炎性乳癌:修订间差异

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症状的暂时消退或波动,自发或对药物或激素事件的反应不应被认为对诊断有任何意义。在某些情况下,使用[[抗生素]]或[[孕酮]]治疗会导致症状暂时消退。<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kusama |first1=M |last2=Koyanagi |first2=Y |last3=Sekine |first3=M |last4=Serizawa |first4=H |last5=Ebihara |first5=Y |last6=Hirota |first6=T |last7=Nakamura |first7=Y |last8=Matsunaga |first8=T |year=1994 |title=A case of inflammatory breast cancer successfully treated with 5'-DFUR and MPA |journal=Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy |volume=21 |issue=12 |pages=2049–52 |pmid=8085857}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yamada |first1=T |last2=Okazaki |first2=M |last3=Okazaki |first3=A |last4=Sato |first4=H |last5=Watanabe |first5=Y |last6=Toda |first6=K |last7=Okazaki |first7=Y |last8=Asaishi |first8=K |last9=Hirata |first9=K |last10=Narimatsu |first10=E |year=1992 |title=A case of inflammatory breast cancer treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in combination with intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy |journal=Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy |volume=19 |issue=11 |pages=1923–5 |pmid=1387777}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Van Laere |first1=S. J |year=2006 |title=Nuclear Factor-κB Signature of Inflammatory Breast Cancer by cDNA Microarray Validated by Quantitative Real-time Reverse Transcription-PCR, Immunohistochemistry, and Nuclear Factor-κB DNA-Binding |journal=Clinical Cancer Research |volume=12 |issue=11 |pages=3249–56 |doi=10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2800 |pmid=16740744 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Van Laere |first1=S J |last2=Van Der Auwera |first2=I |last3=Van Den Eynden |first3=G G |last4=Van Dam |first4=P |last5=Van Marck |first5=E A |last6=Vermeulen |first6=P B |last7=Dirix |first7=L Y |year=2007 |title=NF-κB activation in inflammatory breast cancer is associated with oestrogen receptor downregulation, secondary to EGFR and/or ErbB2 overexpression and MAPK hyperactivation |journal=British Journal of Cancer |volume=97 |issue=5 |pages=659–69 |doi=10.1038/sj.bjc.6603906 |pmc=2360371 |pmid=17700572}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Van Der Burg |first1=Bart |last2=Der Saag |first2=Paul T.van |year=1996 |title=Endocrinology and paracrinology |journal=Molecular Human Reproduction |volume=2 |issue=6 |pages=433–8 |doi=10.1093/molehr/2.6.433 |pmid=9238713 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
症状的暂时消退或波动,自发或对药物或激素事件的反应不应被认为对诊断有任何意义。在某些情况下,使用[[抗生素]]或[[孕酮]]治疗会导致症状暂时消退。<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kusama |first1=M |last2=Koyanagi |first2=Y |last3=Sekine |first3=M |last4=Serizawa |first4=H |last5=Ebihara |first5=Y |last6=Hirota |first6=T |last7=Nakamura |first7=Y |last8=Matsunaga |first8=T |year=1994 |title=A case of inflammatory breast cancer successfully treated with 5'-DFUR and MPA |journal=Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy |volume=21 |issue=12 |pages=2049–52 |pmid=8085857}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yamada |first1=T |last2=Okazaki |first2=M |last3=Okazaki |first3=A |last4=Sato |first4=H |last5=Watanabe |first5=Y |last6=Toda |first6=K |last7=Okazaki |first7=Y |last8=Asaishi |first8=K |last9=Hirata |first9=K |last10=Narimatsu |first10=E |year=1992 |title=A case of inflammatory breast cancer treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in combination with intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy |journal=Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy |volume=19 |issue=11 |pages=1923–5 |pmid=1387777}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Van Laere |first1=S. J |year=2006 |title=Nuclear Factor-κB Signature of Inflammatory Breast Cancer by cDNA Microarray Validated by Quantitative Real-time Reverse Transcription-PCR, Immunohistochemistry, and Nuclear Factor-κB DNA-Binding |journal=Clinical Cancer Research |volume=12 |issue=11 |pages=3249–56 |doi=10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2800 |pmid=16740744 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Van Laere |first1=S J |last2=Van Der Auwera |first2=I |last3=Van Den Eynden |first3=G G |last4=Van Dam |first4=P |last5=Van Marck |first5=E A |last6=Vermeulen |first6=P B |last7=Dirix |first7=L Y |year=2007 |title=NF-κB activation in inflammatory breast cancer is associated with oestrogen receptor downregulation, secondary to EGFR and/or ErbB2 overexpression and MAPK hyperactivation |journal=British Journal of Cancer |volume=97 |issue=5 |pages=659–69 |doi=10.1038/sj.bjc.6603906 |pmc=2360371 |pmid=17700572}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Van Der Burg |first1=Bart |last2=Der Saag |first2=Paul T.van |year=1996 |title=Endocrinology and paracrinology |journal=Molecular Human Reproduction |volume=2 |issue=6 |pages=433–8 |doi=10.1093/molehr/2.6.433 |pmid=9238713 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

