莫森氏鱼属
莫森氏鱼属![]() | |
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莫森氏鱼未定种的颅骨化石 | |
科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
纲: | 腔棘鱼纲 Coelacanthimorpha |
目: | 腔棘鱼目 Coelacanthiformes |
科: | †莫森氏鱼科 Mawsoniidae |
属: | †莫森氏鱼属 Mawsonia Woodward, 1907 |
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莫森氏鱼属(学名:Mawsonia)为史前时代腔棘鱼中已灭绝的一个属,为目前已知体型最大的腔棘鱼,体长可达5.3米(17.4英尺)[2]。牠们生存于侏罗纪晚期至白垩纪中期(提通期至森诺曼期,约1.52亿年至9,600万年前)的南美洲、北美洲东部及非洲的淡水与半咸水水域中。本属是由英国古生物学家亚瑟·史密斯·伍德沃德于1907年进行发表与命名[3]。
描述
[编辑]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/MawsoniaDB16.jpg/220px-MawsoniaDB16.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Mawsonia_scaling.png/220px-Mawsonia_scaling.png)
莫森氏鱼的体长可超过3.5米(11英尺),其中最大的样本估计体长可达5米(16英尺),与同属于莫森氏鱼科的粗首鱼属体型相当[4][5][2]。牠们口内无明显的牙齿,仅具有约1至2 mm(0.039至0.079英寸)长的小齿[6]。
分类学
[编辑]莫森氏鱼最早是由英国古生物学家亚瑟·史密斯·伍德沃德于1907年发表与命名,所依据的是发现于巴西巴伊亚州岛屿组地层年代属白垩纪早期的一具化石样本。 莫森氏鱼的化石发现于南美洲巴西的巴伊亚组、罗穆阿尔多组、奥坎塔拉组、布雷茹桑托组与旧米桑组与乌拉圭的塔夸伦博组[6];非洲阿尔及利亚与突尼斯的陆间组、突尼斯的艾因埃尔盖塔组、摩洛哥的卡玛卡玛群、喀麦隆的Babouri Figuil盆地,地层年代横跨侏罗纪晚期至白垩纪晚期;美国德克萨斯州的木藤组与阿帕拉契古陆[7][8]。
莫森氏鱼属的模式种为巨型莫森氏鱼(M. gigas),在这之后则陆续有数个种被命名,包括巴西莫森氏鱼(M. brasiliensis)、利比斯莫森氏鱼(M. libyca)、小莫森氏鱼(M. minor)、乌班吉莫森氏鱼(M. ubangiensis),但也有学者认为这些均为巨型莫森氏鱼的异名[5][9]。2014年雷欧·夫拉哥索针对莫森氏鱼的论文[10]认为巴西莫森氏鱼为有效名,并认为小莫森氏鱼应也属有效名。近年来的研究也多承认巴西莫森氏鱼为有效名[9][11][12][13]。而原先被认为属于莫森氏鱼属的拉氏莫森氏鱼,则被认为实际上应属于阿塞洛鱼属[13][14]。
环境学
[编辑]莫森氏鱼栖息于淡水与半咸水的水域中[15]。目前仍未确定牠们的食性,但推测莫森氏鱼可能为食壳性,透过口中的小齿来咬碎一些具坚硬外壳的小型无脊椎动物[16];也有可能是透过吸食方式直接吞下整个猎物[17]。
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ Sereno, P. C.; Dutheil, D. B.; Iarochene, M.; Larsson HCE; Lyon, G. H.; Magwene, P. M.; Sidor, C. A.; Varricchio, D. J.; Wilson, J. A. Predatory Dinosaurs from the Sahara and Late Cretaceous Faunal Differentiation. Science. 1996, 272 (5264): 986–91. Bibcode:1996Sci...272..986S. PMID 8662584. doi:10.1126/science.272.5264.986.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Cavin, Lionel; Piuz, André; Ferrante, Christophe; Guinot, Guillaume. Giant Mesozoic coelacanths (Osteichthyes, Actinistia) reveal high body size disparity decoupled from taxic diversity. Scientific Reports. 2021-06-03, 11 (1): 11812. Bibcode:2021NatSR..1111812C. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 8175595
. PMID 34083600. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-90962-5 (英语).
- ^ Mawsonia (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) at Fossilworks.org
- ^ Dutel, Hugo; Pennetier, Elisabeth; Pennetier, Gérard. A giant marine coelacanth from the Jurassic of Normandy, France. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2014-07-29, 34 (5): 1239–1242 [2023-02-20]. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 130632357. doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.838176. (原始内容存档于2021-08-19).
- ^ 5.0 5.1 de Carvalho, Marise S. S.; Maisey, John G. New occurrence of Mawsonia (Sarcopterygii: Actinistia) from the Early Cretaceous of the Sanfranciscana Basin, Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 2008, 295 (1): 109–144 [2023-02-20]. Bibcode:2008GSLSP.295..109D. ISSN 0305-8719. S2CID 73613846. doi:10.1144/sp295.8. (原始内容存档于2023-02-20).
