钙铬榴石

钙铬榴石
钙铬榴石
基本資料
類別	岛硅酸盐矿物
化学式	Ca3Cr2Si3O12
晶体分类	六八面体晶类
晶体空间群	Ia3d
晶胞	a = 11.99 Å; Z = 8
性質
顏色	深绿色至鲜绿色
晶体惯态	晶体菱形，集合体呈细粒、粗粒、致密块状
晶系	立方晶系
解理	无解理
断口	不平坦状至贝壳状断口
莫氏硬度	6.5–7.5
光澤	玻璃光泽
條痕	白色
透明性	透明至半透明
比重	3.77 - 3.81
光學性質	均質
折射率	n = 1.865

钙铬榴石（英語：Uvarovite）^[1]是一種含鉻石榴石族的物種，化學式Ca₃Cr₂Si₃O₁₂。1832年由Germain Henri Hess發現，以俄羅斯政治家和業餘礦物收藏家Sergei Semenovitch Uvarov（1765年-1855年）伯爵的名字命名^[2]。钙铬榴石與其他含鈣的石榴石、包括钙铁榴石和鈣鋁榴石等一起被歸類為鈣石榴石組^[3]，是石榴石組稀有的礦物之一^[4]。

產狀

钙铬榴石與鈣鋁榴石或鈣鐵榴石形成固溶體系列，通常產於超基性岩中，与铬铁矿共生，亦产于矽卡岩中，含有铬铁矿蛇纹岩的热液蚀变出来，也产于由白云岩石和铬铁矿反应产生的矽卡岩和变质的石灰岩中^[5]^[4]。

伴生礦物包括铬铁矿、黝帘石、透辉石、橄榄石、白云石、透闪石、石英、斜长石、绿帘石、绿泥石、方解石、铬铁矿、辉石等^[6].

特性

錳鉛榴石-鈣鋁榴石系列礦物，在低壓下可在高達1410 °C的溫度保持穩定的狀態^[7]。

產地

錳鉛榴石分佈很廣，最重要的產地是芬蘭奧托昆普（現已關閉）的銅礦，大多數博物館標本都是從那裡收集的^[8]。在 Outokumpu 地區的錳鉛榴石產於屬於富鉻的矽酸鹽相，與火山活動造成的銅-鈷-鋅硫化物礦床有關，並含異常高的鉻含量^[9]。

美國的錳鉛榴石主要在新墨西哥州、亞利桑那州和加利福尼亞州以及東部的賓夕法尼亞州的蘭開斯特縣。其他美洲產地還有古巴東部^[10] 。

歐洲產地除了奧托昆普遺址以外，還有挪威羅羅斯，芬蘭皮特卡蘭塔，意大利瓦爾馬倫科，西班牙維納斯克，土耳其，以及俄羅斯的Biserk和Sarany^[8]。在南非德蘭士瓦的Bushveld火成岩複合體^[11] 和博茨瓦納的Vumba片岩帶 ^[12] 都發現了钙铬榴石。亞洲的台灣^[13] 和日本^[14]，澳大利亞（新南威爾士州南部的鉻鐵礦礦床）都有發現過钙铬榴石^[15]。

参见

以人名命名的矿物列表

參考文獻

^ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
^ Uvarovite on Mindat.org
^ Winchell, Alexander N. (1933). "Garnet Group". Elements of Optical Mineralogy: an Introduction to Microscopic Petrography - Part II. Descriptions of Minerals (3 ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 174. hdl:2027/uc1.b3124253.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Isaacs, T. (1965). "A study of uvarovite" (PDF). Mineralogical Magazine. 35 (269): 38–45. Bibcode:1965MinM...35...38I. doi:10.1180/minmag.1965.035.269.06.
^ Howard, W.R. (2016). "Surveys of recovered Visible Gold, scheelite & metallic mineral grains and Heavy Minerals in bulk stream silts 2013–2015 (Part I)" (PDF). BC MEMPR Assessment Report. #36076: 338–339.
^ John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, and Monte C. Nichols, Eds., Handbook of Mineralogy[M], Mineralogical Society of America, Chantilly, VA 20151-1110, USA. http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/ （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. 2001-2005
^ Huckenholz, H. G.; Knittel, D. (1975). "Uvarovite: stability of uvarovite-grossularite solid solution at low pressure". Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 49 (3): 211–232. Bibcode:1975CoMP...49..211H. doi:10.1007/bf00376589. S2CID 93153558.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Cook, Robert B. (1998). "Connoisseur's choice: uvarovite Outokumpu, Finland". Rocks & Minerals. 72 (2): 126–128. doi:10.1080/00357529809603048
^ Treloar, Peter J. (1987). "The Cr-minerals of Outokumpu—their chemistry and significance". Journal of Petrology. 28 (5): 867–886. doi:10.1093/petrology/28.5.867.
^ Proenza, Joaquin; Sole, Jesus; Melgarejo, Joan Carles (1999). "Uvarovite in podiform chromite: the Moa-Baracoa ophiolitic massif, Cuba". The Canadian Mineralogist. 37: 679–690.
^ Frankel, J. J. (1959). "Uvarovite garnet and South African jade (hydrogrossular) from the Bushveld Complex, Transvaal". American Mineralogist. 44 (5–6): 565–591.
^ Mogessie, A.; Rammlmair, D. (1994). "Occurrence of zoned uvarovite-grossular garnet in a rodingite from the Vumba Schist Belt, Botswana, Africa: implications for the origin of rodingites" (PDF). Mineralogical Magazine. 58 (392): 375–386. Bibcode:1994MinM...58..375M.
^ Wan, Hsien-Ming; Yeh, Chun-Lu (1984). "Uvarovite and grossular from the Fengtien nephrite deposits, eastern Taiwan" (PDF). Mineralogical Magazine. 48 (346): 31–37. Bibcode:1984MinM...48...31W.
^ Bamba, Takeo; Yagi, Kenzo; Maeda, Kenjiro (1969). "Chrome garnet from the vicinity of Nukabira Mine, Hidaka Province, Hokkaido, Japan". Proceedings of the Japan Academy. 45 (2): 109–114. doi:10.2183/pjab1945.45.109.
^ Graham, I. T.; Franklin, B. J.; Marshall, B. (1995). "Chemistry and mineralogy of podiform chromitite deposits, southern NSW, Australia: a guide to their origin and evolution". Mineralogy and Petrology. 57 (3–4): 129–150. doi:10.1007/bf01162355. S2CID 140631372.

