實地調研

實地調研（field research），又稱實地研究（field study），為對於描述原始資料蒐集的概括術語，其所應用的領域包括民俗學、考古學、生物學、生態學、環境科學、地理學、地質學、地形學、地球物理學、古生物學、人類學、語言學、哲學、建築學以及社會學等自然或社會科學領域。與其他在實驗室准控制狀態下環境的研究相比，實地調查主要於野外實地進行。^[1]

根據研究對象的生亡與否，以及它們的存在地點位於居住棲息地或埋於土下，實地調查的實質內容也會有所差別。化石與考古遺址的發掘均包含實地工作，其他如訪問或觀察人們以學習他們的語言、民俗、和他們的社會結構等過程也都包含在內。某些狀況，尤其是研究的主題為人類本身的時候，工作的擬定必須再經過設計，以避免觀察者效應或是過度理論化、過於理想化該實質文化活動的風險。

野外調查的項目

採訪記錄
拍攝記錄
翻製記錄
整理消化

註釋

^ Burgess, Robert G., In the Field: An Introduction to Field Research (Hemel Hempstead, U.K.: George Allen & Unwin, 1984) at 1.

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[1] Burgess, Robert G., In the Field: An Introduction to Field Research (Hemel Hempstead, U.K.: George Allen & Unwin, 1984) at 1.

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