矽藻
矽藻綱 化石時期:
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《自然界的藝術形態》 (1904), 圖版 4: Diatomeae | |
《自然界的藝術形態》 (1904), 圖版 84: Diatomeae | |
科學分類 | |
界: | 色藻界 Chromista |
門: | 淡色藻門 Ochrophyta |
亞門: | Khakista亞門 Khakista |
綱: | 矽藻綱 Bacillariophyceae |
目 | |
「矽藻」的各地常用名稱 | |
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中國大陸 | 硅藻 |
臺灣 | 矽藻 |
矽藻綱(學名:Bacillariophyceae)是真核藻類的一個主要類群,同時也是最常見的一種浮游藻類,其下任一種可泛稱為矽藻(diatom)或硅藻。矽藻綱成員多數為單細胞生物,儘管有些種類可以絲狀或帶狀群體(如Fragilaria)、扇狀群體(如Meridion)、鋸齒狀群體(如Tabellaria)以及星形群體(如Asterionella)形式存在。
矽藻在食物鏈中屬於生產者。矽藻的一個主要特點是矽藻細胞外覆矽質(主要是二氧化矽)的細胞壁,即矽藻殼。矽質細胞壁紋理和形態各異,但多呈對稱排列。這種排列方式可作為分類命名的依據。但是這種對稱並不是完全的對稱,因為矽藻細胞壁的一側比另一側略大一點,這樣才能嵌合在一起。化石遺蹟顯示,矽藻最早起源於早白堊紀時期。僅中心矽藻類的雄配子具鞭毛,可以游動。矽藻一直以來是一種重要的環境監測指示物種,常被用於水質研究。分類上歸為一綱,轄下有中心矽藻目及羽紋矽藻目。此外也是近海的優勢類群。
載色體中有葉綠素a和葉綠素c,α-胡蘿蔔素和β-胡蘿蔔素,葉黃素類中主要含有墨角藻黃素,其次是矽藻黃素和矽甲黃素,由於墨角藻黃素和其他色素所占比例比葉綠素大,使載色體呈現橙黃色或黃褐色;細胞壁都是由果膠和二氧化矽組成的,沒有纖維素,質地堅硬,矽質細胞壁上有呈輻射對稱或左右對稱排列的花紋。具有上下半殼套合而成的殼體。矽藻營養體中沒有游動細胞,僅精子具鞭毛,電子顯微鏡下觀察是茸鞭型,軸絲是9條,沒有中央軸絲,這種構造是矽藻獨有的。[2]
概說
[編輯]矽藻綱有超過200個現存的屬,估計有接近十萬個現存物種[3][4][5][6]。矽藻的分布廣泛,不管是海洋、淡水、汽水、泥土及潮濕的表面上均可發現。大部分生活在開闊的遠洋水域,當然也有的像膜一樣生活在海底砂礫上,更有能在僅僅是潮濕的大氣中存活的種類。矽藻在海洋中尤為重要,海洋中總初級生產力的45%由矽藻提供。[7]海洋浮游植物的水平分布和垂直分布都受到限制。[8][9]但顯微觀察到,矽藻的一些種甚至會布在2公里的高空。
矽藻屬於不等長鞭毛類這一大類群,這一大類群既有自營生物(如金藻、巨藻)又有異營生物(如水霉)。黃棕色葉綠體是不等長鞭毛類的一個特徵,這種葉綠體有四層膜,含有類胡蘿蔔素、墨角藻黃素。矽藻個體通常無鞭毛,但其雄配子具不等長鞭毛,同時與其他類群相比其鞭毛缺乏茸毛。
大部分矽藻是不游動的,有的通過鞭毛移動。也有的觀點認為有些羽紋矽藻有自發的運動,而這可能是原生質環流所致。[2]因為矽藻的細胞壁相對緻密而容易沉降,在開闊水域浮游種類通常依靠湍流混合層的上部的風以保持懸浮在陽光充足的水面。有些種還會主動調節細胞內的脂質來改變自身浮力以阻止下沉。
矽藻的一大特點是具有尿素循環,這暗示它們在進化上與動物有關。這是艾倫、鮑勒所領導的團隊於2011年發現的。他們的這一發現意義非凡,因為之前尿素循環被認為起源於在矽藻幾百萬年後才出現的後生動物上。他們的研究表明,雖然矽藻和動物的尿素循環目的不同,但它們相同的方式卻顯示了動物和植物進化的相關性。[10]
矽藻的矽質細胞壁(矽藻殼)由兩個獨立的半片(殼面)組成。細胞壁生物矽是在胞內由矽酸單體聚合而成,然後再擠壓到細胞外添加到細胞壁上。矽藻細胞壁的兩個殼面通常像培養皿的底和蓋一樣套合在一起。在多數種中,當一個矽藻分裂產生兩個子細胞,每個子細胞將保留其中的一個殼面,再長出一個套在裡面的較小的另一個殼面。因此每個分裂周期後,矽藻族群的平均尺寸將變小。這樣細胞尺寸一旦達到了最小,就不再簡單地分裂,而是以產生復大孢子的方式恢復其大小。這樣會產生一個大得多的細胞,然後再像原來一樣越分裂越小。復大孢子的產生幾乎總是伴隨著減數分裂和有性生殖。
矽藻的死亡和分解產生了有機和無機矽酸鹽沉澱物。因為無機物在黏土和淤泥沉積中,會形成了一個永久性的海相地層地質記錄,所以可以通過挖掘海底或海灣淤泥,研究其中無機成分來分析過去的海洋環境。(參見矽質軟泥)
矽藻的研究是藻類學一個分支,而專攻矽藻方面的藻類學家被稱為矽藻學家(英文:diatomists)。
分類
[編輯]不等鞭毛類物種的分類至今仍然有爭議,不同的分類把物種歸等為門級、界級或兩者之間。因此,矽藻類物種其實可以根據其父系分類單元而被置放於不同的位置上,並相對調整其子系分類單元。本條目使其定位於綱級。
傳統上,矽藻綱物種分為以下兩個目:
前者是後者的並系群。
較近期的分類[4]把矽藻分為三個基本分類,也有再細分為更多細目的[11]。這分別主要是由於羽紋矽藻類之間的分別,主要在於有沒有殼縫,即瓣膜的緃向槽[12]。
中心矽藻綱/中心矽藻目(Coscinodiscophyceae)或中心矽藻亞綱(Coscinodiscophycidae) Round & R.M.Crawford
- Anaulales Round & R.M.Crawford
- Arachnoidiscales Round
- Asterolamprales Round
- Aulacoseirales R.M.Crawford
- 中心矽藻目 Coscinodiscophyceae
- Chaetocerotales Round & R.M.Crawfor
- 金盤藻目 Chrysanthemodiscales Round
- Corethrales Round & R.M.Crawford
- Coscinodiscales Round
- 波紋藻目 Cymatosirales Round & R.M.Crawford
- Desmomastigales
- Ethmodiscales Round
- Hemiaulales Round & R.M.Crawford
- Leptocylindrales Round & R.M.Crawford
- Lithodesmiales
- Melosirales R.M.Crawford
- 正盤藻目 Orthoseirales R.M.Crawford
- Paraliales R.M.Crawford
- Rhizosoleniales
- Stictocyclales Round
- Stictodiscales Round & R.M.Crawford
- 海鏈藻目 Thalassiosirales
- 角藻目 Triceratiales Round & R.M.Crawford
無殼縫綱(Fragilariophyceae)或無殼縫亞綱(Fragilariophycidae)F.E.Round:無殼縫的羽紋矽藻(araphids)
- Ardissoneales F.E.Round
- 梯楔藻目 Climacospheniales Round
- Cyclophorales Round & R.M.Crawford
- Fragilariales P.C.Silva
- Licmophorales Round
- Protoraphidales Round
- Rhabdonematales Round & R.M.Crawford
- Rhaphoneidales Round
- Striatellales F.E.Round
- Tabellariales Round
- Thalassionematales Round
- Toxariales Round
有殼縫綱(Bacillariophyceae)或有殼縫亞綱(Bacillariophycidae) D.G.Mann:有殼縫的羽紋矽藻(raphids)
- 曲殼藻目 Achnanthales P.C.Silva
- 棍形藻目 Bacillariales Hendey
- Cymbellales D.G.Mann
- Dictyoneidales D.G.Mann
- 短縫藻目 Eunotiales P.C.Silva
- Lyrellales D.G.Mann
- Mastogloiales D.G.Mann
- 舟形藻目 Naviculales Bessey
- Rhopalodiales D.G.Mann
- 雙菱藻目 Surirellales D.G.Mann
- 錐藻目 Thalassiophysales D.G.Mann
- 在GBIF上,矽藻綱有以下目:
- 曲殼藻目 Achnanthales
- Anaulales
- Arachnoidiscales
- Ardissoneales
- Asterolamprales
- Aulacoseirales
- Bacillariales
- Biddulphiales
- Centrales
- Chaetocerales
- Chaetocerotales
- Chrysanthemodiscales
- 梯楔藻目 Climacospheniales Round
- 梯楔藻科 Climacospheniaceae
- Corethrales
- Coscinodiscales
- Cyclophorales
- Cyclophoraceae
