使用者:Simon Wade/沙盒 5
「三位一體」核試驗、廣島、長崎
[編輯]「原爆點」一詞最早用於在新墨西哥州索科羅縣托立尼提沙漠進行的三位一體核試驗，以及後來的廣島與長崎原子彈爆炸中。美國戰略轟炸調查團在1946年6月發出的關於原子彈的報告中，寬泛地使用了「原爆點」一詞，並定義為「為了方便起見，『原爆點』（Ground Zero）一詞將用於表示爆炸點正下方的地面上的點」。戰地記者威廉·勞倫斯稱，「Zero」源於被選為進行三位一體核試驗地點的代號。
《牛津英語詞典》引用1946年《紐約時報》關於被摧毀的廣島市的一篇報道，將原爆點定義為「炸彈爆炸時正下方的地面，特指原子彈」。
在廣島，實際的原爆點為島醫院，與預定的原爆點相生橋偏移了600米。
五角大樓
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During the Cold War, The Pentagon, the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense in Arlington County, Virginia, was an assured target in the event of nuclear war. The open space in the center of the Pentagon became known informally as ground zero. A snack bar that used to be located at the center of this open space was nicknamed "Cafe Ground Zero".[1]
| 生意人報 | |
|---|---|
| 類型 | 日報 |
| 持有者 | 阿利舍爾·烏斯馬諾夫 |
| 創刊日 | 1909年 1989年 |
| 語言 | 俄文 |
| 總部 |  俄羅斯莫斯科 |
| 發行量 | 120,000-130,000（截至2013年7月） |
| ISSN | 1563-6380 |
| 網站 | kommersant.ru |
《生意人報》（俄語：Коммерса́нтъ，IPA：[kəmʲɪrˈsant]，經常被簡稱為«Ъ»），俄羅斯的一份於全國發行的日報，以政治和商業報道為主。
歷史
[編輯]《生意人報》最初於1909年創刊，1917年因為布爾什維克掌權並引入審查制度後被迫停刊。
1989年，隨著俄羅斯新聞自由的放開，《生意人報》復刊，由商人弗拉基米爾·雅科夫列夫所有。
2005年1月，《生意人報》在版面上「開天窗」，以抗議法院要求報社就之前發表的關於Alfa 銀行危機的報道刊登糾正聲明。當期唯一的一篇文章，以上下顛倒的形勢刊登在頭版。
多邊會議
[編輯]
30°14′4.2″N 120°7′19.8″E / 30.234500°N 120.122167°E 704工程，又被稱為林彪行宮，是中共領導人林彪在浙江省杭州市修建的別墅群和地下軍事基地，現位於杭州市西湖區三台山路278號浙江賓館內。
因為工程於1970年4月開始建設，故稱為704工程。
歷史
[編輯]建築
[編輯]別墅群
[編輯]地下軍事基地
[編輯]另見
[編輯]參考文獻
[編輯]- ^ 1.0 1.1 Pentagon Hot Dog Stand, Cold War Legend, to be Torn Down. United States Department of Defense. September 20, 2006 [2010-05-06].
'It's rumored that a portion of their (Soviet) nuclear arsenal was directed at that building, the Pentagon hot dog stand,' tour guides tell visitors as they pass the stand. 'This is where the building earned the nickname Cafe Ground Zero, the deadliest hot dog stand in the world.'
Bibliography
[編輯]Books
[編輯]- The Day the World came to town: 9/11 in Gander, Newfoundland. Harper Collins. 2003. ISBN 978-0-06-055971-7.
- Transport Canada. 11–09–2001 Four Days in September (PDF). Ottawa: Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. 2002. ISBN 0-662-66832-4.
Television
[編輯]- Attack on the USA (television). CBC News. 2001-09-11.
- Global National: America Under Attack (television). Global TV. 2001-09-11.
Newspapers
[編輯]- Higgins, Michael; Smyth, Julie. Military Escorts Jets to Airports After Hijacking Fears. The National Post. September 12, 2001: A9.
| 北外灘白玉蘭廣場 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 概要 | |
| 狀態 | 竣工 |
| 類型 | 混合（辦公、零售、酒店） |
| 建築風格 | 現代主義 |
| 地點 |  中國上海市虹口區 |
| 座標 | 31°15′4″N 121°29′36.75″E / 31.25111°N 121.4935417°E{{#coordinates:}}：每頁不能有多個主標籤 |
| 起造 | 2008年 |
| 竣工日 | 2017年 |
| 高度 | |
| 屋頂 | 辦公塔樓：319.5公尺（1,048英尺） 酒店塔樓：171.7公尺（563英尺） |
| 技術細節 | |
| 建築面積 | 817,000平方公尺（8,790,000平方英尺） |
| 層數 | 辦公塔樓：66 酒店塔樓：39 |
| 設計與建造 | |
| 建築師 | SOM建築設計事務所 |
| 開發商 | 金光集團、上海金港北外灘置業有限公司 |
| 主承包商 | 上海建工集團 |
北外灘白玉蘭廣場位於中國上海市虹口區黃浦江北岸，由一棟高319.5米的辦公塔樓、一棟高171.7米的酒店塔樓以及一個購物中心組成。
白玉蘭廣場的辦公塔樓超越上海世茂國際廣場，以319.5米的建築高度（不含頂部天線等各類設施）成為浦西第一高樓、上海第五高樓。[1]
歷史
[編輯]- 上海外灘W酒店
參考文獻
[編輯]- ^ 遲騰. 上海再添摩天大厦，浦西第一高楼正式竣工亮相. 解放日報. 2017-01-04 [2018-12-17].
