副狒

副狒屬; 化石時期：上新世至更新世
保護狀況
	化石
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	脊索動物門 Chordata
綱：	哺乳綱 Mammalia
目：	靈長目 Primates
科：	猴科 Cercopithecidae
亞科：	獼猴亞科 Cercopithecinae
族：	狒狒族 Papionini
屬：	†副狒屬 Parapapio; Jones, 1937
種
	P. jonesi; P. whitei; P. broomi; P. antiquus;

副狒（Parapapio）是一屬史前的狒狒，外表像森林的白瞼猴。副狒與狒狒不同的是，牠的眉嵴很窄，沒有犬齒窩或矢狀嵴，只有少許兩性異形。^[1]

現時已知有四個副狒的物種，包括P. jonesi、P. whitei、P. broomi及P. antiquus，但這些分類卻仍有一些爭議。傳統上，這些物種都只在臼齒的大小來作出分野，如P. jonesi的臼齒最細小，P. whitei的則最大，但是P. broomi的臼齒差異卻與這兩種副狒一致。^[2]P. jonesi的鼻端較P. whitei的更為方形，但較Pp. broomi為圓。這些分野實在太微小，故有需要更完善的分類條件。^[1]

雖然一些學者指副狒分類有問題，但卻不贊成重新分類。這是由於P. broomi與P. jonesi的平均牙齒大小或同位素特徵沒有明顯差異^[3]，這顯示牠們可能是兩性異形的同一物種。^[4]但是P. broomi及P. whitei的差異範圍重疊，並且沒有統計學上的差異^[5]，故有建議指牠們其實是同一物種。^[2]更複雜的是，P. jonesi的標本在面部特徵上都與其他副狒有明顯不同。

參考[編輯]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Frost, S. R. and E. Delson. Fossil Cercopithecidae from the Hadar Formation and surrounding areas of the Afar Depression, Ethiopia. Journal of Human Evolution. 2002, 43: 687–748.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 F.L. Williams, R. R. A., S.R. Leigh. Inferring Plio-Pleistocene southern African biochronology from facial affinities in Parapapio and other fossil papionins. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 2006.
^ Thackeray, F., D. Codron; et al. Stable carbon isotope analyses of Parapapio tooth enamel from Sterkfontein and Swartkrans. South African Journal of Science. 2005, 110: 483–484.
^ Thackeray, F. and S. Myer. Parapapio broomi and Parapapio jonesi from Sterkfontein: males and females of one species?. Annals of the Transvaal Museum. 2004, 41: 79–82.
^ Frost, S. R., L. F. Marcus; et al. Cranial allometry, phylogeography, and systematics of large-bodied papionins (primates: Cercopithecinae) inferred from geometric morphometric analysis of landmark data. The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology. 2003, 275A (2): 1048–1072.

外部連結[編輯]

[Frost_and_Delson_(2002)-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Frost, S. R. and E. Delson. Fossil Cercopithecidae from the Hadar Formation and surrounding areas of the Afar Depression, Ethiopia. Journal of Human Evolution. 2002, 43: 687–748.

[Williams_et_al._(2006)-2] 2.0 ^2.1 F.L. Williams, R. R. A., S.R. Leigh. Inferring Plio-Pleistocene southern African biochronology from facial affinities in Parapapio and other fossil papionins. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 2006.

[Thackary_et_al._(2005)-3] Thackeray, F., D. Codron; et al. Stable carbon isotope analyses of Parapapio tooth enamel from Sterkfontein and Swartkrans. South African Journal of Science. 2005, 110: 483–484.

[Thackary_and_Myer_(2004)-4] Thackeray, F. and S. Myer. Parapapio broomi and Parapapio jonesi from Sterkfontein: males and females of one species?. Annals of the Transvaal Museum. 2004, 41: 79–82.

[frost2003-5] Frost, S. R., L. F. Marcus; et al. Cranial allometry, phylogeography, and systematics of large-bodied papionins (primates: Cercopithecinae) inferred from geometric morphometric analysis of landmark data. The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology. 2003, 275A (2): 1048–1072.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]