- Entopylaceae
- Entopyla C.G.Ehrenberg, 1848
- 弓橋藻屬 Gephyria G.A.W.Arnott, 1858
- Gephyria castracanei Leuduger-Fortmorel, 1892
- Gephyria constricta
- Gephyria dyerana O'Meara, 1877
- Gephyria gigantea
- Gephyria harveyi O'Meara, 1866
- Gephyria incurvata
- 日本弓橋藻 Gephyria japonica Wolle, 1890
- 中間弓橋藻 Gephyria media Arnott, 1860
- Gephyria parodii Frenguelli, 1941
- Gephyria rinnboeckii (Pantocsek) Forti, 1912
- Gephyria rodriguezi Azpeitia, 1911
- Gephyria telfairiae Walker-Arnott, 1858
- 波紋藻目 Cymatosirales
- Cymbellales
- Anomoeoneidaceae
- Cymbellaceae
- Gomphonemataceae
- 彎楔藻科 Rhoicospheniaceae
- Campylopyxis L.K.Medlin, 1985
- Chelonicola Majewska, De Stefano & Van de Vijver
- Cuneolus M.H.Giffen, 1970
- Epiphalaina R.W.Holmes, S.Nagasawa & H.Takano, 1993
- Gomphonemopsis L.Medlin, 1986
- Gomphoseptatum L.Medlin, 1986
- Gomphosphenia H.Lange-Bertalot, 1995
- Poulinea Majewska, De Stefano & Van de Vijver
- 彎楔藻屬 Rhoicosphenia A.Grunow, 1860
- Rhoicosphenula Lange-Bert., Kociolek, A.A.Saber & Cantonati, 2021
- Tripterion R.W.Holmes, S.Nagasawa & H.Takano, 1993
- Tursiocola R.W.Holmes, S.Nagasawa & H.Takano, 1993
- Dictyoneidales
- Ethmodiscales
- 短縫藻目 Eunotiales
- Fragilariales
- Hemiaulales
- Leptocylindrales
- Licmophorales
- Lithodesmiales
- Lyrellales
- 胸隔藻目 Mastogloiales
- Melosirales
- 舟形藻目 Naviculales
- Orthoseirales
- Paraliales
- Protoraphidales
- 杆線藻目 Rhabdonematales
- Grammatophoraceae
- 杆線藻科 Rhabdonemataceae
- Rhaphoneidales
- Asterionellopsidaceae
- 縫舟藻目 Rhaponeidales
- Psammodiscaceae
- 縫舟藻科 Rhaphoneidaceae
- Asterionellopsis
- 具槽藻屬 Delphineis G.W.Andrews, 1977
- Delphineis abbottii E.Fourtanier, 1987
- Delphineis andrewsii Hendey, 1981
- 狹窄具槽藻 Delphineis angustata (Pantocsek Andrews,1977)
- Delphineis kamenooensis Yanagisawa, 1994
- Delphineis kippae Sancetta, 1982
- Delphineis lineata G.W.Andrews, 1977
- Delphineis livingstonii Prasad, 1986
- Delphineis lohmanii Hendey, 1981
- Delphineis ovata Andrews, 1977
- Delphineis penelliptica G.W.Andrews, 1977
- Delphineis sheshukovae Akiba, 1985
- 雙菱具槽藻 Delphineis surirella (Ehr. Andrews G. W.,1980)
- Delphineis tiltilensis (Frenguelli) Sar & Sala, 2009
- Delphineis urbinai Gariboldi, 2016
- Diplomenora K.Blazé, 1984
- Drewsandria P.A.Sims & R.Ross, 1996
- Meloneis I.Louvrou, D.B.Danielidis & A.Economou-Amilli, 2013
- 新具槽藻屬 Neodelphineis H.Takano, 1982
- 大洋新具槽藻 Neodelphineis pelagica Takano, 1982
- Neodelphineis silenda (Hohn & Hellerman, 1966) Desianti & Potapova, 2015
- Neodetonia S.Blanco, 2011
- Perissonoë G.W.Andrews & V.A.Stoelzel, 1984
- 十字奇異藻 Perissonoë cruciata (Janisch et Rabenhorst) Andrews et Stoelzel, 1982
- Perissonoë pentagona Desikachary, Gowthaman, Hema, Prasaed & Prema, 1987
- Perissonoë trigona (Grunow) Andrews & Stoelzel, 1984
- 縫舟藻屬 Rhaphoneis C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Rhaphoneis adamantea Andrews, 1978
- Rhaphoneis affinis Grunow, 1886
- Rhaphoneis africana Ehrenberg, 1854
- 雙角縫舟藻 Rhaphoneis amphiceros (Ehrenberg) Ehrenberg, 1844
- Rhaphoneis angularis Lohman, 1938
- Rhaphoneis angulata Fenner, 1976
- Rhaphoneis angusta Ehrenberg, 1844
- Rhaphoneis angustata Pantocsek, 1886
- Rhaphoneis archeri O'Meara, 1867
- Rhaphoneis asiatica Brun, 1889
- Rhaphoneis atlantica Andrews, 1989
- Rhaphoneis australis H.L.Smith, 1878
- Rhaphoneis belgica Grunow, 1881
- Rhaphoneis bergonil H.Peragallo
- Rhaphoneis bicuneata Grunow, 1879
- Rhaphoneis bilineata Grunow & Cleve
- Rhaphoneis biseriata Grunow, 1886
- Rhaphoneis boryana Pantocsek, 1889
- Rhaphoneis caballeroi Azpeitia y Moros, 1911
- Rhaphoneis capensis A.Schmidt, 1894
- Rhaphoneis capensis Alferov, 1932
- Rhaphoneis capitata Andrews, 1978
- Rhaphoneis carolinica Andrews, 1979
- 卡氏縫舟藻 Rhaphoneis castracanii Grunow, 1881
- Rhaphoneis clavata Andrews, 1978
- Rhaphoneis cocconeides Schrader, 1973
- Rhaphoneis cocconeis Ehrenberg, 1870
- 髮狀縫舟藻 Rhaphoneis crinigera Takano, 1983
- Rhaphoneis crozierii Bailey, 1924
- Rhaphoneis debyi Pantocsek, 1886
- Rhaphoneis delicatula Pantocsek, 1886
- Rhaphoneis delicatus Loseva, 1983
- Rhaphoneis diamantella Andrews, 1976
- Rhaphoneis digitus Ehrenberg, 1854
