表皮生長因子受體
外觀
表皮生長因子受體(英語:epidermal growth factor receptor,簡稱為EGFR、ErbB-1或HER1)是一類名為表皮生長因子家族(EGF-家族)的細胞外蛋白配體的細胞表面受體[2] 。
表皮生長因子受體是ErbB受體家族家族的成員之一,ErbB家族是包含四種緊密聯繫蛋白的亞家族,這四種蛋白分別是受體酪氨酸激酶類:EGFR(ErbB-1)、HER2/c-neu(ErbB-2)、Her 3(ErbB-3)以及Her 4(ErbB-4)。影響EGFR表達或活性的突變可能導致癌症[3]。
表皮生長因子及其受體是由范德堡大學的斯坦利·科恩發現的,科恩與麗塔·列維-蒙塔爾奇尼因發現生長因子類而共同獲得了1986年諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎。
功能
[編輯]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/EGFR_signaling_pathway_%28zh-cn%29.svg/220px-EGFR_signaling_pathway_%28zh-cn%29.svg.png)
表皮生長因子受體(EGFR)存在於細胞表面且因結合特異性受體而被活化,這些受體包括表皮生長因子和轉化生長因子-α。ErbB2並無已知的直接活化配體,可能結構性地處於活化狀態,或在與如EGFR等其他家族成員形成異源二聚體時被活化。 除了參與正常的生理功能之外,EGFR在癌症中同樣扮演了重要的角色,以非小細胞性肺癌(NSCLC)為例,在全球患有非小細胞性肺癌的病患中,高達20%都表現了EGFR基因的突變,所以目前的藥物多朝向EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor去做設計,以期達到治療的效果。 [4] 目前發現具有EGFR突變型的NSCLC癌細胞會對tyrosine kinase inhibitor產生抗藥作用,這個抗藥作用可能來自於其中細胞大量的endothelin表現,進而使腫瘤組織血管收縮,降低了抗癌藥物的灌流,產生類似抗藥性的效果。 [5]
參考文獻
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深入閱讀
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外部連結
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