格陵兰语

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關於日耳曼语族的語言，請參見格陵蘭諾爾斯語
格陵兰语
kalaallisut
母语国家和地区  格陵兰
区域 北美洲
母语使用人数 约 60,000（日期不详）
語系
官方地位
作为官方语言  格陵兰
管理机构 Oqaasileriffik
語言代碼
ISO 639-1 kl
ISO 639-2 kal
ISO 639-3 kal
Idioma groenlandés.png

格陵兰语（kalaallisut）属于爱斯基摩-阿留申语系，主要在格陵兰西部流通，与因纽特语和其他加拿大的原住民语言相近。

格陵兰有3种因紐特語言：

  • Kalaallisut
  • Avanersuarmiutut
  • Tunumiit oraasiat

其中Kalaallisut從2009年一月開始成為格陵蘭官方語言。

因紐特各語言分布圖

格陵兰语有大量的后缀，但没有前缀和复合词。

參考文獻[编辑]

Bittner, Maria. On the Semantics of the Greenlandic Antipassive and Related Constructions (PDF). International Journal of American Linguistics. 1987, 53 (2): 194–231. doi:10.1086/466053. 
Bittner, Maria. Quantification in Eskimo. (编) Emmon W. Bach (ed.). Quantification in natural languages 2. Springer. 1995. ISBN 0-7923-3129-X. 
Bittner, Maria. Future discourse in a tenseless language. Journal of Semantics. 2005, 12: 339–388. doi:10.1093/jos/ffh029. 
Bjørnum, Stig. Grønlandsk grammatik. Atuagkat. 2003. ISBN 978-87-90133-14-6. （丹麦文）
Fortescue, Michael. Affix Ordering in West Greenlandic Derivational Processes. International Journal of American Linguistics. 1980, 46 (4): 259–278. doi:10.1086/465662. 
Fortescue, Michael. West Greenlandic. Routledge. 1984. ISBN 0-7099-1069-X. 
Fortescue, Michael. Switch reference anomalies and ‘topic’ in west greenlandic: A case of pragmatics over syntax. (编) Jef Verschueren (ed.). Levels of Linguistic Adaptation: selected papers of the International Pragmatics Conference, Antwerp, August 17–22, 1987, volume II. Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 1991. ISBN 1-55619-107-3. 
Fortescue, Michael. Inuktun: An introduction to the language of Qaanaaq, Thule. Institut for Eskimologi, Københavns Universitet. 1991. ISBN 87-87874-16-4. 
Fortescue, Michael & Lise Lennert Olsen. The Acquisition of West Greenlandic. (编) Dan Isaac Slobin. The Crosslinguistic study of language acquisition, vol 3. Routledge. 1992: 111–221. ISBN 0-8058-0105-7. 
Fortescue, Michael. Eskimo word order variation and its contact-induced perturbation. Journal of Linguistics. 1993, 29: 266–289. doi:10.1017/S0022226700000335. 
van Geenhoven, Veerle. Semantic incorporation and indefinite descriptions: semantic and syntactic aspects of noun incorporation in West Greenlandic. Stanford: CSLI Publications. 1998. ISBN 1-57586-133-X. 
van Geenhoven, Veerle. Raised Possessors and Noun Incorporation in West Greenlandic,. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory. 2002, 20 (4): 759–821. 
Goldbach, Ib & Thyge Winther-Jensen. Greenland: Society and Education. Comparative Education. 1988, 24 (2, Special Number (11)): 257–266. 
Grønlands sprognævn. Icelandic Council for Standardization. Nordic cultural requirements on information technology. Reykjavík: Staðlaráð Íslands. 1992. ISBN 9979-9004-3-1. 
Hayashi, Midori & Bettina Spreng. Is Inuktitut tenseless? (PDF). (编) Claire Gurski (ed.). Proceedings of the 2005 Canadian Linguistics Association Annual Conference. 2005 CLA Annual Conference. 2005 [2010-01-10]. 
Iutzi-Mitchell, Roy D. & Nelson H. H. Graburn. Language and educational policies in the North: Status and Prospectus report on the Eskimo-Aleut languages from an international symposium. International Journal of the Sociology of Language. 1993, 1993 (99): 123–132. doi:10.1515/ijsl.1993.99.123. 