- Rhaphoneis discoides Subrahmanyan, 1946
- Rhaphoneis dissita Ehrenberg, 1854
- Rhaphoneis dubia Grunow, 1867
- Rhaphoneis elegantula Hustedt, 1952
- Rhaphoneis elliptica Castracane, 1886
- Rhaphoneis elliptica Ehrenberg, 1856
- Rhaphoneis elliptica Jousé, 1951
- Rhaphoneis elliptica Schrader, 1976
- Rhaphoneis entomon Ehrenberg, 1854
- Rhaphoneis fasciata Ehrenberg, 1854
- Rhaphoneis fasciolata Janisch & Rabenhorst, 1862
- Rhaphoneis fatula Lohman, 1938
- Rhaphoneis fluminensis Grunow, 1862
- Rhaphoneis foliacea Ehrenberg, 1849
- Rhaphoneis fragilaroidea Patrick, 1944
- Rhaphoneis fuchsii Pantocsek, 1889
- Rhaphoneis fusiformis Andrews, 1978
- Rhaphoneis fusus Ehrenberg, 1844
- Rhaphoneis gangetica Ehrenberg, 1892
- Rhaphoneis gemmifera Ehrenberg
- Rhaphoneis granulata Patrick, 1944
- Rhaphoneis gratiosa Hajós, 1968
- Rhaphoneis grossepunctata Hustedt, 1955
- Rhaphoneis hachiroensis
- Rhaphoneis hauckii Grunow, 1879
- Rhaphoneis hungarica Pantocsek, 1886
- Rhaphoneis immunis Andrews, 1976
- Rhaphoneis immunis Lohman, 1948
- Rhaphoneis indica Ehrenberg, 1845
- Rhaphoneis inflata Hustedt, 1952
- Rhaphoneis intermedia Hajós, 1973
- Rhaphoneis itaparicana Zimmermann, 1918
- 日本縫舟藻 Rhaphoneis japonica Castracane, 1886
- Rhaphoneis jonesii O'Meara, 1867
- Rhaphoneis kinkerii Pantocsek, 1892
- Rhaphoneis kronowetterii Ehrenberg, 1862
- Rhaphoneis krusadiensis Desikachary & Sridharan, 1989
- Rhaphoneis laevigata Ehrenberg, 1854
- Rhaphoneis laevis Ehrenberg, 1854
- Rhaphoneis lanceolata Ehrenberg, 1845
- 矛狀縫舟藻 Rhaphoneis lancettula Grunow, 1886
- Rhaphoneis lepta Schrader, 1969
- Rhaphoneis liburnica Grunow, 1862
- Rhaphoneis linearis Ehrenberg, 1856
- Rhaphoneis linearis Grunow, 1886
- Rhaphoneis lorenziana Grunow, 1862
- Rhaphoneis luciana Cholnoky, 1968
- Rhaphoneis lumen Brun, 1889
- Rhaphoneis lusitanica Rabenhorst, 1864
- Rhaphoneis maculata Cleve, 1883
- Rhaphoneis magnapunctata Andrews, 1978
- Rhaphoneis mammalis Castracane, 1886
- Rhaphoneis margaritalimbata Mertz, 1966
- Rhaphoneis margaritata Andrews, 1978
- Rhaphoneis marginulata Cleve, 1883
- Rhaphoneis mascarenae Giffen, 1980
- Rhaphoneis mediopunctata Hajós, 1968
- Rhaphoneis mediterranea Grunow
- Rhaphoneis mertzi Hajós, 1973
- Rhaphoneis mica Hohn & Hellerman, 1966
- Rhaphoneis minutissima Hustedt, 1939
- Rhaphoneis miocenica Schrader, 1973
- Rhaphoneis mirabunda Giffen, 1963
- Rhaphoneis molucensis Ehrenberg, 1870
- Rhaphoneis moorii O'Meara, 1867
- Rhaphoneis morsiana Grunow, 1886
- Rhaphoneis nana Ehrenberg, 1872
- Rhaphoneis nitida (Gregory) Grunow, 1868
- Rhaphoneis nitida A.Schmidt, 1894
- Rhaphoneis nodulifer
- Rhaphoneis obesa Hanna, 1932
- Rhaphoneis obesa Peragallo, 1911
- Rhaphoneis obesula Hanna, 1932
- Rhaphoneis oregonica Ehrenberg, 1844
- Rhaphoneis orientalis Hendey, 1939
- Rhaphoneis ossiformis Schrader, 1976
- Rhaphoneis ovalis Korotkevich, 1957
- 相同縫舟藻 Rhaphoneis paralis Hanna, 1932
- Rhaphoneis parallelica Schrader, 1976
- Rhaphoneis parcepunctata (Pantocsek & Grunow) Andrews, 1975
- Rhaphoneis parvula Andrews, 1978
- Rhaphoneis perspicua Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1959
- Rhaphoneis petropolitana Grunow, 1886
- Rhaphoneis pinnularia Tempère & Brun, 1889
- Rhaphoneis praeparilis Andrews, 1987
- Rhaphoneis pretiosa Ehrenberg
- Rhaphoneis psammicola Riznyk, 1973
- Rhaphoneis quarnerensis Grunow, 1862
- 似菱形縫舟藻 Rhaphoneis rhomboides Hendey, 1958
- Rhaphoneis rhombus Ehrenberg, 1854
- Rhaphoneis rhomoides Hendey
- Rhaphoneis robustata Schrader, 1976
- Rhaphoneis rostrata Ehrenberg, 1856
- Rhaphoneis sachalinensis Sheshukova-Poretskaya, 1967
- Rhaphoneis sanctaecrucis H.Peragallo, 1909
- Rhaphoneis scalaris Ehrenberg, 1844
- Rhaphoneis schulzii Anissimova ex Proschkina-Lavrenko, 1949
- Rhaphoneis scutelloides Grunow, 1862
- Rhaphoneis scutellum Ehrenberg, 1844
- Rhaphoneis scutula Andrews, 1978
- Rhaphoneis setacea Ehrenberg, 1854
- Rhaphoneis sharktoothensis VanLandingham, 1978
- Rhaphoneis simbirskiana Grunow, 1886
- Rhaphoneis similis Hustedt, 1952
- Rhaphoneis simonseni Mertz, 1966
- Rhaphoneis suborbicularis O'Meara, 1867
- Rhaphoneis subtilissima Pantocsek, 1886
