单纯疱疹病毒

单纯疱疹病毒
	; TEM 单纯疱疹病毒显微照片 .
病毒分類
組：	Group I（dsDNA）
科：	Herpesviridae;
亞科：	Alphaherpesvirinae;
屬：	Simplexvirus;
Species
	Herpes simplex virus 1 (HWJ-1); Herpes simplex virus 2 (HWJ-2)

本文介绍的是该病毒。關於该病毒致病的有关信息，请参见「单纯性疱疹」。

单纯疱疹病毒 1 和 2 (HSV-1 和 HSV-2)，也叫人类单纯疱疹病毒 1 和 2 (HHV-1 and -2)，是疱疹病毒科Herpesviridae中的感染人类的两类。^[1] HSV-1 和 -2都是普遍存在的且接触传染的。当患者产生和释放病毒时，单纯疱疹病毒就会传播。

单纯疱疹病毒感染症状包括口、唇或生殖器的皮肤或粘液膜上出现水泡。^[1] 病灶显示疱疹状的病毒典型的痂。在病发时，病毒会产生非常轻微或异常症状。然而，作为亲神经的和神经侵入性的病毒，HSV-1和-2通过潜伏并避开神经细胞体中的免疫系统驻留在人体内。在第一次感染后，部分患者经历病毒再激活或暴发散发期。发病时，神经细胞中的病毒变得活跃，通过神经轴突转移到皮肤，出现病毒复制和释放，导致新的疼痛。^[2]

[编辑] 传播

主条目：单纯性疱疹

HSV-1和-2是通过接触病毒复发期皮肤感染区而传染的。潜伏期，疱疹病毒并不传染。在病毒症状复发期，伴有可见的和典型的皮肤疼痛，传染很可能发生。无症状的复发是指病毒导致非典型的、轻微的或不明显的症状，不能确认为发病疱疹症状。非典型症状通常归咎于其他原因，如酵母菌感染。^[3] ^[4] HSV-1是通常幼儿期口传染的，但也可能是性传染的。 HSV-2主要是性传染的，但HSV-1生殖器感染率正不断增长。^[3]

尽管可能性很小，两种病毒也都可能通过分娩传染的。 ^[5] 如果母亲在分娩时没有症状或爆开的水泡，传染的可能性极小。母亲在怀妊晚期首次得此病毒，传染的可能性极大。^[6]

通常第一次感染HSV时，疱疹症状会最严重，因为身体里还没有生殖器疱疹抗体来帮助你抵抗疱疹病毒。首次口腔疱疹(口腔疼痛)发作≈1%可能发展成无菌性脑膜炎.^[1]

[编辑] 微生物学

[编辑] 病毒结构

動物疱疹病毒有相同的特性。疱疹病毒的結構包含了相當大的雙絞股、線性的DNA 基因組，以稱為衣殼的正二十面體蛋白質外殼，衣殼又被稱為病毒包膜（envelope）的脂雙層（lipid bilayer）包起。