外部連結
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Legal issues
[編輯]What rights and privileges honorary citizenship bestows, if any, is unclear. According to State Department documents, it does not grant eligibility for United States passports.[1]
Despite widespread belief that Lafayette received honorary citizenship of the United States before Churchill,[2] he did not receive honorary citizenship until 2002. Lafayette did become a natural-born citizen during his lifetime. On 28 December 1784, the Maryland General Assembly passed a resolution stating that Lafayette and his male heirs "forever shall be...natural born Citizens" of the state.[3] This made him a natural-born citizen of the United States under the Articles of Confederation and as defined in Section 1 of Article Two of the United States Constitution.[4][5][2][6][7][8]
Lafayette boasted in 1792 that he had become an American citizen before the French Revolution created the concept of French citizenship.[9] In 1803, President Jefferson wrote him he would have offered to make him Governor of Louisiana, had he been "on the spot".[10] In 1932, descendant René de Chambrun established his American citizenship based on the Maryland resolution,[11][12] although he was probably ineligible as the inherited citizenship was likely only intended for direct descendants who were heir to Lafayette's estate and title.[13] The Board of Immigration Appeals ruled in 1955 that "it is possible to argue" that Lafayette and living male heirs became American citizens when the Constitution became effective on 4 March 1789, but that heirs born later were not U.S. citizens.[5]
Honorary citizenship should not be confused with citizenship or permanent residency bestowed by a private bill. Private bills are, on rare occasions, used to provide relief to individuals, often in immigration cases, and are also passed by Congress and signed into law by the President. One such statute, granting Elián González U.S. citizenship, was suggested in 1999, but was never enacted.[14]
| Olympic Laurel | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 主辦單位 | International Olympic Committee |
The Olympic Laurel is a distinction awarded by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to honour those who have "made significant achievements in education, culture, development and peace through sport". It was introduced in 2016 to implement part of recommendation 26 of Olympic Agenda 2020,[15] and will be presented during the opening ceremony of each Olympic Games. IOC President Thomas Bach stated that the award reconnects the Olympics the ideals and values of the Ancient Olympic Games.[16] The trophy features a laurel wreath and the Olympic rings which are made out of Fairmined Gold and the base is a stone from Ancient Olympia.[17][16]
List of Olympic Laurel recipients
[編輯]| Year | Name | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 |  Kipchoge Keino
|
[18] |
| 2018 |  Jacques Rogge
|
[19] |
| 2020/1 |  Muhammad Yunus
|
[20] |
References
[編輯]- ^ 8 FAM 306.1: Honorary Citizenship. Foreign Affairs Manual Volume 8. U.S. Department of State. 27 June 2018 [18 July 2018].
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Sir Winston May Get U.S. Citizenship. Sarasota Journal. UPI. 1963-03-11: 5 [25 February 2016].
- ^ Lafayette again became an honorary citizen of Maryland in 1823, as well as of Connecticut the same year.
- ^ Speare, Morris Edmund. Lafayette, Citizen of America (PDF). The New York Times. 7 September 1919 [2 February 2011].
- ^ 5.0 5.1 IN THE MATTER OF M, 6 IN Dec. 749 (B.I.A. 1955). 「We need not consider the precise effect of the Maryland act of 1784 upon the political status of Lafayette and such of his male heirs as had been born prior to the date when the Constitution of the United States became effective (March 4, 1789). It is possible to argue that they were citizens of Maryland and under Section 2 of Article IV of the United States Constitution should be considered citizens of the United States. However, we hold that when Congress by legislation set forth the requirements for citizenship, the descendents of Lafayette who were born thereafter could only acquire United States citizenship on the terms specified by Congress, and they were not in a position to acquire such citizenship by virtue of the Maryland act of 1784.」
- ^ Folliard, Edward T. JFK Slipped on Historical Data In Churchill Tribute. Sarasota Journal. 25 May 1973 [2 February 2011].
- ^ Cornell, Douglas B. Churchill Acceptance 'Honors Us Far More'. The Sumter Daily Item. 10 April 1963 [2 February 2011].
- ^ Plumpton, John. A Son of America Though a Subject of Britain. Finest Hour (The Churchill Centre). Summer 1988, (60).
- ^ Lafayette: Citizen of Two Worlds. Lafayette: Citizen of Two Worlds. Cornell University Library. 2006 [2012-09-29].
- ^ Lafayette’s Triumphal Tour: America, 1824-1825. Lafayette: Citizen of Two Worlds. Cornell University Library. 2006 [2 February 2011].
- ^ Letters. TIME. 2 December 1940 [2 February 2011].
- ^ Rogister, John. Obituaries: René de Chambrun. The Independent. 17 August 2002 [2 February 2011]. 原始內容存檔於January 1, 2010.
- ^ Gottschalk, Louis Reichenthal. Lafayette Between the American and the French Revolution (1783-1789). University of Chicago Press. 1950: 435–436.
- ^ Bash, Dana. Helms says he aims to offer U.S. citizenship to Elian Gonzalez. CNN. 23 December 1999 [2 February 2011].
- ^ Plympic agaenda recommendations (PDF). stillmed.olympic.org. 2020 [2020-02-29].
- ^ 16.0 16.1 New Olympic Laurel Award to “Reconnect with the Ideals and Values of the Ancient Olympic Games” - Olympic News. Olympic.org. [2020-02-29].
- ^ Posted by fairmined on August 13, 2016 in Events. THE OLYMPIC LAUREL: A new trophy made of Fairmined Gold. Fairmined. 2016-08-13 [2020-02-29].
- ^ Kip Keino to receive Olympic Laurel distinction. IOC. [15 August 2016].
- ^ https://www.apnews.com/c0762949da024bdfac1307f31e26e758
- ^ https://thebridge.in/tokyo-2020/bangladeshi-nobel-laureate-Dr.-muhammad-yunus-olympic-laurel-23172
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