- 雙菱縫舟藻 Rhaphoneis surirella (Her.) Grunow, 1880
- Rhaphoneis surirelloides Simonsen, 1974
- Rhaphoneis szakalensis Pantocsek, 1886
- Rhaphoneis tatsunokuchiensis Koizumi, 1972
- Rhaphoneis tenuis Hustedt, 1952
- Rhaphoneis tibialis Tempère & Brun, 1889
- Rhaphoneis triangularis Hajós, 1968
- Rhaphoneis wetzeli Mertz, 1966
- Rhaphoneis wicomicoensis Lohman, 1948
- Rhaponeis
- Sceptroneis C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Rhizosoleniales
- Rhopalodiales
- Stictocycales
- 斑環藻目 Stictocyclales
- 斑盤藻目 Stictodiscales
- Striatellales
- 雙菱藻目 Surirellales
- Tabellariales
- Thalassionematales
- 錐藻目 Thalassiophysales
- 海鏈藻目 Thalassiosirales
- Toxariales
- Triceratiales
- 目的地位未定的科:
- Arcanodiscaceae
- Archaegladiopsidaceae
- Diatomaceae
- Disciferiaceae
- Eustephaniaceae
- Gladiaceae
- Hydroseraceae
- Kerkiaceae
- Nitzschiaveae
- Rhynchopyxidaceae
- Trigoniumaceae
- Xanthiopyxaceae
- 目和科的地位未定的屬:
- Achnanthepyla Perag., 1921
- Actinodictyon J.Pantocsek, 1889
- Actinogonium C.G.Ehrenberg, 1847
- Actinogramma C.G.Ehrenberg, 1872
- Actinoneis P.T.Cleve, 1895
- Actinophaenia G.Shadbolt, 1854
- Actinostephanos G.K.Khursevich, 1989
- Aggericorona S.Komura, 2006
- Alloeoneis J.Schumann, 1867
- Alloioneis J.Schumann ex P.T.Cleve, 1878
- Amphicampa Rabenh.
- Amphicephalosperma Meunier, 1910
- Amphidiscus C.G.Ehrenberg, 1839
- 繭形藻屬 Amphiprora Kütz.
- 兩形殼縫藻屬 Amphiraphia J.-Y.Chen & H.-Z.Zhu, 1983
- Amphitrite P.T.Cleve ex O.Kunze, 1891
- Amphitropis L.Rabenhorst, 1868
- Anisodiscus A.Grunow, 1886
- Anisoraphe R.E.Norris, 1971
- Annellus J.Tempère, 1908
- Annularius S.Komura, 2005
- Annulodiscus Hajós
- 異菱藻屬 Anomoeoneis Pitzer
- Antelminellia F.Schütt, 1893
- Anthemodiscus J.W.Barker & S.H.Meakin, 1944
- Aplotella (Kützing) L.Agassiz, 1843
- Aporidiscus Rattray, 1889
- Aporodiscus J.Rattray, 1890
- Apteroe P.T.Cleve, 1891
- Apterosoma S.Komura, 1997
- Archaegoniothecium J.Witkowski, D.M.Harwood & M.Kulikovskiy, 2012
- Archeopantocsekia Borbas, 1893
- Archepyrgus R.Gersonde & D.M.Harwood, 1990
- Archimedea J.B.M.Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1824
- Argonauta G.Karsten, 1928
- Aristella
- Arthrogyra C.G.Ehrenberg ex Ralfs, 1861
- Arthrotoma Corda, 1840
- Asterodiscus A.S.Johnson, 1852
- Astrosyne Ashworth & Lobban, 2012
- Aulacocystis A.H.Hassall, 1845
- Auriculopsis N.I.Hendey, 1964
- Bactryllium O.Heer, 1853
- Baculites J.Grüss, 1928
- Badiaga Sprengel
- Balanosa S.Komura, 1996
- Baxteria H.Van Heurck, 1896
- Belonastrum E.Lemmermann, 1900
- Belonidium C.G.Ehrenberg, 1854
- Biblarium C.G.Ehrenberg, 1843
- Bifibulatia H.Takano, 1983
- Bilingua R.Gersonde & D.M.Harwood, 1990
- Bolewskia B.Kwiecinska & J.Sieminska, 2000
- Botellus F.Schütt, 1900
- Brachybaculites J.Grüss, 1928
- Brasiliella C.Zimmermann S.J., 1918
- Brenneckella H.Lohman, 1912
- Brunia J.Tempère ex G.B.De Toni, 1894
- Bruniella H.Van Heurck, 1896
- Bruniopsis G.Karsten, 1928
- Calcothrix N.A.Desvaux, 1830
- Callimastogloia S.Komura, 2005
- Calodiscus L.Rabenhorst, 1853
- Calophyllum G.Shadbolt, 1854
- Calyptosporium D.M.Harwood & R.Gersonde, 1990
- Campylostylus G.Shadbolt ex C.S.Boyer, 1927
- Capsula J.Brun, 1896
- Carrodoria Kuntze, 1898
- Castracania G.B.De Toni, 1892
- Cavitatus D.M.Williams, 1989
- Centrodiscus Pantocsek, 1889
- Centroporus J.Pantocsek, 1889
- Ceratangula P.A.Sims, 2008
- Ceratodiscus S.H.Meakin, 1938
- Ceratophora Pantocsek, 1889
- Chasea G D.Hanna, 1934
- Cheloniodiscus J.Pantocsek, 1889
- Chuniella G.Karsten, 1905
- Circularius E.A.Molinari-Novoa, C.E.Sánchez Ocharan & M.D.Guiry, 2021
- Cladogramma C.G.Ehrenberg, 1854
- Cladomphalus J.W.Bailey, 1894
- Clavicula J.Pantocsek, 1886
- Clavularia R.K.Greville, 1865
- Clevamphora C.Mereschkowsky, 1903
- Cleveamphora Mereschkowsky, 1903
- Cleveia J.Pantocsek, 1895
- Clevia C.Mereschkowsky, 1902
- Climacidium C.G.Ehrenberg, 1870
- Clipeoparvus J.Woodbridge, E.J.Cox & N.Roberts, 2010
- Coenobiodiscus A.R.Loeblich Iii, W.W.Wight & W.M.Darley, 1968
- Cohaesum V.A.Nikolaev & D.M.Harwood, 2007
- Colletonema A.de Brébisson ex F.T.Kützing, 1849
- Confervea O.F.Müller, 1873
- 棘冠藻屬 Corethron (Castracane) H.Perag.