Jacobsen, Birgitte. The Question of 'Stress' in West Greenlandic:An Acoustic Investigation of Rhythmicization, Intonation, and Syllable Weight. Phonetica. 2000, 57: 40–67. doi:10.1159/000028458. 
Kappel Schmidt, Bodil. West Greenlandic Antipassive. Nordlyd (Proceedings of the 19th Scandinavian Conference of Linguistics). 2003, 31 (2): 385–399. 
Mahieu, Marc-Antoine & Nicole Tersis. Variations on polysynthesis: the Eskaleut languages. Typological studies in language, 86. John Benjamins. 2009. ISBN 978-90-272-0667-1. 
Malouf, Robert. West Greenlandic noun incorporation in a monohierarchical theory of grammar. (编) Gert Webelhuth, Andreas Kathol, and Jean-Pierre Koenig (eds.). Lexical and Constructional Aspects of Linguistic Explanation (PDF). Studies in constraint-based lexicalism. Stanford: CSLI Publications. 1999. ISBN 1-57586-152-6. 
Mennecier, Philippe. Le tunumiisut, dialecte inuit du Groenland oriental: description et analyse. Collection linguistique, 78. Société de linguistique de Paris, Peeters Publishers. 1995. ISBN 2-252-03042-9. （法文）
Mithun, Marianne. The evolution of noun incorporation. Language. 1984, 60 (4): 847–895. 
Mithun, Marianne. On the nature of noun incorporation. Language (journal). 1986, 62 (1): 32–38. 
Petersen, Robert. The Greenlandic language: its nature and situation. (编) Dirmid R. F. Collis (ed.). Arctic languages: an awakening. Paris: Unesco. 1990: 293–308. ISBN 92-3-102661-5. 
Rischel, Jørgen. Topics in West Greenlandic Phonology. Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag. 1974. ISBN 87-500-1438-2. 
Rischel, Jørgen. Was There a Fourth Vowel in Old Greenlandic?. International Journal of American Linguistics. 1985, 51 (4): 553–555. 
Rosen, Sara T.. Two types of noun incorporation: A lexical analysis. Language. 1989, 65 (2): 294–317. 
Sadock, Jerrold. Noun incorporation in Greenlandic: A case of syntactic word-formation. Language. 1980, 57 (2): 300–319. 
Sadock, Jerrold. Some notes on noun incorporation. Language. 1986, 62 (1): 19–31. 
Sadock, Jerrold. The Nominalist Theory of Eskimo: A Case Study in Scientific Self Deception. International Journal of American Linguistics. 1999, 65: 383–406. doi:10.1086/466400. 
Sadock, Jerrold. A Grammar of Kalaallisut (West Greenlandic Inuttut). Munich: Lincom Europa. 2003. ISBN 978-3-89586-234-2. 
Shaer, Benjamin. Toward the tenseless analysis of a tenseless language (PDF). (编) Jan Anderssen, Paula Menéndez-Benito and Adam Werle (eds.). Proceedings of SULA 2. 2nd Conference on the Semantics of Under-represented Languages in the Americas. GLSA, University of Massachusetts at Amherst: 139–56. 2003. 
Underhill, Robert. The Case for an Abstract Segment in Greenlandic. International Journal of American Linguistics. 1976, 42 (4): 349–358. doi:10.1086/465439. 
Woodbury, Anthony C.. Switch-reference, syntactic organization, and rhetorical structure in Central Yup’ik Eskimo. (编) John Haiman and Pamela Munro (eds.). Switch-reference and universal grammar. Typological studies in language, 2. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 1983: 291–316. ISBN 90-272-2862-0. 

延伸閱讀[编辑]

  • Fortescue, M. D. (1990). From the writings of the Greenlanders = Kalaallit atuakkiaannit. [Fairbanks, Alaska]: University of Alaska Press. ISBN 978-0-912006-43-7

外部链接[编辑]

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