== 表征 ==
炎性乳癌是一种高级别[[非整倍体]]癌,[[p53]]突变和过度表达,[[E-钙黏蛋白]]水平高,[[钙黏蛋白]]功能异常。它通常被认为是一种全身性癌症。大量炎性乳癌病例表现为[[三阴性乳癌]]。与三阴性乳癌类似,与激素受体阳性乳腺癌相反,在发病后的前三年内复发和扩散率很高,但在晚期很少(五年或更晚)。

炎性乳癌的特征是在皮肤活检中真皮下淋巴管中存在的癌细胞。因此,炎性乳癌总是分期为[[癌症分期|IIIB期]]或以上,因为这种类型的[[局限性疾病|局部]]晚期疾病是典型的预后指标。

对[[生物分子]]特征的搜索产生了广泛的可能的生物标记物,例如[[WISP3]][[基因表达|表达]]的缺失。炎性乳癌在许多方面与晚期或[[转移性乳腺癌]]在预后和治疗方面相似。它可以通过[[癌症生物标记|分子足迹]]和临床表现与那些癌症类型区分开来。在分子水平上,与[[胰腺癌]]存在一些相似性。

[[雌激素受体|雌激素]]和[[孕酮受体]]状态通常为阴性,与生存率低相对应。炎性乳癌肿瘤是高度[[血管生成]]和血管化的,具有高水平的[[VEGF]]和[[bFGF]]表达。

与它们在正常组织和其他乳癌类型中的功能相比,许多蛋白质和信号通路表现出可以被认为是矛盾的生物化学行为。

* [[小窝蛋白1]]和[[小窝蛋白2]]过表达,可能有助于[[细胞迁移|肿瘤细胞运动]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Van Den Eynden |first1=Gert G |last2=Van Laere |first2=Steven J |last3=Van Der Auwera |first3=Ilse |last4=Merajver |first4=Sofia D |last5=Van Marck |first5=Eric A |last6=Van Dam |first6=Peter |last7=Vermeulen |first7=Peter B |last8=Dirix |first8=Luc Y |last9=Van Golen |first9=Kenneth L |year=2005 |title=Overexpression of caveolin-1 and -2 in cell lines and in human samples of inflammatory breast cancer |url=https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44235/1/10549_2005_Article_9002.pdf |journal=Breast Cancer Research and Treatment |volume=95 |issue=3 |pages=219–28 |doi=10.1007/s10549-005-9002-1 |hdl=2027.42/44235 |pmid=16244790 |s2cid=850041 |hdl-access=free}}</ref>
* [[E-钙黏蛋白]]过度表达;矛盾的是,它与特别具有攻击性的炎性乳癌亚型有关。