- Corinna P.A.C.Heiberg, 1863
- Coronia C.G.Ehrenberg, 1840
- Coronodiscus I.Suto, 2004
- Coscinophaena C.G.Ehrenberg, 1854
- Coscinorima N.I.Strelnikova, 1999
- Cotyledon J.Brun, 1891
- Craspedopleura M.Poulin, 1993
- Craspedoporus R.K.Greville, 1863
- Cresswellia Arnott ex R.K.Greville, 1857
- Cristodiscus Z.I.Glezer & A.P.Olshtynskaya, 1994
- Crossophialus D.M.Harwood & R.Gersonde, 1990
- Crystalia Sommerfeld, 1824
- Ctenophora A.de Brebisson ex F.T.Kützing, 1849
- Cultria (D.Metzeltin & H.Lange-Bertalot) D.Metzeltin & H.Lange-Bertalot, 2007
- Cussia H.-J.Schrader, 1974
- Cycloites J.Grüss, 1928
- Cycloplea V.B.A.Trevisan di San Leon, 1848
- Cyclosira H.Peragallo & M.Peragallo, 1907
- Cyclostephanopsis L.Loginova, 1993
- Cymatogonia A.Grunow, 1883
- Cymatotheca N.I.Hendey, 1958
- Cymbamphora P.T.Cleve, 1895
- Cymbelgeia L.N.Bukhtiyarova & G.V.Pomazkina, 2013
- Cymbellopsis K.Krammer, 1997
- Cymbophora (F.T.Kützing) A.de Brébisson, 1838
- Cymbosira F.T.Kützing, 1844
- Cypellachaetes D.M.Harwood & R.Gersonde, 1990
- Cystopleura A.de Brébisson ex O.Kuntze, 1891
- 指管藻屬 Dactyliosolen (Castracane) H.Perag.
- Dalai-Lama C.Mereschkowsky, 1906
- Dalailama Mereschkowsky
- Dandrelion P.Lefebure, 1947
- Dasyangea D.M.Harwood & R.Gersonde, 1990
- Debya J.Pantocsek, 1886
- Debya J.Rattray, 1888
- Dendrelion J.Pantocsek, 1928
- Dendrella J.B.M.Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1822
- Dendrogonia S.Komura, 2007
- Denticula Ehrenb.
- Diatomosira V.B.A.Trevisan di San Leon, 1848
- Diatostephana E.A.Molinari-Novoa & M.D.Guiry, 2021
- Dichomenis C.G.Ehrenberg, 1862
- Dichotropiscus S.Komura, 1995
- Dickensoniaforma
- Dicladia C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Dicladiopsis G.B.De Toni, 1894
- Dictyolampra C.G.Ehrenberg, 1847
- Dictyopyxis C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Didymohelix J.W.Griffith
- Dimeractis S.Komura, 2001
- Dimerosira H.Peragallo, 1901
- Diomphala C.G.Ehrenberg, 1842
- Discoites J.Grüss, 1928
- Disconeis P.T.Cleve, 1895
- Discoplea C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Discosira L.Rabenhorst, 1853
- Discus C.Stodder, 1879
- Disiphonia
- Dispinodiscus I.Suto, 2004
- Distichanthes C.G.Ehrenberg, 1854
- Doryphora
- Dossetia F.Azpeitia, 1911
- Drepanotheca H.-J.Schrader ex Round, Crawford & Mann, 1990
- Echinaria F.T.Kützing, 1844
- Echinodiscus A.Mann, 1925
- Ectodictyon G.C.Khursevich & G.P.Cherniaeva, 1989
- Endosigma A.de Brébisson, 1848
- Endostauron A.Grunow, 1880
- Endostauron Brébisson ex Möller, 1892
- Entogonia R.K.Greville, 1863
- Entomogaster C.G.Ehrenberg, 1871
- Epithelion J.Pantocsek, 1905
- Epithema A.de Brébisson, 1838
- Euceratoneis A.Grunow, 1865
- Eumeridion F.T.Kützing, 1844
- Euphyllodium
- Eupleuria G.A.W.Arnott, 1858
- Eupterotrum S.Komura, 1997
- Eurossia Mahood et al., 1993
- Eurossia P.A.Sims, 1993
- Excentron J.Ralfs, 1861
- Fenestrellina Greville, 1863
- Fibula Wm.Smith, 1859
- Flexibiddulphia R.Simonsen, 1987
- Fontigonium P.A.Sims & N.I.Hendey, 1996
- Fusotheca C.Mereschkowsky, 1878
- Gemellodiscus I.Suto, 2004
- Girodella Gaillon ex P.J.F.Turpin, 1827
- Gleseria E.G.Lupikina, L.M.Dolmatova & L.M., 1984
- Gloeonema C.G.Ehrenberg, 1856
- Gloionema C.A.Agardh, 1812
- Glyphodiscus R.K.Greville, 1862
- Goldfishia L.N.Bukhtiyarova & G.V.Pomazkina, 2013
- Golovenkinia N.I.Strelnikova, 1997
- Gomphogramma A.Braun, 1853
- Grammatonema F.T.Kützing, 1845
- Grayia E.Grove & J.Brun, 1892
- Groentvedia N.I.Hendey, 1964
- Grovea A.Schmidt ex Van Heurck, 1896
- Grunoviella H.Van Heurck, 1896
- Grymaia J.W.Bailey ex L.W.Bailey, 1861
- Gutwinskiella G.B.De Toni, 1894
- Gyropandorus S.Komura, 1997
- Gyroptychus A.Schmidt, 1890
- Halionyx C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Halonetrum H.Lohmann, 1919
- Halopetitia S.Blanco & C.E.Wetzel, 2016
- Halurina C.Zimmermann, 1918
- Handmannia M.Peragallo, 1913
- Hantzschiopsidea J.Grüss, 1928
- Harrisonii E.M.Nelson
- Haynaldella J.Pantocsek, 1892
- Haynaldiella J.Pantocsek ex H.Van Heurck, 1896
- Heibergia R.K.Greville, 1865
- Heliopelta C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Helisella A.Jurilj, 1949
- Helissella Jurilj, 1949
- Helminthopsidella P.C.Silva, 1970
- Hemiboscia V.A.Nikolaev & D.M.Harwood, 2012
- Hemizoster C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Hendeya J.A.Long, D.P.Fuge & J.Smith, 1946
- Hendeyscoresbya S.Blanco & C.E.Wetzel, 2016
- Henshawia A.Mann, 1925
- Heribaudia M.Peragallo, 1893
- Heromphala P.Lefebure, 1947
- Heroneis P.Lefebure, 1947
- Hesslandia A.Cleve-Euler, 1947
- Heterangion S.Komura, 2001
- Heterocampa C.G.Ehrenberg, 1870
- Heterodictyon R.K.Greville, 1863
- Heteromphala C.G.Ehrenberg, 1859
- Heteroneis P.T.Cleve, 1895
- Heterostephania C.G.Ehrenberg, 1854
- Himantidium C.G.Ehrenberg, 1840
- Himantosoma V.B.A.Trevisan di San Leon, 1848