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Toriño, Pablo; Soto, Matías; Perea, Daniel; Salgado de Carvalho, Marise Sardenberg. New findings of the coelacanth Mawsonia Woodward (Actinistia, Latimerioidei) from the Late Jurassic – Early Cretaceous of Uruguay: Novel anatomical and taxonomic considerations and an emended diagnosis for the genus. Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 1 April 2021, 107: 103054 [2023-02-20]. Bibcode:2021JSAES.10703054T. ISSN 0895-9811. S2CID 229397087. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2020.103054. (原始内容存档于2021-12-18) (英语).
- ^ Cavin L, Toriño P, Van Vranken N, Carter B, Polcyn MJ, Winkler D (2021) The first late cretaceous mawsoniid coelacanth (Sarcopterygii: Actinistia) from North America: Evidence of a lineage of extinct ‘living fossils’ (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). PLoS ONE 16(11): e0259292. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259292 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ Visiting instructor part of fossil fish team. [2023-02-20]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-24).
- ^ 9.0 9.1 Cupello, Camila; Batista, Thatiany A.; Fragoso, Léo G.; Brito, Paulo M. Mawsoniid remains (Sarcopterygii: Actinistia) from the lacustrine Missão Velha Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of the Araripe Basin, North-East Brazil. Cretaceous Research. 2016-10-01, 65: 10–16 [2023-02-20]. ISSN 0195-6671. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2016.04.009. (原始内容存档于2021-03-11) (英语).
- ^ Fragoso, Léo. Revisão do Ramo Gondwânico da família Mawsoniidae (Sarcopterygii: Actinistia: Coelacanthiformes). Doctoral Dissertation, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. 2014 [2023-02-20]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-17).
- ^ Batista, Thatiany Alencar; Bantim, Renan Alfredo Machado; Lima, Flaviana Jorge de; Santos Filho, Edilson Bezerra dos; Saraiva, Antônio Álamo Feitosa. New data on the coelacanth fish-fauna (Mawsoniidae) from the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of Araripe Basin, Brazil. Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 2019-11-01, 95: 102280 [2023-02-20]. Bibcode:2019JSAES..9502280B. ISSN 0895-9811. S2CID 199106397. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2019.102280. (原始内容存档于2022-06-05) (英语).
- ^ Cavin, Lionel; Cupello, Camila; Yabumoto, Yoshitaka; Léo, Fragoso; Deersi, Uthumporn; Brito, Paul M. Phylogeny and evolutionary history of mawsoniid coelacanths (PDF). Bulletin of the Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History, Series A. 2019, 17: 3–13 [2023-02-20]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-02-20).
- ^ 13.0 13.1 Fragoso, Léo Galvão Crainer; Brito, Paulo; Yabumoto, Yoshitaka. Axelrodichthys araripensis Maisey, 1986 revisited. Historical Biology. 2019-11-26, 31 (10): 1350–1372 [2023-02-20]. ISSN 0891-2963. S2CID 89795160. doi:10.1080/08912963.2018.1454443. (原始内容存档于2023-02-20).
- ^ Ibrahim, Nizar; Sereno, Paul C.; Varricchio, David J.; Martill, David M.; Dutheil, Didier B.; Unwin, David M.; Baidder, Lahssen; Larsson, Hans C. E.; Zouhri, Samir; Kaoukaya, Abdelhadi. Geology and paleontology of the Upper Cretaceous Kem Kem Group of eastern Morocco. ZooKeys. 2020-04-21, (928): 1–216 [2023-02-20]. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 7188693
. PMID 32362741. doi:10.3897/zookeys.928.47517
. (原始内容存档于2022-03-24).
- ^ Meunier, François J.; Cupello, Camila; Yabumoto, Yoshikata; Brito, Paulo M. The diet of the Early Cretaceous coelacanth †Axelrodichthys araripensis Maisey, 1986 (Actinistia: Mawsoniidae). 2018 [2023-02-20]. doi:10.26028/CYBIUM/2018-421-011. (原始内容存档于2021-05-18).
- ^ Barbara S. Grandstaff, Joshua Smith, Matthew Lamanna, Allison Tumarkin-Deratzian, Joshua B Smith, Matthew Lamanna, Allison Tumarkin-Deratzian (2004) Cranial Kinesis and Diet in Mawsonia (Actinistia, Coelanthiformes)
- ^ Cavin, Lionel; Boudad, Larbi; Tong, Haiyan; Läng, Emilie; Tabouelle, Jérôme; Vullo, Romain. Taxonomic Composition and Trophic Structure of the Continental Bony Fish Assemblage from the Early Late Cretaceous of Southeastern Morocco. PLOS ONE. 2015-05-27, 10 (5): e0125786. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1025786C. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4446216
. PMID 26018561. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0125786
(英语).
延伸阅读
[编辑]- Fishes of the World by Joseph S. Nelson
- History of the Coelacanth Fishes by Peter Forey
- Discovering Fossil Fishes by John Maisey and John G. Maisey
- The Rise of Fishes: 500 Million Years of Evolution by John A. Long
- Evolution of Fossil Ecosystems by Paul Selden and John Nudds
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