[[三磷酸鸟苷酶Rho蛋白家族|三磷酸鸟苷酶Rho蛋白]]的过度表达可能与小窝蛋白1和小窝蛋白2的过度表达([[DNA甲基化|低甲基化]])有关。矛盾的是,[[小窝蛋白]]在炎性乳癌中促进肿瘤生长。[[NF-κB]]通路激活过度表达可能导致炎症表型。

[[表皮生长因子受体]](EGFR)通路通常在炎性乳癌中具有活性;这具有EGFR靶向治疗可能对炎性乳癌有效的临床意义。<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=D |last2=Lafortune |first2=T. A |last3=Krishnamurthy |first3=S |last4=Esteva |first4=F. J |last5=Cristofanilli |first5=M |last6=Liu |first6=P |last7=Lucci |first7=A |last8=Singh |first8=B |last9=Hung |first9=M.-C |last10=Hortobagyi |first10=G. N |last11=Ueno |first11=N. T |year=2009 |title=Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Reverses Mesenchymal to Epithelial Phenotype and Inhibits Metastasis in Inflammatory Breast Cancer |journal=Clinical Cancer Research |volume=15 |issue=21 |pages=6639–48 |doi=10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-0951 |pmc=2783487 |pmid=19825949}}</ref>


== 参考资料 ==
== 参考资料 ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

== 外部链接 ==
{{Medical resources|DiseasesDB=|ICD10=|ICD9=|ICDO=8530/3|OMIM=|MedlinePlus=|eMedicineSubj=|eMedicineTopic=|MeshID=}}

* [http://www.ibcresearch.org The Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Foundation]
* [https://www.mdanderson.org/research/departments-labs-institutes/programs-centers/inflammatory-breast-cancer-research-program.html MD Anderson's Inflammatory Breast Cancer Clinic and Research Program]
* [https://eraseibc.org/ The Inflammatory Breast Cancer Foundation]

* [https://www.mdanderson.org/content/dam/mdanderson/documents/for-physicians/algorithms/cancer-treatment/ca-%20treatment-breast-inflammatory-web-algorithm.pdf MD Anderson IBC Treatment Algorithm]
{{乳腺肿瘤}}

2023年1月14日 (六) 06:05的版本

炎性乳癌
同义词炎性乳腺癌
分类和外部资源
醫學專科肿瘤学
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

炎性乳癌(英语:Inflammatory breast cancer[1],简称IBC),也叫炎性乳腺癌,是最具侵袭性的乳癌类型之一。它可以发生在任何年龄的女性身上(并且极少发生在男性身上,见男性乳癌[2])。它被称为“炎症”,因为它经常出现类似皮肤炎症的症状,例如丹毒

炎性乳癌表现出不同的体征和症状,通常没有可检测到的肿块或肿瘤;因此,它通常不会被乳房摄影术超声波检测到。[3]典型表现是乳房快速肿胀,有时伴有皮肤变化(橘皮样改变)和乳头回缩。其他迹象包括发红、持续瘙痒和异常温暖的皮肤。炎性乳癌通常最初类似于乳腺炎。约50%~75%的病例有典型表现;不典型的表现使诊断更加困难。在某些情况下,诸如急性中心静脉血栓形成之类的体征可能是该疾病的唯一表现。

炎性乳癌占乳癌病例的一小部分(在美国为1%至6%)。[4]非裔美国人通常比白人女性更年轻的阶段被诊断出患有炎性乳癌,而且他们患这种疾病的风险也更高。[5]治疗的最新进展大大改善了预后;至少三分之一的女性会在患有炎性乳癌的情况下多存活十年或更长时间。[6]

症状

体征和症状变化很大,在“隐匿性”炎性乳癌中可能根本不存在。症状的快速发作是典型的;乳房通常看起来肿胀发红,或“发炎”,有时似乎在一夜之间发生了变化。炎性乳癌经常被误诊为乳腺炎。局部淋巴管的侵入是炎性乳癌的标志性征兆,它会损害淋巴系统并导致乳房水肿。由于乳房皮肤被乳房悬韧带(库珀氏韧带)束缚,皮肤淋巴系统内的液体积聚可能导致乳房皮肤呈现类似于橙皮的凹陷外观(橘皮样改变)。与其他形式的乳癌不同,炎性乳癌并非总能发现可触及的肿瘤。