[”1”-1] Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.

[”2”-2] Uvarovite on Mindat.org

[”5”-3] Winchell, Alexander N. (1933). "Garnet Group". Elements of Optical Mineralogy: an Introduction to Microscopic Petrography - Part II. Descriptions of Minerals (3 ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 174. hdl:2027/uc1.b3124253.

[”6”-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Isaacs, T. (1965). "A study of uvarovite" (PDF). Mineralogical Magazine. 35 (269): 38–45. Bibcode:1965MinM...35...38I. doi:10.1180/minmag.1965.035.269.06.

[”10”-5] Howard, W.R. (2016). "Surveys of recovered Visible Gold, scheelite & metallic mineral grains and Heavy Minerals in bulk stream silts 2013–2015 (Part I)" (PDF). BC MEMPR Assessment Report. #36076: 338–339.

[”10a”-6] John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, and Monte C. Nichols, Eds., Handbook of Mineralogy[M], Mineralogical Society of America, Chantilly, VA 20151-1110, USA. http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/ （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. 2001-2005

[”16”-7] Huckenholz, H. G.; Knittel, D. (1975). "Uvarovite: stability of uvarovite-grossularite solid solution at low pressure". Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 49 (3): 211–232. Bibcode:1975CoMP...49..211H. doi:10.1007/bf00376589. S2CID 93153558.

[”7”-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Cook, Robert B. (1998). "Connoisseur's choice: uvarovite Outokumpu, Finland". Rocks & Minerals. 72 (2): 126–128. doi:10.1080/00357529809603048

[”8”-9] Treloar, Peter J. (1987). "The Cr-minerals of Outokumpu—their chemistry and significance". Journal of Petrology. 28 (5): 867–886. doi:10.1093/petrology/28.5.867.

[”9”-10] Proenza, Joaquin; Sole, Jesus; Melgarejo, Joan Carles (1999). "Uvarovite in podiform chromite: the Moa-Baracoa ophiolitic massif, Cuba". The Canadian Mineralogist. 37: 679–690.

[”11”-11] Frankel, J. J. (1959). "Uvarovite garnet and South African jade (hydrogrossular) from the Bushveld Complex, Transvaal". American Mineralogist. 44 (5–6): 565–591.

[”12”-12] Mogessie, A.; Rammlmair, D. (1994). "Occurrence of zoned uvarovite-grossular garnet in a rodingite from the Vumba Schist Belt, Botswana, Africa: implications for the origin of rodingites" (PDF). Mineralogical Magazine. 58 (392): 375–386. Bibcode:1994MinM...58..375M.

[”13”-13] Wan, Hsien-Ming; Yeh, Chun-Lu (1984). "Uvarovite and grossular from the Fengtien nephrite deposits, eastern Taiwan" (PDF). Mineralogical Magazine. 48 (346): 31–37. Bibcode:1984MinM...48...31W.

[”14”-14] Bamba, Takeo; Yagi, Kenzo; Maeda, Kenjiro (1969). "Chrome garnet from the vicinity of Nukabira Mine, Hidaka Province, Hokkaido, Japan". Proceedings of the Japan Academy. 45 (2): 109–114. doi:10.2183/pjab1945.45.109.

[”15”-15] Graham, I. T.; Franklin, B. J.; Marshall, B. (1995). "Chemistry and mineralogy of podiform chromitite deposits, southern NSW, Australia: a guide to their origin and evolution". Mineralogy and Petrology. 57 (3–4): 129–150. doi:10.1007/bf01162355. S2CID 140631372.

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