- Homalodiscus A.S.Orsted, 1844
- Hormophora A.Jurilj, 1957
- Horstia J.Sieminska & B.Kwiecinska, 2002
- Humbugodiscus J.Deby, 1890
- Hustedtia F.Meister, 1932
- Huttoniella G.Karsten, 1928
- Hyalodes F.Dujardin, 1842
- Hyalodictya C.G.Ehrenberg, 1871
- Hyalopyxis I.V.Makarova, 1989
- Hyalotrochus D.M.Harwood & R.Gersonde, 1990
- Hydrolinum H.F.Link, 1820
- Hydrosirella F.Hustedt, 1952
- Hylobiblium Wolle, 1894
- Hystrix J.B.M.Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1822
- Iconella
- Ikebea S.Komura, 1975
- Imparvalvia S.Komura, 2007
- Incisoria M.Hajos, 1975
- Insilella C.G.Ehrenberg, 1845
- Isomeria Chevallier
- Isthmiella P.T.Cleve, 1873
- Janischia A.Grunow, 1883
- Jousea Z.I.Glezer, 1967
- Kannoa S.Komura, 1980
- Katahiraia S.Komura, 1976
- Kidoa S.Komura, 1979
- Kozloviella A.P.Jousé, 1973
- Kreagra R.Gersonde & D.M.Harwood, 1990
- Ktenodiscus J.Pantocsek, 1889
- Kuemmerlea J.A.Krenner, 1926
- Lacustriella H.Lange-Bertalot, M.S.Kulikovskiy & D.Metzeltin, 2012
- Lamella J.Brun, 1894
- Lamprotediscus J.Pantocsek, 1892
- Lancineis G.W.Andrews, 1990
- Lentiliforma
- Leptoscaphos H.-J.Schrader, 1969
- Lingulatium
- Lioneis C.G.Ehrenberg, 1861
- Liostephania C.G.Ehrenberg, 1847
- Liparogyra C.G.Ehrenberg, 1848
- Liradiscus R.K.Greville, 1865
- Liradiscus akibae I.Suto, 2004
- Liradiscus asperulus Andrews, 1976
- Liradiscus barbadensis Greville, 1865
- Liradiscus bipolaris K.E.Lohman, 1948
- Liradiscus capensis Cleve, 1881
- Liradiscus circularis Hanna, 1927
- Liradiscus ellipticus Greville, 1865
- Liradiscus furcatus Grove MS., 1889
- Liradiscus japonicus I.Suto, 2004
- Liradiscus lucidus Brun, 1889
- Liradiscus marginatus Grove MS., 1889
- Liradiscus marginatus Grunow, 1879
- Liradiscus minimus Lohman, 1948
- Liradiscus minutus Forti, 1914
- Liradiscus minutus Greville, 1865
- Liradiscus oblongus Grunow, 1890
- 卵形脊刺藻 Liradiscus ovalis R.K.Greville, 1865
- Liradiscus pacificus I.Suto, 2004
- Liradiscus petasus I.Suto, 2004
- Liradiscus plicatulus Hajós, 1968
- Liradiscus plicatus Hajós, 1968
- 腎形脊刺藻 Liradiscus reniformis Chin & Cheng, 1982
- Liradiscus reticulatus I.Suto, 2004
- Liradiscus rotundus Hajós, 1968
- Liriogramma R.W.Kolbe, 1954
- Lithobotrys C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Lobarzewskya V.B.A.Trevisan di San Leon, 1848
- Lomonycus S.Komura, 1996
- Longinata M.Hajos, 1975
- Lophotheca H.-J.Schrader, 1969
- Lunulina J.B.M.Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1822
- Lyngbyea
- Lysicyclia C.G.Ehrenberg, 1856
- Lysigonium H.F.Link, 1820
- Maluina R.Ross & P.A.Sims, 1987
- Mammidion J.A.Long, D.P.Fuge & J.Smith, 1946
- Mammula G.Karsten, 1928
- Margaritoxon C.Janisch, 1862
- Mediaria V.S.Scheschukova-Poretzkaja, 1962
- Mediopyxis L.K.Medlin & Kühn, 2006
- Medlinella Frankovich, Ashworth & M.J.Sullivan, 2016
- Melchersiela C.Teixeira, 1959
- Melotomus Corda
- Meretrosulus G D.Hanna, 1927
- Meristosolen D.M.Harwood & R.Gersonde, 1990
- Mesasterias C.G.Ehrenberg, 1872
- Micromega C.A.Agardh, 1827
- Microneis P.T.Cleve, 1895
- Microorbis R.Gersonde & D.M.Harwood, 1990
- Microspodiscus A.Grunow, 1883
- Microstigma (P.T.Cleve) F.Meister, 1919
- Moelleria P.T.Cleve, 1873
- Moisseevia N.I.Strelnikova, 1997
- Monema M.J.Berkeley, 1833
- Monema R.K.Greville, 1827
- Monobrachia H.-J.Schrader, 1976
- Monoceros A.C.J.Van Goor, 1924
- Monocis P.Lefebure, 1947
- Monocladia I.Suto, 2003
- Monogramma C.G.Ehrenberg, 1843
- Monopsia E.Grove & G.Sturt, 1887
- Muelleriopsis N.I.Hendey, 1972
- Nadiya L.N.Bukhtiyarova, 2013
- Nanoneis R.E.Norris, 1973
- Naunema C.G.Ehrenberg, 1838
- Naviculonema C.L.Graeff, J.P.Kociolek & S.R.Rushforth, 2013
- Nematoplata J.B.M.Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1822
- Neograya O.Kuntze, 1898
- Neomoelleria S.Blanco & C.E.Wetzel, 2016
- Nephrodiscus S.Komura, 1996
- Nitzschiopsidea J.Grüss, 1928
- Nothoceratium G.B.De Toni, 1894
- Novilla P.A.C.Heiberg, 1863
- Ocularia E.J.Quekett, 1844
- Omphalopelta C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Oncodiscus J.W.Bailey
- Oncosphenia C.G.Ehrenberg, 1845
- Opephoropsis J.Frenguelli, 1945
- Orthotropis P.T.Cleve, 1891
- Oscillaria C.Pollini, 1816
- Oshitea S.Komura, 1993
- Paleopandorus S.Komura, 1996
- Palmella E.A.Flint
- Paltonella (Kützing) L.Agassiz, 1843
- Paltonophora F.T.Kützing, 1833
- Pandurella (Kützing) L.Agassiz, 1843
- Pappia M.Hajos, 1974
- Paradesmus A.C.J.Corda, 1835
- Parelion
- Pentapodiscus C.G.Ehrenberg, 1843
- Peponia R.K.Greville, 1863
- Peragalla F.Schütt, 1895
- Peragallia F.Schütt, 1895
- Peragalloella H.Van Heurck, 1909
- Periptera Ehrenberg, 1845
- Peristephania C.G.Ehrenberg, 1854
- Perithyra C.G.Ehrenberg ex H.Van Heurck, 1896
- Perizonium F.Cohn & C.Janisch ex L.Rabenhorst, 1864
- Phaeoceros
- Phaeothallus K.I.Meyer
- Phalarina Ehrenberg
- Pharyngoglossa Corda, 1835
- Phialediscus L.Vailionis, 1930
