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維基專題:童軍/格式手冊

維基百科,自由的百科全書

本指引主要目的在於提升維基百科中童軍相關條目的專業度、簡潔度與銜接性。其中一個非常重要的原則,就是在整篇條目或一系列條目中,必須應用與採用一致的寫作格式與寫作風格。

如果容許兩種以上的格式出現時,除非有堅實的論證,否則任何一位編輯者將任一條目的原有寫作格式換成另一種,是一種不合適的行為。針對特定寫作格式進行編輯戰是不可接受的行為。如果一篇條目已有固定的格式,則不能因為除條目格式外的原因,而轉換其格式。如果不清楚這個條目的格式是否穩定,您應該以主要貢獻者所採用的格式為準。

條目名稱

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條目名稱應當為人物、組織、事件、營地與獎項的現今全名。如果是非中文名稱,應當參考Wikipedia:童軍專題/條目名稱的流程。

條目名稱與條目內容一樣,應當採取一致的來源標準。如果對於名稱有所爭議時,編輯者應當列舉具權威性與官方組織的來源文獻,而不是採取原創研究

重定向頁面

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條目重定向應只能用於該條目具有另一種名稱或歷史名稱,例如採用不同的寫法或其他原因。這類重定向應當採用不同的模板。如果是寫法、名稱更動的重定向,應當採用{{舊名重定向}}讓編輯者知道。注意,{{歷史名稱重定向}}只用於地方名稱。

消歧義

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如果多個條目具有相同的名稱,應當採取消歧義的流程。當某個條目名稱與另一個條目名稱相近時,應當創建消歧義頁面,並在該頁面新增與更新這些名稱相近的條目列表。消歧義只能使用在這些狀況之下。

童軍總會的階段或階級名稱可能會和其他總會的名稱相近,因此這些名稱必須以消歧義的方式加註國家名稱或總會名稱。舉例:冒險童軍英語Venture是一個消歧義頁面,列出了具有類似此名稱的童軍階段計畫,包含冒險童軍 (澳大利亞)英語Venturer Scouts (Australia)冒險童軍 (美國童軍)英語Venturing (Boy Scouts of America)。「童軍」這個重定向類別名稱,應當採用於具有顯著童軍主題的事物,例如詹姆斯·E·魏斯特 (童軍)英語James E. West (Scouting)

同等對待每個童軍總會

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一個地區可能有多個不同種類的童軍總會,例如:英國有「英國童軍總會」與「英國女童軍」。撰寫「國家/地區的童軍活動」這類條目時,必須包含該國家/地區境內每個童軍總會的概述。個別童軍總會的條目不應該涵蓋太多其它種類童軍總會的條目內容,以維持同等比重

讀者

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維基百科是為一般讀者所寫的,不是全方位童軍指南或操作手冊。雖然這樣寫可能會引起童軍成員的興趣,但不應該因此把他們當成主要讀者。舉例:許多讀者會將部分童軍總會所採用的「販賣部」英文「trading post」想像成一個在殖民地中成立的皮毛與貨物交易處,但實際上所指的不過是一個營地中的商店而已。

格式

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除了維基百科上正規的格式指引外,童軍相關條目也會採用童軍組織的正式格式指引。

格式指引

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以下是童軍專題所採用的正式指引:

非國家層級條目

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編輯者常會新增有興趣的地方或非國家層級主題條目,如營地或童軍團。這些條目的內容通常很瑣碎,不符合關注度指引,因而常常被刪除或合併。管理這些類型的條目會耗費有限的資源,且在討論刪除或合併這類條目的時候常會引起爭議。

我們鼓勵編輯者使用由上層往下層的寫法,擴充高層次條目的內容,進而多到讓高層次條目的內容可以拆分成小而高品質的條目。因此,一個國家層級的條目可能會產生地區性質的條目,進而產生營地的條目。童軍團、小隊等等類型的條目,除非真的符合關注度的標準,否則應當不能寫成獨立條目或寫入地區條目當中。

我們鼓勵將潛在的地方或非國家層級條目進行重定向,這能夠提醒編輯者,這樣的內容可以在其高層次的條目中進行簡要添加,這類重定應須採用相應的模板;例如大匹茲堡童軍會英語Greater Pittsburgh Council應重定向到賓夕法尼亞州的童軍活動英語Scouting in Pennsylvania。上述重定向應採用{{r with possibilities}}標籤,提醒編輯者此重定向未來可能會有潛力創建一個完整的條目。

資訊與導覽元件

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Infoboxes are used to provide a consistent summary of the subject; navboxes help readers browse through related articles. The main infobox is {{Infobox WorldScouting}} and is used for organizations, events, awards and camps; a number of other specialized templates are available for use at Wikipedia:WikiProject Scouting/Templates. Non-free images used in infoboxes should be directly related to the subject; the use of generic logos is not recommended and usually constitutes a purely decorative use.

