阔嘴恐鸟属

海岸阔嘴恐鸟; 化石时期：更新世至全新世 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ▼
	颅骨
保护状况
	绝灭
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	鸟纲 Aves
目：	†恐鸟目 Dinornithiformes
科：	†东部恐鸟科 Emeidae
属：	†阔嘴恐鸟属 Euryapteryx; Haast, 1874
种：	†海岸阔嘴恐鸟 E. curtus
二名法
	†Euryapteryx curtus; Owen, 1846
异名
	列表 Cela Reichenbach 1853 non Moehring 1758 ; Celeus Bonaparte 1856 non Boie 1831 ; Zelornis Oliver 1949 ; Dinornis curtus Owen, 1846 ; Cela curtus (Owen 1846) Reichenbach, 1850 ; Celeus curtus (Owen 1846) Bonaparte, 1865 ; Anomalopteryx curta (Owen 1846) Lydekker 1891 ; Euryapteryx curtus (Owen 1846) Archey 1941 ; Mesopteryx species α Parker 1895 ; Euryapteryx exilis Hutton, 1897 ; Zelornis exilis (Hutton 1897) Oliver 1949 ; Euryapteryx tane Oliver 1949 ; Dinornis gravis Owen, 1870 ; Pachyornis gravis (Owen 1870) ; Euryapteryx pygmaeus Hutton 1891 non Pachyornis pygmaeus Hutton 1895 ; Emeus gravipes Lydekker, 1891 Euryapteryx gravipes (Lydekker 1891) Oliver 1930 ; Euryapteryx compacta Hutton 1893 ; Emeus crassus Parker 1895 non (Owen 1846) Reichenbach 1853 ; Euryapteryx ponderosa Hamilton 1898 non Hutton 1891 ; Emeus boothi Rothschild 1907 ; Emeus haasti Rothschild 1907 non Palaeocasuarius haasti Rothschild 1907 ; Zelornis haasti (Rothschild 1907) Oliver 1949 ; Euryapteryx haasti (Rothschild 1907) ; Emeus parkeri Rothschild 1907 ; Euryapteryx kuranui Oliver 1930 ; Euryapteryx geranoides Checklist Committee 1990 non Palapteryx geranoides ;

海岸阔嘴恐鸟（学名：Euryapteryx curtus），又称为海岸宽喙恐鸟，是一种已灭绝的恐鸟。

分类学[编辑]

2009年基因分析研究显示Euryapteryx curtus与Euryapteryx gravis为异名^[3]。一项2010年的研究认为两者之间的体型差异实际上是两性异形^[4]。另一项2012年针对形态学的分析则认为体型差异较大的个体属于亚种^[5]。

2009年，澳洲梅铎大学麦克·邦斯等人的分子生物学研究中，建构出如下的系统发生树^[6]：

恐鸟目 Dinornithiformes

巨恐鸟属（英语：Dinornis） Dinornis

	北方巨恐鸟 D. novaezealandiae

	南方巨恐鸟 D. robustus

高地恐鸟科（英语：Megalapterygidae） Megalapterygidae

	高地恐鸟 Megalapteryx didinus

东部恐鸟科（英语：Emeidae） Emeidae

厚恐鸟属（英语：Pachyornis） Pachyornis

Pachyornis australis

	Pachyornis elephantopus

	Pachyornis geranoides

灌木恐鸟 Anomalopteryx didiformis

	东部恐鸟 Emeus crassus

	海岸阔嘴恐鸟 Euryapteryx curtus

阔嘴恐鸟属于平胸小纲东部恐鸟科（英语：Emeidae）的物种。和其他恐鸟一样，它们的胸骨不具有龙骨突，并具有形状独特的腭。目前的研究显示它们的祖先仍保有飞行能力，直到飞行到目前分布的栖息地区才逐渐随着演化失去飞行能力^[7]。

栖息与分布地[编辑]

阔嘴恐鸟分布于新西兰的北岛、南岛及斯图尔特岛的低地地区，包括沙丘、森林、灌木地及草原^[7]。

行为与环境学[编辑]