- Phlyctaenia F.T.Kützing, 1849
- Phycorona Blanco, 2020
- Pinnulariosigma T.V.Desikachary, V.N.Raja Rao & V.T.Sridharan, 1989
- Pleurodesmium F.T.Kützing, 1846
- Pleurodiscina P.C.Silva, 1970
- Pleurodiscus J.W.Barker & S.H.Meakin, 1944
- Pleuroneis P.T.Cleve, 1895
- Pleurosiphonia C.G.Ehrenberg, 1871
- Pleurostauron
- Plicatodiscus Z.I.Glezer, 1988
- Ploiaria J.Pantocsek ex Van Heurck, 1896
- Podiscus J.W.Bailey, 1844
- Pododiscus F.T.Kützing, 1844
- Podosphenia Ehrenberg, 1836
- Pogoneis F.E.Round & P.W.Basson, 1997
- Polyceratium A.F.Castracane, 1886
- Polymyscos C.Janisch, 1888
- Ponticella C.G.Ehrenberg, 1873
- Pontodiscus D.N.Temniskova-Topalova & V.S.Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1981
- Poretzkia A.P.Jousé, 1949
- Porocyclia C.G.Ehrenberg, 1848
- Porodiscus R.K.Greville, 1863
- Porostauros F.Habirshaw, 1877
- Porosularia B.V.Skvortzov, 1976
- Praecymatosira Dzinoridze et al., 1979
- Praecymatosira N.I.Strelnikova, 1979
- Praeepithemia A.P.Jousé, 1952
- Pravifusus A.Witkowski, H.Lange-Bertalot & D.Metzeltin, 2000
- Pritchardia L.Rabenhorst, 1864
- Proboscidea T.B.B.Paddock & P.A.Sims, 1980
- Proboscineis F.Butzin, 1980
- Prorostaurus C.G.Ehrenberg, 1843
- Proshkinia N.I.Karayeva, 1978
- Protonema Meneghinini, 1845
- Protorhaphoneis B.Kwiecinska & J.Sieminska, 2000
- Psammoparalia M.G.Baptista, 1998
- Pseudauliscus G.Leuduger-Fortmorel, 1879
- Pseudo-pleurosigma P.T.Cleve & A.Grunow, 1880
- Pseudoaulacodiscus V.N.Vekschina, 1961
- Pseudocerataulus J.Pantocsek, 1889
- Pseudocoscinodiscus A.Grunow, 1883
- Pseudodictyoneis P.T.Cleve ex J.Pantocsek, 1892
- Pseudodimerogramma H.-J.Schrader, 1976
- Pseudodiploneis A.Schmidt, 1874
- Pseudohyalodiscus T.F.Kozyrenko & I.V.Makarova, 1997
- Pseudomastogloia J.Pantocsek, 1905
- Pseudostephanodiscus A.Grunow, 1884
- Pseudosynedra G.Leuduger-Fortmorel ex C.S.Boyer, 1827
- Pseudosynedra J.Pantocsek ex G.Moesz, 1904
- Pseudotribrachia S.Blanco & C.E.Wetzel, 2016
- Psygmatella F.T.Kützing, 1834
- Pterotheca A.Grunow ex Forti, 1909
- Ptychodiscus E.O'Meara, 1867
- Radiodiscus (W.M.Bale) Mills, 1932
- Radiodiscus A.Forti & P.Schulz, 1932
- Radiopalma J.Brun, 1891
- Ralfsia E.O'Meara, 1875
- Rancia L.Mangin ex J.Chavaillon, 1939
- Raphidogloea
- Raphoneis Ehrenb.
- Reicheltia H.Van Heurck, 1896
- Rhabdium C.F.W.Wallroth, 1833
- Rhabdosira C.G.Ehrenberg, 1870
- Rhaphidogloea F.T.Kützing, 1844
- Rhaphiophorasphaera B.L.Clark & A.S.Campbell, 1945
- Rhaphococcus C.G.Ehrenberg, 1871
- Rhipidophora F.T.Kützing, 1844
- Rhizonotia C.G.Ehrenberg, 1843
- Robinsetta G D.Hanna & A.L.Brigger, 1964
- Robinsonetta G.D.Hanna & A.L.Brigger, 1964
- Rosaria Carmichael, 1833
- Rouxia J.Brun & J.Heribaud, 1893
- Rouxiopsis S.Komura, 1996
- Rutilariopsis H.Van Heurck, 1896
- Saeptifera R.M.Gogorev, 2014
- Sagittula S.Komura, 1997
- Salacia J.Pantocsek, 1889
- Salpa P.Lefebure, 1947
- Sameioneis D.J.Russell & R.E.Norris, 1971
- Sawamuraia S.Komura, 1976
- Scalariella C.Riaux-Gobin, 2012
- Scalptrum A.C.J.Corda, 1835
- Scapha Edwards ex C.Johnston, 1860
- Scaphularia F.T.Kützing, 1844
- Schimittia P.Lefebure, 1947
- Schimperiella G.Karsten, 1905
- Schizonema C.A.Agardh, 1824
- Schizostauron A.Grunow, 1867
- Schmidtia C.Janisch, 1888
- Schmidtiella C.H.Ostenfeld, 1903
- Schumanniana P.Lefebure, 1947
- Scoliodiscus A.Jurilj, 1954
- Scytellum C.Agardh, 1827
- Secallia F.Azpeitia, 1911
- Sellaphoropsis D.Metzeltin & H.Lange-Bertalot, 2002
- Sembeya P.Lefebure, 1947
- Semseyia J.Pantocsek, 1902
- Sieminskia D.Metzeltin & H.Lange-Bertalot, 1998
- Sigma M.Peragallo, 1920
- Simonseniella J.Fenner, 1991
- Siphonodiscus S.Komura, 1996
- Skvortzowia M.S.Kulikovskiy, H.Lange-Bertalot & D.Metzeltin, 2012
- Smithiella H.Peragallo, 1901
- Solium P.A.C.Heiberg, 1863
- Spermatogonia G.Leuduger-Fortmorel, 1892
- Sphaerophora (A.H.Hassall) J.Lindley, 1846
- Sphaerotermia C.G.Ehrenberg, 1852
- Sphenella (Kützing) L.Agassiz, 1843
- Sphenella F.T.Kützing, 1844
- Sphenoneis V.B.A.Trevisan di San Leon, 1848
- Sphenophora (Kützing) L.Agassiz, 1843
- Sphenophora F.T.Kützing, 1833
- Sphenosira C.G.Ehrenberg, 1843
- Sphinctocystis A.H.Hassall, 1845
- Spinigera H.Heiden & R.W.Kolbe, 1928
- Spinivinculum R.Ross, 1990
- Spinodiscus T.V.Desikachary & K.A.Ranjitha Devi, 1986
- Staurogramma L.Rabenhorst, 1853
- Stauronella C.Mereschkowsky, 1901
- Staurosigma A.Grunow ex Rabenhorst, 1864
- Stelladiscus J.Rattray, 1890
- Stelodiscus S.Komura, 2001
- Stenopterotia F.Habirshaw, 1878
- Stephanogonia C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Stephanosira C.G.Ehrenberg, 1848
- Stichochrysis Pringsheim, 1955
- Stichocrysis
- Stichostaura C.G.Ehrenberg, 1853
- Stictodiscella G.B.De Toni, 1894
- Stictolecanon S.Komura, 1999
- Stictoneis F.T.Kützing, 1844
- Stigmaphora G.C.Wallich, 1860
- Stigmaphora hungarica Pantocsek, 1892
- Stigmaphora lanceolata Wallich, 1860