症状可能包括:

  • 乳房突然肿胀
  • 乳房皮肤变化
  • 发红的区域,质地类似于橙皮(橘皮样改变)
  • 乳头收缩(扁平外观)或溢液
  • 乳房疼痛
  • 乳房瘙痒
  • 腋下或颈部淋巴结肿大
  • 受影响的乳房异常温暖
  • 乳房变硬

其他症状可能很少包括:

  • 手臂肿胀
  • 乳房大小可能在减小而非增大
  • 尽管在许多情况下存在显性肿块,但大多数炎性癌症表现为乳腺弥漫性浸润,没有明确的肿瘤
  • 肿块可能存在并迅速增长

大多数炎性乳癌患者不会经历所有已知的症状。并非所有症状都需要出现才能做出诊断。[7]

诊断

可靠的诊断方法是通过影像学、乳房摄影术、乳腺磁共振成像或超声波检查,这些检查通常显示可疑体征(全身皮肤水肿、皮肤增厚、肿块、疑似乳腺病变)。对疑似病变和/或皮肤进行活检很重要。然而,尽管付出了巨大的努力,还是有可能错过诊断。因此,如果仍然怀疑炎性乳癌的诊断,可以重复影像学检查和活检。

仅50%至75%的病例具有典型的临床表现;许多其他情况,例如乳腺炎甚至心功能不全,都可以模仿炎性乳癌的典型症状。

症状的暂时消退或波动,自发或对药物或激素事件的反应不应被认为对诊断有任何意义。在某些情况下,使用抗生素孕酮治疗会导致症状暂时消退。[8][9][10][11][12]

表征

炎性乳癌是一种高级别非整倍体癌,p53突变和过度表达,E-钙黏蛋白水平高,钙黏蛋白功能异常。它通常被认为是一种全身性癌症。大量炎性乳癌病例表现为三阴性乳癌。与三阴性乳癌类似,与激素受体阳性乳腺癌相反,在发病后的前三年内复发和扩散率很高,但在晚期很少(五年或更晚)。

炎性乳癌的特征是在皮肤活检中真皮下淋巴管中存在的癌细胞。因此,炎性乳癌总是分期为IIIB期或以上,因为这种类型的局部晚期疾病是典型的预后指标。

生物分子特征的搜索产生了广泛的可能的生物标记物,例如WISP3表达的缺失。炎性乳癌在许多方面与晚期或转移性乳腺癌在预后和治疗方面相似。它可以通过分子足迹和临床表现与那些癌症类型区分开来。在分子水平上,与胰腺癌存在一些相似性。

雌激素孕酮受体状态通常为阴性,与生存率低相对应。炎性乳癌肿瘤是高度血管生成和血管化的,具有高水平的VEGFbFGF表达。

与它们在正常组织和其他乳癌类型中的功能相比,许多蛋白质和信号通路表现出可以被认为是矛盾的生物化学行为。

三磷酸鸟苷酶Rho蛋白的过度表达可能与小窝蛋白1和小窝蛋白2的过度表达(低甲基化)有关。矛盾的是,小窝蛋白在炎性乳癌中促进肿瘤生长。NF-κB通路激活过度表达可能导致炎症表型。

表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)通路通常在炎性乳癌中具有活性;这具有EGFR靶向治疗可能对炎性乳癌有效的临床意义。[14]

