唐冠螺科

唐冠螺科
	Lateral view of a shell of Semicassis pyrum
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	软体动物门 Mollusca
纲：	腹足纲 Gastropoda
演化支：	直腹足类 Orthogastropoda
演化支：	后生腹足类 Apogastropoda
亚纲：	新进腹足亚纲 Caenogastropoda
目：	玉黍螺目 Littorinimorpha
总科：	鹑螺总科 Tonnoidea
科：	唐冠螺科 Cassidae
属与种
	见内文

唐冠螺科（学名：Cassidae）^[1]^:171，亦作冠螺科，是一个腹足纲软体动物的科，其物种为中型到大型、甚至很大型的海螺^[2]。旧属中腹足目及异腹足目，今属玉黍螺类支序鹑螺总科^[2]^[3]。

本科现时有约60个物种，例如：万宝螺（Cypraecassis rufa）。

命名[编辑]

若按唐冠螺属的学名来命名，本科的学名应作“Cassididae”，但这样就会跟另一种甲虫分类龟金花虫科的学名Cassididae Stephens, 1831 (基于Cassida Linnaeus, 1758，金花虫科物种，但现时已降格成为龟金花虫亚科）相冲。所以ICZN根据Opinion 1023 (1974, Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 31: 127-129)，接受了现时的学名，以避免重复命名的出现^[2]。

分布[编辑]

本科物种分布于热带海域及温带的潮间带，水深可达100米。日间会埋在海底的沙里，到晚上才出来活动。

形态特征[编辑]

本物种螺壳的手性均为右旋。体型通常很大。螺厣长圆形，薄而且有尖刺，能完全覆盖其长长的壳口。水管沟直或微弯。壳口外唇较厚，内里有齿。

解剖[编辑]

本科物种的外套膜很大，腹足大而且厚肉。头部有可伸缩的长鼻，可协助捕食。眼睛在一对触角的基部。

食性[编辑]

本科物种以棘皮动物（特别是海胆）为食：冠螺科物种的头部有长长的口器，连接两个大大的长鼻腺，可分泌出一种含丰富硫酸的分泌液^[4]。冠螺会先用其腹足夹紧海胆，然后再分泌酸液在其外壳融解出一个洞，再从这个洞伸进齿舌去刮食海胆的肉^[4]。

分类[编辑]

在布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类 (2005年)，作者依从Riedel (1995)，唐冠螺科仍然被列作鹑螺科（Tonnidae Suter, 1913 (1825)）之下的一个亚科（Cassinae Latreille, 1825）^[3]^[5]，直到Beu (2008)在他的著作《Revision of the deep-water Cassidae》才将本分类提升到科级层次^[6]^[7]。

属[编辑]

本科包括下列各属^[2]：

唐冠螺亚科 Cassinae Latreille, 1825 == 卵螺亚科 Oocorythinae P. Fischer, 1885
- 唐冠螺属 Cassis Scopoli, 1777^[7]^:79
- 万宝螺属 Cypraecassis Stutchbury, 1837
- Dalium Dall, 1889
- Eucorys Beu, 2008^[6]
- 粗皮鬘螺属 Galeodea Link, 1807 == 粗皮卵螺属 Galeoocorys Kuroda & Habe, 1957
- Haydenia Gabb, 1864 †
- Microsconsia Beu, 2008^[6]
- 卵螺属 Oocorys P. Fischer, 1884
- Sconsia Gray, 1847
鬘螺亚科 Phaliinae Beu, 1981
- Casmaria H. Adams and A. Adams, 1853
- Echinophoria Sacco, 1890
- 鬘螺属 Phalium Link, 1807 - bonnet shells
- Semicassis Mörch, 1852

异名[编辑]

以下各属被认为是异名：

Bathygalea Woodring & Olsson, 1957: synonym of Echinophoria Sacco, 1890
Benthodolium Verrill & Smith [in Verrill], 1884: synonym of Oocorys P. Fischer, 1884
Bezoardica Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Phalium Link, 1807
Bezoardicella Habe, 1961: synonym of Phalium Link, 1807
Cassidaria Lamarck, 1816: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807
Cassidea Bruguière, 1789: synonym of Cassis Scopoli, 1777
Echinora Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807
Euspinacassis Finlay, 1926: synonym of Echinophoria Sacco, 1890
Hadroocorys Quinn, 1980: synonym of Oocorys P. Fischer, 1884
Morio Montfort, 1810: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807
Taieria Finlay & Marwick, 1937: synonym of Galeodea Link, 1807
† Trachydolium Howe, 1926: synonym of Echinophoria Sacco, 1890
Xenogalea Iredale, 1927: synonym of Semicassis Mörch, 1852
Xenophalium Iredale, 1927: synonym of Semicassis Mörch, 1852

图库[编辑]

人类使用[编辑]

已隐藏部分未翻译内容，欢迎参与翻译。

Some helmet shells are carved into cameos, starting in Italy in 1820.