- Stigmaphora rostrata Wallich, 1860
- Stoschiella C.Gardner & K.Wenderoth, 1966
- Stoschiella hebetata C.Gardner & K.Wenderoth, 1996[14]
- Streptommion S.Komura, 1997
- Striatocellina Z.I.Glezer, 1988
- Strombus F.Schütt ex A.F.Castracane, 1892
- Sturtgrovea O.Kuntze, 1898
- Stylaria Hooker
- Stylobiblium C.G.Ehrenberg, 1845
- Styloneis C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Suriraya E.Pfitzer, 1871
- Syncyclia C.G.Ehrenberg, 1837
- Syndendrium C.G.Ehrenberg, 1845
- Syrinx A.C.J.Corda, 1835
- Systephania C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Szechenyia J.Pantocsek, 1903
- Tabulina J.Brun, 1889
- Temperea M.Peragallo, 1908
- Temperella F.W.Mills, 1935
- Terebraria R.K.Greville, 1864
- Tessella C.G.Ehrenberg, 1837
- Tetrachaeta C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Tetralophus S.Komura, 2007
- Tetramphora C.Mereschkowsky, 1903
- Tetrapodiscus C.G.Ehrenberg, 1843
- Thaumaleorhabdium V.B.A.Trevisan di San Leon, 1848
- Thumia Cleve ex Lefébure & Chenevière, 1938
- Thumia P.T.Cleve ex F.B.Taylor, 1929
- Tibiella C.E.Bessey, 1900
- Tortilaria W.J.Barker & S.H.Meakin, 1948
- Toxosira A.de Brébisson ex M.Peragallo, 1903
- Triaulacias C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Tribrachia A.Mann, 1925
- Triceras Lobarzewski
- Trifonovia M.S.Kulikovskiy & H.Lange-Bertalot, 2012
- Trisystema S.Komura, 2005
- Trochosirella S.Komura, 1996
- Trochus R.Gersonde & D.M.Harwood, 1990
- Tropidosiphonus S.Komura, 1994
- Truania J.Pantocsek, 1886
- Tschestnovia J.Pantocsek, 1889
- Tubaformis Gombos A.M.Jr., 1983
- Tubularia J.Brun, 1894
- Undatodiscus E.G.Lupikina, 1984
- Unguiella S.Komura, 1996
- Upothema J.A.Long, D.P.Fuge & J.Smith, 1946
- Valdiviella A.F.W.Schimper, 1907
- Valdiviella brevicornis Sars G.O., 1905
- Valdiviella brodskyi Zvereva, 1975
- Valdiviella ignota Sewell, 1929
- Valdiviella imperfecta Brodsky, 1950
- Valdiviella insignis Farran, 1908
- Valdiviella minor Wolfenden, 1911
- Valdiviella oligarthra Steuer, 1904
- Vanheurckella J.Pantocsek, 1892
- 奇異范氏藻 Vanheurckella admirabilis Pantocsek, 1892
- Vanheurckiella Pantocsek ex M.Peragallo, 1897
- Vanhoeffenus H.Heiden & R.W.Kolbe, 1928
- Vavia A.Missuna, 1914
- Vernadskowia A.Missuna, 1914
- Vibrio O.F.Müller, 1773
- Vulcanella P.A.Sims & A.D.Mahood, 1998
- Weissflogia C.Janisch, 1888
- Willemoesia F.Castracane, 1886
- Williamsella C.L.Graeff, J.P.Kociolek & S.R.Rushforth, 2013
- Wittia J.Pantocsek, 1889
- Xanthioisthmus I.Suto, 2006
- Xanthiopsis F.Wolle, 1890
- Xanthiopyxis (C.G.Ehrenberg) C.G.Ehrenberg, 1845
- Zotheca J.Pantocsek, 1902
圖庫
[編輯]-
矽藻(光學顯微鏡下,暗視野)
-
各種矽藻的表面。掃描電子顯微鏡拍攝。
(A:左上)Biddulphia reticulata
(B:左下)Diploneis sp.
(C:右上)Eupodiscus radiatus
(D:右下)Melosira varians
參考文獻
[編輯]- ^ Paul G. Falkowski, Miriam E. Katz, Andrew H. Knoll, et al., The Evolution of Modern Eukaryotic Phytoplankton. SCIENCE, VOL 305, 2004
- ^ 2.0 2.1 吳國芳等. 植物学(第二版)下册. 北京: 高等教育出版社. 1992年: 33-36 [2013年2月28日]. ISBN 7-04-003388-7 (中文(簡體)).
- ^ Hasle, G.R.; Syvertsen,E.E. Marine Diatoms. In: Tomas, C.R.(1997). Identifying Marine Diatoms and Dinoflagellates. Academic Press. 1997: 5–385.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Round, F. E.; Crawford, R. M. The Diatoms. Biology and Morphology of the Genera. UK: Cambridge University Press. 1990.
- ^ Canter-Lund, H; Lund, J.W.G. Freshwater Algae. Biopress Limited. 1995. ISBN 0-948737-25-5 (英語).
- ^ Mann, D. G. The species concept in diatoms. Evolution. 1989, 24 (1): 1–22.[永久失效連結]
- ^ Yool, Andrew; Tyrrell, Toby. Role of diatoms in regulating the ocean’s silicon cycle (PDF). Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 3003, 17 (4): 1103–1124 [2013-04-22]. doi:10.1029/2002GB002018. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2013-09-21).
- ^ Lipps, J.H. Plankton Evolution. Diatoms occur in all oceans from the poles to the tropics; polar and subpolar regions contain relatively few species compared with temperate biota. Although tropical regions exhibit the greatest number of species, more abundant populations are found in polar to temperate regions. 1970, 24 (1): 1–22. JSTOR 2406711. doi:10.2307/2406711.
- ^ Horner, R.A. A Taxonomic Guide to Some Common Marine Phytoplankton. BiopressLtd. 2002: 25–30. ISBN 0-948737-65-4.
- ^ 存档副本. [2013-04-22]. (原始內容存檔於2012-12-23).
- ^ 存档副本. [2013-04-02]. (原始內容存檔於2021-10-05).
- ^ O.E.D. 2nd edition 2005
- ^ CHRISTOPHER S. LOBBAN,J. NELSON NAVARRO.Gato hyalinus gen. etsp. nov., an unusual araphid tube-dwelling diatom from Western Pacific and Caribbean islands[J].Phytotaxa,2013,127(1)
- ^ Claire Gardner , Dieter Schulz , Richard M. Crawford & Klaus Wenderoth (1995) STOSCHIELLA HEBETATA GEN. ET SP. NOV. A DIATOM FROM INTERTIDAL SAND, Diatom Research, 10:2, 241-250, DOI: 10.1080/0269249X.1995.9705347
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