Navigation templates specific to Scouting can be found at Wikipedia:WikiProject Scouting/Templates. Non-free images should not be used in navboxes—this is considered a decorative use.

條目佈局

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The following suggested layouts are intended to help structure a new article or when an existing article requires a substantial rewrite. Changing an established article simply to fit these guidelines should be discussed to gain consensus. The given order of sections is also encouraged but may be varied, particularly if that helps an article progressively develop concepts and avoid repetition. Suggested sections not applicable to the subject should not be included. Articles in a series should use a consistent layout. See also and External links sections should be avoided when possible by using wikilinks and references in the body of the article.

內容

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瑣碎內容

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請避免在文章主體中,加入瑣碎的資訊章節。歷史、影響或流行文化章節可以協助您組織這些內容。

過度描述細節的內容

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條目撰寫時不得包含:

  • Recipents, staff, alumni or other persons unless they really meet notability standards.
  • Detailed information presented in other articles; include a short synopsis with a wikilink to the proper article.
  • Non-notable details. Example: Do not include the number of fridges in the kitchen, construction of latrines and the like.
  • Individual campsite details within a larger camp; a short, common description is preferred.
  • Lyrics to camp specific songs or prayers not used at a national or regional level; see Wilderness Grace for a number of variations on this prayer.

規定與要求

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Articles may include the requirements for an award or advancement but should not include verbatim copies of these requirements. Most requirement lists use second person tone, use jargon and usually include prerequisites or other requirements that are defined elsewhere. Requirements need to be summarized and prosified. The article should include only general details on how the requirements may be met, but there should be proper references to a site or document that does give details. Historical requirements should be in a separate section from the current requirements.

參見與外部連結

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Links included in the See also and External links sections should be integrated into the body of the article whenever possible and used as references. Links that are already used in the body of the article or in an infobox should not be replicated in these sections.

These sections are often used as a quick and easy way to add material to an article. This is not necessarily bad, as a maintaining editor can see the worth of such a link and incorporate it in the body of the article as needed. Links must be examined as to their relationship to the context and scope of the article; if the link does not fit the context and scope, then the link should be redacted or moved to the proper article.

Formatting

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A best practice is to use citation templates to format external links. Web links should include the accessdate field; as these links age, they should be checked to see if they are still live or relevant and the accessdate updated. The proper use of templates also help to prevent titles and descriptions created by editors that may be exhibit POV and makes it easier for another editor to work a link in as a reference.

姊妹計畫

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When there is applicable material on a sister project such as Wikiquote, Wikisource or Wikimedia Commons, then the appropriate project templates should be added to either See also or External links.

主題

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如果所屬條目沒有包含主題連結的導覽模板,請在「參見」等類似章節開頭加上{{Portal|童軍}}。這適用於其他維基百科主題。

童軍團連結

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童軍條目中的一種特殊問題,就是會在國家或世界童軍相關的條目中,加入個別童軍團的外部連結。舉例:童軍團網站通常會在童軍 (美國童軍)英語Boy Scouting (Boy Scouts of America)中顯示;然而美國童軍擁有4.2萬個童軍團,即使將其中一小部分連結加進這個條目,數量也是很龐大的。

比較好的作法,就是增加一個列舉這些童軍團的外部網站連結。開放式目錄計劃是一個很好的來源,因為它包含了這些童軍團的連結,在此情況下可以使用{{dmoz}}標明。

舉例:

*{{dmoz|Recreation/Scouting/Organizations/Boy_Scouts_of_America/Troops|Boy Scouts of America: Troops}}

就會得到:

列表

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Lists should have criteria for inclusion and formatting guidelines clearly defined on the article talk page. Example: Talk:List of Eagle Scouts (Boy Scouts of America). The use of non-free media in lists usually fails the test for significance.

引用來源

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Wikipedia has three systems for citing sources: embedded citations, author-date referencing (Harvard) and footnotes. These systems should not normally be mixed; converting an article from one system to another should be discussed before changes are applied.

The preferred method is to use footnotes formatted with citation templates to provide clear references in an article. This method is not mandatory, but is considered a best practice. Using citation templates also makes the references accessible to reference management software such as Zotero. A tutorial on how to use these systems together is available at Wikipedia:WikiProject Scouting/References.

分類

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童軍條目相關的分類準則,詳見Wikipedia:童軍專題/分類

影像

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在童軍相關條目中使用影像的流程,可參考Wikipedia:童軍專題/影像。這包含了如何應用維基百科所制訂的影像方針與指引、影像品質指引與如何使用影像。

條目維護

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Processes related to maintenance such as creating, merging, moving and deleting Scouting-related articles are outlined at Wikipedia:WikiProject Scouting/Article maintenance. These processes include the use of project templates and how to announce maintenance related issues to the project community.