The open reading frames (ORFs) of HSV-1^[7]^[8]
基因	蛋白質	功能/描述	基因	蛋白質	功能/描述
UL1	糖蛋白 L [1]	Surface and membrane	UL38	UL38; VP19C [2]	Capsid assembly and DNA maturation
UL2	UL2 [3]	Uracil-DNA glycosylase	UL39	UL39 [4]	Ribonucleotide reductase (Large subunit)
UL3	UL3 [5]	unknown	UL40	UL40 [6]	Ribonucleotide reductase (Small subunit)
UL4	UL4 [7]	unknown	UL41	UL41; VHS [8]	Tegument protein; Virion host shutoff^[9]
UL5	UL5 [9]	DNA複製	UL42	UL42 [10]	DNA polymerase processivity factor
UL6	UL6 [11]	Processing and packaging DNA	UL43	UL43 [12]	Membrane protein
UL7	UL7 [13]	Virion maturation	UL44	Glycoprotein C [14]	Surface and membrane
UL8	UL8 [15]	DNA helicase/primase complex-associated protein	UL45	UL45 [16]	Membrane protein; C-type lectin^[10]
UL9	UL9 [17]	Replication origin-binding protein	UL46	VP11/12 [18]	Tegument proteins
UL10	Glycoprotein M [19]	Surface and membrane	UL47	UL47; VP13/14 [20]	Tegument protein
UL11	UL11 [21]	virion exit and secondary envelopment	UL48	VP16 (Alpha-TIF) [22]	Virion maturation; activate IEGs by interacting with the cellular transcription factors Oct-1 and HCF. Binds to the sequence ^5'TAATGARAT^3'.
UL12	UL12 [23]	Alkaline exonuclease	UL49	UL49A [24]	Envelope protein
UL13	UL13 [25]	Serine-threonine protein kinase	UL50	UL50 [26]	dUTP diphosphatase
UL14	UL14 [27]	Tegument protein	UL51	UL51 [28]	Tegument protein
UL15	Terminase [29]	Processing and packaging of DNA	UL52	UL52 [30]	DNA helicase/primase complex protein
UL16	UL16 [31]	Tegument protein	UL53	Glycoprotein K [32]	Surface and membrane
UL17	UL17 [33]	Processing and packaging DNA	UL54	IE63; ICP27 [34]	Transcriptional regulation
UL18	VP23 [35]	Capsid protein	UL55	UL55 [36]	Unknown
UL19	VP5 [37]	Major capsid protein	UL56	UL56 [38]	Unknown
UL20	UL20 [39]	Membrane protein	US1	ICP22; IE68 [40]	Viral replication
UL21	UL21 [41]	Tegument protein^[11]	US2	US2 [42]	Unknown
UL22	Glycoprotein H [43]	Surface and membrane	US3	US3 [44]	Serine/threonine-protein kinase
UL23	Thymidine kinase [45]	Peripheral to DNA replication	US4	Glycoprotein G [46]	Surface and membrane
UL24	UL24 [47]	unknown	US5	Glycoprotein J [48]	Surface and membrane
UL25	UL25 [49]	Processing and packaging DNA	US6	Glycoprotein D [50]	Surface and membrane
UL26	P40; VP24; VP22A [51]	Capsid protein	US7	Glycoprotein I [52]	Surface and membrane
UL27	Glycoprotein B [53]	Surface and membrane	US8	Glycoprotein E [54]	Surface and membrane
UL28	ICP18.5 [55]	Processing and packaging DNA	US9	US9 [56]	Tegument protein
UL29	UL29; ICP8 [57]	Major DNA-binding protein	US10	US10 [58]	Capsid/Tegument protein
UL30	DNA polymerase [59]	DNA replication	US11	US11; Vmw21 [60]	Binds DNA and RNA
UL31	UL31 [61]	Nuclear matrix protein	US12	ICP47; IE12 [62]	Inhibits MHC class I pathway by preventing binding of antigen to TAP
UL32	UL32 [63]	Envelope glycoprotein	RS1	ICP4; IE175 [64]	Activates gene transcription
UL33	UL33 [65]	Processing and packaging DNA	ICP0	ICP0; IE110; α0 [66]	E3 ubiquitin ligase that activates viral gene transcription and counteracts the interferon response
UL34	UL34 [67]	Inner nuclear membrane protein	LRP1	LRP1 [68]	Latency-related protein
UL35	VP26 [69]	Capsid protein	LRP2	LRP2 [70]	Latency-related protein
UL36	UL36 [71]	Large tegument protein	RL1	RL1; ICP34.5 [72]	Neurovirulence factor. Antagonizes PKR by de-phosphorylating eIF4a.
UL37	UL37 [73]	Capsid assembly	LAT	none [74]	Latency-associated transcript

