克羅馬儂人

克羅馬儂人（英語：Cro-Magnon，又譯克洛曼儂人或克魯麥農人）是智人（Homo sapiens，其中包括所有現代人類）中的一支，生存於舊石器時代晚期(2～3萬年前)。原來是指發現於法國西南部克羅馬儂（法語：Crô-Magnon）石窟裡的一系列化石，現在則是指第一批在歐洲定居的早期智慧人^[1]。

1868年3月，地質學家路易·拉爾泰（英語：Louis Lartet）在法國多爾多涅省萊塞濟的克羅馬儂石窟裡發現了5具骨骼遺骸。其中的模式標本是一顆顱骨，被命名為「克羅馬儂1號（英語：Cro-Magnon 1）」。這些骨骼與現代人類擁有相同特徵，包括較高的前額、直挺的姿態，以及纖細的骨架。之後在歐洲其他地區以及中東，也發現了相同特徵的標本。根據遺傳學的研究，克羅馬儂人可能源自非洲東部，經過了南亞、中亞、中東甚至北非來到了歐洲^[2]。

克羅馬儂人在法國、西班牙等國留下大量史前岩畫，表示他們具有一定的藝術水準。

有歐洲人類學家認為，現在的巴斯克人是克羅馬儂人的直接後裔。

參見[編輯]

參考文獻[編輯]

^ First wave exemplified by: Zlatý kůň woman, Bacho Kiro, Ust』-Ishim man, Oase 1
in Prüfer, Kay; Posth, Cosimo. A genome sequence from a modern human skull over 45,000 years old from Zlatý kůň in Czechia. Nature Ecology & Evolution. June 2021, 5 (6): 820–825. ISSN 2397-334X. PMC 8175239 . PMID 33828249. doi:10.1038/s41559-021-01443-x （英語）. A female individual from Zlatý kůň, Czechia. We found that she belonged to a population that appears to have contributed genetically neither to later Europeans nor to Asians. (...) A complete genome has been produced from the ~45,000-year-old remains of Ust』-Ishim, a Siberian individual who showed no genetic continuity to later Eurasians. This contrasts with the ~40,000-year-old East Asian individual from Tianyuan whose genome is more closely related to many present-day Asians and Native Americans than to Europeans. From Europe, only the partial genome of an individual called Oase 1 and dated to ~40 ka has been recovered, and this showed no evidence of shared ancestry with later Europeans
^ Single, Rapid Coastal Settlement of Asia Revealed by Analysis of Complete Mitochondrial Genomes. Bradshaw Foundation. [2019-01-13]. （原始內容存檔於2019-07-28）.

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[1] First wave exemplified by: Zlatý kůň woman, Bacho Kiro, Ust』-Ishim man, Oase 1
in Prüfer, Kay; Posth, Cosimo. A genome sequence from a modern human skull over 45,000 years old from Zlatý kůň in Czechia. Nature Ecology & Evolution. June 2021, 5 (6): 820–825. ISSN 2397-334X. PMC 8175239 . PMID 33828249. doi:10.1038/s41559-021-01443-x （英語）. A female individual from Zlatý kůň, Czechia. We found that she belonged to a population that appears to have contributed genetically neither to later Europeans nor to Asians. (...) A complete genome has been produced from the ~45,000-year-old remains of Ust』-Ishim, a Siberian individual who showed no genetic continuity to later Eurasians. This contrasts with the ~40,000-year-old East Asian individual from Tianyuan whose genome is more closely related to many present-day Asians and Native Americans than to Europeans. From Europe, only the partial genome of an individual called Oase 1 and dated to ~40 ka has been recovered, and this showed no evidence of shared ancestry with later Europeans

[2] Single, Rapid Coastal Settlement of Asia Revealed by Analysis of Complete Mitochondrial Genomes. Bradshaw Foundation. [2019-01-13]. （原始內容存檔於2019-07-28）.

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