参考资料

  1. ^ Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Questions and Answers. National Cancer Institute. 15 January 2016 [2 December 2006]. 
  2. ^ Nofal MN, Yousef AJ. The diagnosis of male breast cancer. The Netherlands Journal of Medicine. December 2019, 77 (10): 356–359. PMID 31880271. 
  3. ^ Facts for Life - Inflammatory Breast Cancer (PDF). Susan G. Komen for the Cure. [2 December 2006]. 
  4. ^ Wingo, Phyllis A; Jamison, Patricia M; Young, John L; Gargiullo, Paul. Population-Based Statistics for Women Diagnosed with Inflammatory Breast Cancer (United States). Cancer Causes & Control (Submitted manuscript). 2004, 15 (3): 321–8. JSTOR 3554049. PMID 15090727. S2CID 25585518. doi:10.1023/B:CACO.0000024222.61114.18. 
  5. ^ Gordon, L. Inflammatory breast cancer. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2001, 5 (4): 175–6. PMID 12690620. 
  6. ^ Giordano, Sharon H; Hortobagyi, Gabriel N. Inflammatory breast cancer: Clinical progress and the main problems that must be addressed. Breast Cancer Research. 2003, 5 (6): 284–8. PMC 314400可免费查阅. PMID 14580242. doi:10.1186/bcr608. 
  7. ^ "Inflammatory Breast Cancer Help—Signs and Symptoms." Inflammatory Breast Cancer Association. 2 April 2009 <http://www.ibchelp.org/symptoms/>
  8. ^ Kusama, M; Koyanagi, Y; Sekine, M; Serizawa, H; Ebihara, Y; Hirota, T; Nakamura, Y; Matsunaga, T. A case of inflammatory breast cancer successfully treated with 5'-DFUR and MPA. Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy. 1994, 21 (12): 2049–52. PMID 8085857. 
  9. ^ Yamada, T; Okazaki, M; Okazaki, A; Sato, H; Watanabe, Y; Toda, K; Okazaki, Y; Asaishi, K; Hirata, K; Narimatsu, E. A case of inflammatory breast cancer treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in combination with intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy. Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy. 1992, 19 (11): 1923–5. PMID 1387777. 
  10. ^ Van Laere, S. J. Nuclear Factor-κB Signature of Inflammatory Breast Cancer by cDNA Microarray Validated by Quantitative Real-time Reverse Transcription-PCR, Immunohistochemistry, and Nuclear Factor-κB DNA-Binding. Clinical Cancer Research. 2006, 12 (11): 3249–56. PMID 16740744. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2800可免费查阅. 
  11. ^ Van Laere, S J; Van Der Auwera, I; Van Den Eynden, G G; Van Dam, P; Van Marck, E A; Vermeulen, P B; Dirix, L Y. NF-κB activation in inflammatory breast cancer is associated with oestrogen receptor downregulation, secondary to EGFR and/or ErbB2 overexpression and MAPK hyperactivation. British Journal of Cancer. 2007, 97 (5): 659–69. PMC 2360371可免费查阅. PMID 17700572. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603906. 
  12. ^ Van Der Burg, Bart; Der Saag, Paul T.van. Endocrinology and paracrinology. Molecular Human Reproduction. 1996, 2 (6): 433–8. PMID 9238713. doi:10.1093/molehr/2.6.433可免费查阅. 
  13. ^ Van Den Eynden, Gert G; Van Laere, Steven J; Van Der Auwera, Ilse; Merajver, Sofia D; Van Marck, Eric A; Van Dam, Peter; Vermeulen, Peter B; Dirix, Luc Y; Van Golen, Kenneth L. Overexpression of caveolin-1 and -2 in cell lines and in human samples of inflammatory breast cancer (PDF). Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. 2005, 95 (3): 219–28. PMID 16244790. S2CID 850041. doi:10.1007/s10549-005-9002-1. hdl:2027.42/44235可免费查阅. 
  14. ^ Zhang, D; Lafortune, T. A; Krishnamurthy, S; Esteva, F. J; Cristofanilli, M; Liu, P; Lucci, A; Singh, B; Hung, M.-C; Hortobagyi, G. N; Ueno, N. T. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Reverses Mesenchymal to Epithelial Phenotype and Inhibits Metastasis in Inflammatory Breast Cancer. Clinical Cancer Research. 2009, 15 (21): 6639–48. PMC 2783487可免费查阅. PMID 19825949. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-0951. 

外部链接