鼠尾草属
维基百科，自由的百科全书
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 一串红 （Salvia splendens）
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参见正文 |
鼠尾草属是唇形科下最大的一个属，包括大约700-900种植物，广泛分布在全球各地的温带和热带地区，既有草本也有灌木或亚灌木，大多数品种集中在亚洲。 [1] 其中有许多品种可以入药或作为观赏花卉。[2]
鼠尾草属植物的花有明显特点，其花萼钟形，分为两唇，上唇有三齿，下唇有二齿；花冠筒形，也分为两唇，上唇完整，下唇有三裂，中裂最长；有两个能育雄蕊和两个退化的不育雄蕊；果实为小坚果。
该属植物杠杆状雄蕊（lever-like stamen）结构与传粉者形成了杠杆式背部传粉（dorsal pollination）的互作机制[3] 。
目录 |
主要品种 [编辑]
- 白鼠尾草 Salvia apiana
- Salvia argentea - Silver clary, Silver sage.
- Salvia arizonica - Arizona sage, Desert indigo sage, a purple-flowering annual.
- Salvia austriaca - Austrian sage.
- Salvia azurea - Blue sage, Azure blue sage; very big bright blue flowers.
- Salvia candelabrum - a blue-flowering scented sage.
- Salvia clevelandii - Blue sage, Cleveland sage, Fragrant sage.
- 朱唇（红花鼠尾草） Salvia coccinea
- 飞鸽鼠尾草 Salvia columbariae
- 圆苞鼠尾草 (Salvia cyclostegia)
- Salvia discolor
- Salvia divinorum - Diviner's sage.
- Salvia dorrii - Ute Tobacco Sage (mild hallucinogen when smoked)
- 凤梨鼠尾草 Salvia elegans
- 蓝花鼠尾草 Salvia farinacea - Mealycup sage, annual in temperate climates will survive mild winters
- Salvia fulgens - Cardinal sage, Mexican red sage, a red-flowering perennial
- Salvia funerea – Death Valley sage
- Salvia glutinosa
- Salvia greggii - Autumn sage, a red-flowered sage with a very strong scent
- Salvia guaranitica - Anise sage or hummingbird sage.
- 芡欧鼠尾草 Salvia hispanica - the Chia of commerce.
- Salvia leucantha - Mexican bush sage, velvety spikes of violet-purple and white, 3' tall.
- Salvia leucophylla - Purple sage.
- Salvia libanotica - Mediterranean or middle eastern sage
- Salvia longistyla - Mexican sage.
- Salvia lyrata - Lyre-leaved sage, Lyreleaf sage.
- Salvia nemorosa - Meadow sage
- Salvia mexicana - Mexican sage, medium blue to violet and lavender, 8' to 10' tall.
- Salvia microphylla
- 丹参 Salvia miltiorrhiza
- 鼠尾草 Salvia officinalis
- Salvia patens - a blue-flowering sage.
- Salvia polystachya - Chia sage, Chia seed.
- Salvia potus - Chia.
- Salvia pratensis - Meadow clary or Meadow sage.
- Salvia roemeriana - Cedar Sage; this species prefers shady moist areas
- Salvia sclarea - Clary or Clary sage.
- Salvia spathacea - Pitcher sage or Hummingbird sage.
- 一串红 Salvia splendens
- Salvia superba
- Salvia transylvanica
- Salvia uliginosa
- Salvia verbenaca - Wild clary, Wild sage.
- Salvia verticillata - Whorled clary, Lilac sage, a white- or blue-flowering perennial with the scent of Clary.
- Salvia viridis (syn. S. horminum) - Annual clary..
应用 [编辑]
鼠尾草属的拉丁名称来源与拉丁语的“治疗”（salvare）一词，在古代的地中海和小亚细亚半岛早已经应用其作为草药。[4]丹参（Salvia miltiorrhiza）都是重要的中药，美洲的印第安人也早已经知道用鼠尾草属植物作为草药，部分芳香品种还可以提取芳香油。[5][6][7][8]
参考文献 [编辑]
- ^ Kintzios, Spiridon E. 2000. Sage: the genus Salvia. Medicinal and aromatic plants--industrial profiles, v. 14. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers. Page 27. ISBN 90-5823-005-8
- ^ Clebsch, Betsy, and Betsy Clebsch. 2003. The new book of salvias: sages for every garden. Portland, OR: Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-560-8
- ^ 鼠尾草花结构与传粉忠实性研究获进展. 科学网. 2011-3-16 [2011-03-16].
- ^ Marushia, Robin, Salvia divinorum: The Botany, Ethnobotany, Biochemistry and Future of a Mexican Mint, Ethnobotany. June 2003 [2007-05-04]
- ^ Akhondzadeh, S; Noroozian, M; Mohammadi, M; Ohadinia, S; Jamshidi, Ah; Khani, M. Salvia officinalis extract in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a double blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics. 2003.Feb, 28 (1): 53–9. ISSN 0269-4727. PMID 12605619.
- ^ Dos, Santos-Neto, Ll; De, Vilhena, Toledo, Ma; Medeiros-Souza, P; De, Souza, Ga. The use of herbal medicine in Alzheimer's disease-a systematic review (Free full text). Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM. 2006.Dec, 3 (4): 441–5. doi:10.1093/ecam/nel071. PMC 1697739. PMID 17173107.
- ^ Perry, Ek; Pickering, At; Wang, Ww; Houghton, P; Perry, Ns. Medicinal plants and Alzheimer's disease: Integrating ethnobotanical and contemporary scientific evidence. Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.). 1998.Winter, 4 (4): 419–28. ISSN 1075-5535. PMID 9884179.
- ^ Iuvone, T; De, Filippis, D; Esposito, G; D'Amico, A; Izzo, Aa. The spice sage and its active ingredient rosmarinic acid protect PC12 cells from amyloid-beta peptide-induced neurotoxicity (Free full text). The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 2006.Jun, 317 (3): 1143–9. doi:10.1124/jpet.105.099317. PMID 16495207.
- A Book of Salvias: Sages for Every Garden by Betsy Clebsch, Timber Press, 1997, ISBN 0-88192-369-9. An excellent reference on salvias. Also, an updated (2004 edition) is available.
- Akhondzadeh S, Noroozian M, Mohammadi M. R. 2003, Salvia Officinalis extract in the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease: A double blind and placebo-controlled trial. British Journal of Pharmacology, Vol. 140, p22P-22P, 1/2p
外部链接 [编辑]
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维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：鼠尾草属 |
