 . 已忽略未知参数|collaboration=(帮助) (勘误: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR. - ^ 3.0 3.1 Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch., XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation, Astronomy Letters, 2012, 38 (5): 331, Bibcode:2012AstL...38..331A, S2CID 119257644, arXiv:1108.4971 , doi:10.1134/S1063773712050015.
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- ^ Bochanski, John J.; et al, Fundamental Properties of Co-moving Stars Observed by Gaia, The Astronomical Journal, March 13, 2018, 155 (4): 149, Bibcode:2018AJ....155..149B, ISSN 0004-6256, S2CID 119256051, arXiv:1801.00537 , doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aaaebe.
- ^ CQ Tau. SIMBAD. 斯特拉斯堡天文资料中心.
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- ^ Hammond, Iain; Christiaens, Valentin; Price, Daniel J.; Ubeira-Gabellini, Maria Giulia; Baird, Jennifer; Calcino, Josh; Benisty, Myriam; Lodato, Giuseppe; Testi, Leonardo; Pinte, Christophe; Toci, Claudia; Fedele, Davide, External or internal companion exciting the spiral arms in CQ Tau?, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2022, 515 (4): 6109–6121, arXiv:2207.08587 , doi:10.1093/mnras/stac2119
进阶读物
[编辑]- Safonov, Boris S.; et al, Apparent Motion of the Circumstellar Envelope of CQ Tau in Scattered Light, The Astronomical Journal, January 2022, 163 (1): 31, Bibcode:2022AJ....163...31S, S2CID 242757117, arXiv:2111.02726 , doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac36cb, 31.
- Wölfer, L.; et al, A highly non-Keplerian protoplanetary disc. Spiral structure in the gas disc of CQ Tau, Astronomy & Astrophysics, April 2021, 648, Bibcode:2021A&A...648A..19W, S2CID 228064514, arXiv:2012.04680 , doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039469, A19.
- Assani, K., Variability in the Gas and Dust Emission of the UX Orioni Star CQ Tau, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, January 2020, 52 (1), Bibcode:2020AAS...23545101A.
- Ubeira Gabellini, Maria Giulia, The gas and dust disk around the CQ Tau pre-main sequence star, Protoplanetary disks seen through the eyes of new-generation high-resolution instruments. Proceedings of the conference held 25–28 June 2018 in Rome, Italy, December 2018: 30, Bibcode:2018ppd..confE..30U, doi:10.5281/zenodo.1893261.
- Tax, Tomáš, Asymmetric CQ-Tau Transition Disk at High Angular Resolution, Take a Closer Look, 15–19 October 2018 in ESO-HQ, Garching b. München, Germany, November 2018: 112, Bibcode:2018tcl..confE.112T, doi:10.5281/zenodo.1488994.
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- Kozlova, O. V.; et al, Structure of the inner region of the accretion disk of the Herbig Ae star CQ Tau based on long-term monitoring data, Astrophysics, January 2007, 50 (1): 26–39, Bibcode:2007Ap.....50...26K, S2CID 120401305, doi:10.1007/s10511-007-0004-z.
- Doucet, C.; et al, Mid-infrared imaging of the circumstellar dust around three Herbig Ae stars: HD 135344, CQ Tau, and HD 163296, Astronomy and Astrophysics, December 2006, 460 (1): 117–124, Bibcode:2006A&A...460..117D, S2CID 1722324, arXiv:astro-ph/0608615 , doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20054371.
- Shakhovskoj, D. N.; et al, Analysis of the Historical Light Curve of the UX Ori Star CQ Tau, Astrophysics, April 2005, 48 (2): 135–142, Bibcode:2005Ap.....48..135S, S2CID 121443460, doi:10.1007/s10511-005-0014-7.
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