[编辑] 进入细胞

[编辑] 基因接种

[编辑] 免疫

[编辑] 复制

[编辑] 潜伏性感染

[编辑] 治疗和疫苗开发

[编辑] 和阿尔茨海默病的关系

[编辑] 参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors). Sherris Medical Microbiology. 4th. McGraw Hill. 2004: 555–62. ISBN 0838585299.
^ Herpes simplex. DermNet NZ — New Zealand Dermatological Society. 2006-09-16 [2006-10-15].
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Gupta R, Warren T, Wald A. Genital herpes. Lancet. 2007, 370 (9605): 2127–37. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61908-4. PMID 18156035.
^ 引用错误：无效<ref>标签；未为name属性为PMID_18186706的引用提供文字
^ Corey L, Wald A. Maternal and Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infections. New England Journal of Medicine. 2009, 361 (14): 1376–85. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0807633. PMID 19797284.
^ Kimberlin DW. Herpes simplex virus infections of the newborn. Semin. Perinatol.. 2007, 31 (1): 19–25. doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2007.01.003. PMID 17317423.
^ 引用错误：无效<ref>标签；未为name属性为pmid16490275的引用提供文字
^ Search in UniProt Knowledgebase (Swiss-Prot and TrEMBL) for: HHV1
^ Matis J, Kúdelová M. Early shutoff of host protein synthesis in cells infected with herpes simplex viruses. Acta Virol.. 2001, 45 (5-6): 269–77. PMID 12083325.
^ Wyrwicz LS, Ginalski K, Rychlewski L. HSV-1 UL45 encodes a carbohydrate binding C-type lectin protein. Cell Cycle. 2007, 7 (2): 269–71. PMID 18256535.
^ Vittone V, Diefenbach E, Triffett D, Douglas MW, Cunningham AL, Diefenbach RJ. Determination of interactions between tegument proteins of herpes simplex virus type 1. J. Virol.. 2005, 79 (15): 9566–71. doi:10.1128/JVI.79.15.9566-9571.2005. PMID 16014918.

[编辑] 外部链接

Template:STD/STI Template:Viral cutaneous conditions Template:Baltimore classification

[Sherris-0] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors). Sherris Medical Microbiology. 4th. McGraw Hill. 2004: 555–62. ISBN 0838585299.

[1] Herpes simplex. DermNet NZ — New Zealand Dermatological Society. 2006-09-16 [2006-10-15].

[pmid18156035-2] 3.0 ^3.1 Gupta R, Warren T, Wald A. Genital herpes. Lancet. 2007, 370 (9605): 2127–37. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61908-4. PMID 18156035.

[PMID_18186706] 引用错误：无效<ref>标签；未为name属性为PMID_18186706的引用提供文字

[pmid19797284-4] Corey L, Wald A. Maternal and Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infections. New England Journal of Medicine. 2009, 361 (14): 1376–85. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0807633. PMID 19797284.

[pmid17317423-5] Kimberlin DW. Herpes simplex virus infections of the newborn. Semin. Perinatol.. 2007, 31 (1): 19–25. doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2007.01.003. PMID 17317423.

[pmid16490275] 引用错误：无效<ref>标签；未为name属性为pmid16490275的引用提供文字

[7] Search in UniProt Knowledgebase (Swiss-Prot and TrEMBL) for: HHV1

[pmid12083325-8] Matis J, Kúdelová M. Early shutoff of host protein synthesis in cells infected with herpes simplex viruses. Acta Virol.. 2001, 45 (5-6): 269–77. PMID 12083325.

[pmid18256535-9] Wyrwicz LS, Ginalski K, Rychlewski L. HSV-1 UL45 encodes a carbohydrate binding C-type lectin protein. Cell Cycle. 2007, 7 (2): 269–71. PMID 18256535.

[pmid16014918-10] Vittone V, Diefenbach E, Triffett D, Douglas MW, Cunningham AL, Diefenbach RJ. Determination of interactions between tegument proteins of herpes simplex virus type 1. J. Virol.. 2005, 79 (15): 9566–71. doi:10.1128/JVI.79.15.9566-9571.2005. PMID 16014918.

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