输卵管结扎

输卵管结扎
Tubal ligation / Tubectomy
输卵管结扎; Tubal ligation / Tubectomy
背景
生育控制种类	绝育
初次使用日期	1930年
失败比率 (第一年)
完美使用	0.5%
一般使用	0.5%
用法
持续期间	永久性
可逆性	有时可以
注意事项	无
优点及缺点
是否可以防止性传播疾病	不行
风险	手术及手术后的并发症

输卵管结扎（Tubal ligation或tubectomy），也称为输卵管切除术或是女性结扎，是针对女性的两个输卵管进行的避孕手术，可能是将输卵管夹紧和阻住，或是破坏输卵管的一小段并且封合一端（或两端），手术的目的是为了让卵巢产生的卵子无法到达子宫着床。输卵管切除术是生育控制的一种方式，属于永久式的绝育。

医疗用途

输卵管结扎是女性的绝育方式之一，让手术后的女性无法自然怀孕。子宫切除术或是卵巢切除术（英语：oophorectomy）也可达到相同效果，但这二个手术的风险比输卵管结扎要高^[2]^[3]

有时，若患者有会增加卵巢癌或输卵癌风险的基因，例如BRCA1或BRCA2，也会进行此一手术。因为此一手术仍然会有绝育的效果，此手术会优先用在已完成生育的患者，有可能会同时进行卵巢切除术^[4]。

参考资料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Trussell, James. Contraceptive efficacy. Hatcher, Robert A.; Trussell, James; Nelson, Anita L.; Cates, Willard Jr.; Kowal, Deborah; Policar, Michael S. (eds.) (编). Contraceptive technology 20th revised. New York: Ardent Media. 2011: 779–863. ISBN 978-1-59708-004-0. ISSN 0091-9721. OCLC 781956734. Table 26–1 = Table 3–2 Percentage of women experiencing an unintended pregnancy during the first year of typical use and the first year of perfect use of contraception, and the percentage continuing use at the end of the first year. United States. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
^ Clarke-Pearson, Daniel L.; Geller, Elizabeth J. Complications of Hysterectomy. Obstetrics & Gynecology. March 2013, 121 (3): 654–673. ISSN 0029-7844. PMID 23635631. S2CID 25380233. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182841594 （英语）.
^ Shuster, L. T; Gostout, B. S; Grossardt, B. R; Rocca, W. A. Prophylactic oophorectomy in premenopausal women and long-term health. Menopause International. 1 September 2008, 14 (3): 111–116. ISSN 1754-0453. PMC 2585770 . PMID 18714076. doi:10.1258/mi.2008.008016 （英语）.
^ Committee On Practice Bulletins–Gynecology, Committee on Genetics. Practice Bulletin No 182: Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2017, 130 (3): e110–e126. ISSN 0029-7844. PMID 28832484. S2CID 25421501. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000002296 （英语）.

外部链接

Birth Control Comparison Chart （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） 2008

[Trussell_2011-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Trussell, James. Contraceptive efficacy. Hatcher, Robert A.; Trussell, James; Nelson, Anita L.; Cates, Willard Jr.; Kowal, Deborah; Policar, Michael S. (eds.) (编). Contraceptive technology 20th revised. New York: Ardent Media. 2011: 779–863. ISBN 978-1-59708-004-0. ISSN 0091-9721. OCLC 781956734. Table 26–1 = Table 3–2 Percentage of women experiencing an unintended pregnancy during the first year of typical use and the first year of perfect use of contraception, and the percentage continuing use at the end of the first year. United States. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[2] Clarke-Pearson, Daniel L.; Geller, Elizabeth J. Complications of Hysterectomy. Obstetrics & Gynecology. March 2013, 121 (3): 654–673. ISSN 0029-7844. PMID 23635631. S2CID 25380233. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182841594 （英语）.

[3] Shuster, L. T; Gostout, B. S; Grossardt, B. R; Rocca, W. A. Prophylactic oophorectomy in premenopausal women and long-term health. Menopause International. 1 September 2008, 14 (3): 111–116. ISSN 1754-0453. PMC 2585770 . PMID 18714076. doi:10.1258/mi.2008.008016 （英语）.

[4] Committee On Practice Bulletins–Gynecology, Committee on Genetics. Practice Bulletin No 182: Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2017, 130 (3): e110–e126. ISSN 0029-7844. PMID 28832484. S2CID 25421501. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000002296 （英语）.

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医疗用途

参考资料

相关条目

外部链接