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许蕾姆苏丹

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维基百科,自由的百科全书
许蕾姆苏丹
Hürrem Sultan
خرم سلطان
提香所绘的许蕾姆苏丹画像,约1550年
奥斯曼帝国苏丹后
在位1533/1534年 – 1558年4月15日
前任无,新头衔
继任努尔巴努苏丹
出生 1502–04年
波兰王国罗加京
逝世1558年4月15日 (约 53–56岁)
奥斯曼帝国伊斯坦堡托卡比皇宫
安葬
配偶苏莱曼一世
子嗣
父亲Havrylo Lisowski[1]
宗教信仰在出生时受洗为东正教徒,后皈依伊斯兰教逊尼派

罗克塞拉娜(Roxelana,1502年—1558年4月15日),土耳其语许蕾姆(Hürrem,意为“高兴者”),阿拉伯语卡里玛(كريمة,意为“尊贵者”),奥斯曼帝国苏丹苏莱曼一世苏丹皇后英语Haseki Sultan

罗克塞拉娜原名已不可考,但在19世纪乌克兰民间传说中,她被称为“安娜斯塔西娅”,波兰传说则称其为“亚历山德拉·利索斯卡”,在其他欧洲语言中通称其为柔克塞拉娜,意为“来自罗塞尼亚的女郎”[2]

柔克塞拉娜出身于一个罗加京(当时属于波兰)附近的一个乌克兰东正教家庭。在一次克里米亚汗国对当地的劫掠中被掠为奴,并被售往伊斯坦堡,因为颇有几分姿色,她被挑选进入苏丹的后宫。很快她就获得了苏莱曼一世的宠爱。在一次后宫的争宠过程中,柔克塞拉娜被苏丹宠妃居尔巴哈尔苏丹殴打,盛怒之下的苏莱曼一世立即将居尔巴哈尔苏丹,连同她的爱子穆斯塔法皇子(当时的王储)一同流放,后又将穆斯塔法处死。

柔克塞拉娜为苏莱曼生了6个孩子,其后更是令人吃惊地成为他的正室。在其影响下,终其一生奥斯曼帝国和其祖国波兰都保持了和平。苏莱曼一世逝世后,柔克塞拉娜的儿子塞利姆二世继承了苏丹宝座。

柔克塞拉娜在伊斯坦堡、耶路撒冷麦加等地修建了大量的公共建筑,著名的有许蕾姆苏丹公共浴场等。

柔克塞拉娜传奇的一生成为许多艺术作品的题材,其中有名的有约瑟夫·海顿的63号交响曲等;在近世将近200年的时间里,她是成为乌克兰土耳其许多小说电视剧的女主角,不过她的一生和成就相对其原生存时代来说仅属于例外[3]

图集

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注释

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  1. ^ Dr Galina I Yermolenko. Roxolana in European Literature, History and Culturea. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 2013: 275 [2018-05-27]. ISBN 978-1-409-47611-5. (原始内容存档于2020-10-31). 
  2. ^ 4 Reasons Why Hurrem Sultan and Empress Ki were similar (Part 1). Hyped For History. 2022-09-13 [2022-09-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-09-22) (英语). 
  3. ^ Plokhy, Serhii. 欧洲之门 乌克兰2000年史. 北京: 中信出版社. 2019. ISBN 9787508671185. 

延伸阅读

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  • Leslie Peirce. Empress of the East: How a European Slave Girl Became Queen of the Ottoman Empire. New York Basic Books, 2017. ISBN 978-0-465-03251-8.
  • There are many historical novels in English about Roxelana: P.J. Parker's Roxelana and Suleyman [1] (2012; Revised 2016); Barbara Chase Riboud's Valide (1986); Alum Bati's Harem Secrets (2008); Colin Falconer, Aileen Crawley (1981–83), and Louis Gardel (2003); Pawn in Frankincense, the fourth book of the Lymond Chronicles by Dorothy Dunnett; and pulp fiction author Robert E. Howard in The Shadow of the Vulture imagined Roxelana to be sister to its fiery-tempered female protagonist, Red Sonya.
  • David Chataignier, "Roxelane on the French Tragic Stage (1561-1681)" in Fortune and Fatality: Performing the Tragic in Early Modern France, ed. Desmond Hosford and Charles Wrightington (Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2008), 95-117.
  • Thomas M. Prymak, "Roxolana: Wife of Suleiman the Magnificent," Nashe zhyttia/Our Life, LII, 10 (New York, 1995), 15–20. An illustrated popular-style article in English with a bibliography.
  • Zygmunt Abrahamowicz, "Roksolana," Polski Slownik Biograficzny, vo. XXXI (Wroclaw-etc., 1988–89), 543–5. A well-informed article in Polish by a distinguished Polish Turkologist.
  • Galina Yermolenko, "Roxolana: The Greatest Empresse of the East," The Muslim World, 95, 2 (2005), 231–48. Makes good use of European, especially Italian, sources and is familiar with the literature in Ukrainian and Polish.
  • Galina Yermolenko (ed.), Roxolana in European Literature, History and Culture (Farmham, UK: Ashgate, 2010). 318 pp. Illustrated. Contains important articles by Oleksander Halenko and others, as well as several translations of works about Roxelana from various European literatures, and an extensive bibliography.
  • For Ukrainian language novels, see Osyp Nazaruk (1930) (English translation is available),[2] Mykola Lazorsky (1965), Serhii Plachynda (1968), and Pavlo Zahrebelnyi (1980).
  • There have been novels written in other languages: in French, a fictionalized biography by Willy Sperco (1972); in German, a novel by Johannes Tralow (1944, reprinted many times); a very detailed novel in Serbo-Croatian by Radovan Samardzic (1987); one in Turkish by Ulku Cahit (2001).

外部链接

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  1. ^ Roxelana and Suleyman. www.facebook.com. [2019-11-26]. (原始内容存档于2017-01-14). 
  2. ^ Nazaruk, Osyp. Roxelana. [2019-11-26]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-02) –通过Amazon.