截至2006年，半数以上收藏于博物馆的完整恐鸟蛋可能均为阔嘴恐鸟的蛋^[8]。原先被认为属于Euryapteryx gravis的蛋样本平均长度为205mm、宽度为143mm。而认为属于Euryapteryx curtus的蛋样本平均长度为122mm、宽度为94mm^[8]。

注记[编辑]

^ Owen 1846
^ Checklist Committee Ornithological Society of New Zealand. Checklist-of-Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands and the Ross Dependency Antarctica (PDF). Te Papa Press. 2010 [4 January 2016]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-06-16）.
^ Bunce et al. 2009.
^ Gill 2010
^ Worthy & Scofield 2012，第87页.
^ Bunce, M.; Worthy, T. H.; Phillips, M. J.; Holdaway, R. N.; Willerslev, E.; Haile, J.; Shapiro, B.; Scofield, R. P.; Drummond, A.; Kamp, P. J. J.; Cooper, A. The evolutionary history of the extinct ratite moa and New Zealand Neogene paleogeography (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America. 2009, 106 (49): 20646–20651 [2021-01-07]. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 2791642 . PMID 19923428. doi:10.1073/pnas.0906660106. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-04-17）.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Davies 2003，第95–98页
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Gill, B.J. A CATALOGUE OF MOA EGGS (AVES: DINORNITHIFORMES). Records of the Auckland Museum. 2006, 43: 55–80. ISSN 1174-9202.

参考文献[编辑]

Bunce, Michael; Worthy, Trevor H.; Phillips, Matthew J.; Holdaway, Richard N.; Willerslev, Eske; Haile, James; Shapiro, Beth; Scofield, R. Paul; Drummond, Alexei; Kamp, Peter J. J.; Cooper, Alan. The evolutionary history of the extinct ratite moa and New Zealand Neogene paleogeography (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 8 December 2009, 106 (49): 20646–20651 [2023-04-08]. PMC 2791642 . PMID 19923428. doi:10.1073/pnas.0906660106 . （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-04-08）.
Davies, S. J. J. F. Moas. Hutchins, Michael (编). Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. 8: Birds I: Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins 2nd. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group. 2003. ISBN 0-7876-5784-0.
Gill, B. J. Regional comparisons of the thickness of moa eggshell fragments (Aves: Dinornithiformes). Records of the Australian Museum. 2010, 62: 115–122. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1535 .
Owen, R. A History of British Fossil Mammals and Birds. London, UK: John Van Voorst. 1846.
Worthy, T. H.; Scofield, R. P. Twenty-first century advances in knowledge of the biology of moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes): a new morphological analysis and moa diagnoses revised. New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 2012, 39 (2): 87–153. S2CID 83768608. doi:10.1080/03014223.2012.665060.

外部链接[编辑]

Unmasking the secrets of the extinct moa （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.

[Brands-1] Owen 1846

[2] Checklist Committee Ornithological Society of New Zealand. Checklist-of-Birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands and the Ross Dependency Antarctica (PDF). Te Papa Press. 2010 [4 January 2016]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-06-16）.

[FOOTNOTEBunceWorthyPhillipsHoldaway2009-3] Bunce et al. 2009.

[4] Gill 2010

[FOOTNOTEWorthyScofield201287-5] Worthy & Scofield 2012，第87页.

[6] Bunce, M.; Worthy, T. H.; Phillips, M. J.; Holdaway, R. N.; Willerslev, E.; Haile, J.; Shapiro, B.; Scofield, R. P.; Drummond, A.; Kamp, P. J. J.; Cooper, A. The evolutionary history of the extinct ratite moa and New Zealand Neogene paleogeography (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America. 2009, 106 (49): 20646–20651 [2021-01-07]. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 2791642 . PMID 19923428. doi:10.1073/pnas.0906660106. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-04-17）.

[Davies-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Davies 2003，第95–98页

[Gill-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Gill, B.J. A CATALOGUE OF MOA EGGS (AVES: DINORNITHIFORMES). Records of the Auckland Museum. 2006, 43: 55–80. ISSN 1174-9202.

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