極端電影

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極端電影(英語:extreme cinema)是指電影的一個子類型,其特點是使用過度的和暴力,以及含有肢解酷刑等各種極端的性質。近年來,極端電影專注於類型片,主要是恐怖片和劇情片。

接受[編輯]

21世紀亞洲電影的日益流行為極端電影的發展做出了貢獻,儘管極端電影仍被視為以恐怖電影為基礎的流派[1]。作為一個相對較新的流派,極端電影備受爭議,並且在主流媒體中普遍不被接受[2]。極端電影的目標是特定而小眾的觀眾群體[3]

歷史[編輯]

1979年《羅馬帝國艷情史》,以其露骨的性愛場面而聞名

極端電影的前史可以追溯到對藝術電影的審查以及20世紀上半葉開始在英語市場上進行的經典剝削電影的廣告策略,以及後來對性的自由呈現[4]

「極端電影」這個名稱源自於一系列亞洲電影,其結合了極端暴力、恐怖和令人震驚的情節等引人注意的特徵[5]。極端電影可以追溯到「亞洲極端」(Asian Extreme),這個術語用於描述日本和其他亞洲電影的過度特性。早期的亞洲極端電影例子包括1998年《午夜凶鈴》和2000年《大逃殺[6]

爭議[編輯]

極端電影受到影評人和公眾的高度批評和爭議。對於這些電影中過度性化的爭議使其成為對「主流」社會標準的威脅[7]

對於現代電影中暴力的使用的增加也受到了批評。自從70年代血腥砍殺電影的出現以來,極端電影的日益流行導致了大眾媒體中的隨意暴力[8]。一些人批評極端電影讓青少年容易接觸和無意識地將其作為受眾[9]

著名電影[編輯]

著名導演[編輯]

其他[編輯]

《粉紅色火烈鳥》於2021年入選國家影片登記表[78]

《迷上癮》和《原罪犯》被BBC評為21世紀百大電影[79]

作為媒體中的其他例子,可以看到在日漫電視電子遊戲中,因為其性質與極端電影相關或受其啟發而呈現出多樣化的表現(例如《烙印勇士[80]、《權力的遊戲[81]、《回復術士的重啟人生[82][83]、2007年《俠盜獵魔2[84][85]和2018年遊戲《恐懼與飢餓》[86])。

另見[編輯]

參考資料[編輯]

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來源[編輯]

  • Lee, Eunah. 「Trauma, excess, and the aesthetics of the affect: the extreme cinemas of Chan-Wook Park.」 Post Script 2014:33. Literature Resource Center. Web. 7 Feb. 2016.
  • Review of Film And Television Studies 13.1 (2015): 83-99. Scopus. Web. 7 Feb. 2016
  • Totaro, Donato. 「Sex and Violence: Journey into Extreme Cinema.」 Offscreen7.11 (2003): n. pag. Web.
  • King, Mike. The American Cinema of Excess: Extremes Of The National Mind On Film. n.p.: Jefferson, N.C : McFarland, c2009., 2009. JAMES MADISON UNIV's Catalog. Web. 10. Feb. 2016
  • Malamuth, Neil. 「Media's New Mood: Sexual Violence.」 Media's New Mood: Sexual Violence. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Feb. 2016.
  • Fyfe, Kristen. 「More Violence, More Sex, More Troubled Kids.」 Media Research Center. MRC Culture, 11 Jan. 2007. Web. 9 Feb. 2016
  • Pett, E. 「A New Media Landscape? The BBFC,  Extreme Cinema As Cult, And Technological Change.」 New Review of Film and Television Studies 13.1 (2015): 83-99. Scopus. Web. 9 Feb. 2016
  • Dirks, Tim. 「100 Most Controversial Films of All Time.」 100 Most Controversial Films of All Time. Filmsite, n.d. Web. 9 Feb. 2016.
  • Sapolsky, Barry S., Fred Moliter, and Sarah Luque. 「Sex and Violence in Slasher Films: Re-examining the Assumptions.」 J&MC Quarterly 80.1 (2003): 28-38. SAGE Journals. Web. 9 Feb. 2016.
  • Sargent, James D., Todd F. Hetherton, M. Bridget Ahrens, Madeline A. Dalton, Jennifer J. Tickle, and Michael L. Beach. 「Adolescent Exposure to Extremely Violent Movies.」 Journal of Adolescent Health 31.6 (2002): 449-454. JAMES MADISON UNIV's Catalog. Web.

外部連結[編輯]