The king helmet Cassis tuberosa was the first species to be made into cameos.
The black helmet Cassis madagascariensis, also known as Cassis cameo, has a dark brown or a claret-coloured shell layer under a yellowish outer layer. This gives it an onyx appearance and makes it one of the most useful shells for cameos.
The red helmet Cypraecassis rufa gives a sardonyx-like appearance because it has sard-coloured bands under its pale outer coating.
The horned helmet Cassis cornuta produces a white figure on an orange background. It is also used as a trumpet by native Filipinos.

参考文献[编辑]

^ 赖景阳. 台灣貝類圖鑑. 猫头鹰出版社. 2005-10. ISBN 986-7415-58-2 （中文（繁体））.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Gofas, S. Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. , 编. Cassidae. WoRMS. 2010 [2011-01-19] –通过WoRMS.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Hughes, RN; Hughes, HPI. Morphological and Behavioural Aspects of Feeding in the Cassidae (Tonnacea, Mesogastropoda). Malacologia. 1981, 20 (2): 385–402 [2017-08-13]. （原始内容存档于2012-08-29）.
^ Riedel, F. An outline of Cassoidean phylogeny (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Contributions to Tertiary and Quaternary Geology. 1995, 32 (4): 97–132 （英语）.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Beu, Alan G. Recent Deep-water Cassidae of the World. A revision of Galeodea, Oocorys, Sconsia, Echinophoria and related taxa, with new genera and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda) (PDF). Héros, V.; Cowie, R.H.; Bouchet, P. (编). Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Volume 25 196. 2008-12-02: 269–387 [2020-06-10]. ISBN 978-2-85653-614-8. （原始内容存档于2020-10-21）（英语）. |journal=被忽略 (帮助)
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Dance, S. Peter. 世界貝殼圖鑑 2nd. 2008.

Abbott, R.T. (1968). The Helmet Shells of the World (Cassidae) Part 1. Indo-Pacific Mollusca 2(9): 7-201
Kreipl K. 1997. Recent Cassidae. Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden, 151 p

外部链接[编辑]

维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：唐冠螺科

http://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id402143/（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） accessed 8 January 2010
Checklist of Mollusca
ITIS
Steyn, D.G. & Lussi, M. 2005. Offshore Shells of Southern Africa ISBN 0-620-33607-2
http://www.gastropods.com/Taxon_pages/Family_CASSIDAE.shtml#CASSIDAECASSINAE（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
http://www.taxonomy.nl/Main/Classification/987895.htm^{[永久失效链接]}

[Lai_2005-1] 赖景阳. 台灣貝類圖鑑. 猫头鹰出版社. 2005-10. ISBN 986-7415-58-2 （中文（繁体））.

[WoRMS_22999-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Gofas, S. Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. , 编. Cassidae. WoRMS. 2010 [2011-01-19] –通过WoRMS.

[Bouchet_2005-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.

[Hughes_1981-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Hughes, RN; Hughes, HPI. Morphological and Behavioural Aspects of Feeding in the Cassidae (Tonnacea, Mesogastropoda). Malacologia. 1981, 20 (2): 385–402 [2017-08-13]. （原始内容存档于2012-08-29）.

[Riedel_1995-5] Riedel, F. An outline of Cassoidean phylogeny (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Contributions to Tertiary and Quaternary Geology. 1995, 32 (4): 97–132 （英语）.

[Beu_2008-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Beu, Alan G. Recent Deep-water Cassidae of the World. A revision of Galeodea, Oocorys, Sconsia, Echinophoria and related taxa, with new genera and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda) (PDF). Héros, V.; Cowie, R.H.; Bouchet, P. (编). Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Volume 25 196. 2008-12-02: 269–387 [2020-06-10]. ISBN 978-2-85653-614-8. （原始内容存档于2020-10-21）（英语）. |journal=被忽略 (帮助)

[Dance_2008-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Dance, S. Peter. 世界貝殼圖鑑 2nd. 2008.

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