瑪麗·特羅斯特內茲滅絕營

瑪麗·特羅斯特內茲滅絕營
瑪麗·特羅斯特內茲滅絕營
	滅絕營
	瑪麗·特羅斯特內茲受害者紀念碑
知名於	猶太人大屠殺
位置	白俄羅斯明斯克
原用途	種族滅絕
運行時間	1942年–1943年
死亡	約 65,000
解放	蘇軍

瑪麗·特羅斯特內茲滅絕營（德語：Vernichtungslager Maly Trostinez）^[1]^[2]，是納粹德國在奧斯蘭總督轄區白俄羅斯明斯克郊外特羅斯特內茲（白俄羅斯語：Трасцянец）建立的滅絕營。運營於1942年7月到1943年10月間，明斯克最後的一批猶太人被殺害並埋葬於此地。^[1]^[2]1944年7月3日，該滅絕營被蘇聯紅軍解放。

參考資料[編輯]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Dr. Leonid Smilovitsky. Ilya Ehrenburg on the Holocaust in Belarus: Unknown Testimony. Vol. 29, No. 1–2. East European Jewish Affairs: 61–74. Summer–Winter 1999 [1 September 2013]. （原始內容存檔於2002-12-14）. Ilya Ehrenburg's Black Book cites the official data that in all, 206,500 people were murdered at Trostenets, of whom 150,000 were killed at the Blagovshchina Forest between September 1941 and October 1943, and another 50,000 at the Shashkovka Forest between October 1943 and June 1944. 請檢查|date=中的日期值 (幫助)
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Yad Vashem. Maly Trostinets (PDF file, direct download 19.5 KB). Shoah Resource Center, The International School for Holocaust Studies. 2013 [1 September 2013]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2013-09-21）.

參考文獻[編輯]

Ernst Klee and Willi Dressen, with Volker Riess, 「Gott mit uns」: Der deutsche Vernichtungskrieg im Osten, 1939–1945 (Frankfurt am Main, S. Fischer, 1989).
Shmuel Spector, 『Aktion 1005 – Effacing the Murder of Millions』, Holocaust Genocide Studies (Oxford), vol. 5 (1990), pp. 157–173 [on the Nazi attempts to obliterate the evidence of mass murder at Maly-Trostinets (the spelling of the place-name adopted by Spector)]
Paul Kohl, Der Krieg der deutschen Wehrmacht und der Polizei, 1941–1944: sowjetische Überlebende berichten, with an essay by Wolfram Wette (Frankfurt am Main, Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, 1995) [includes a photo of the camp].
Christian Gerlach, Kalkulierte Morde: Die deutsche Wirtschafts- und Vernichtungspolitik in Weißrußland 1941 bis 1944 (Hamburg, Hamburger Edition, 1999).
Hans Safrian, 『Expediting Expropriation and Expulsion: The Impact of the 「Vienna Model」 on Anti-Jewish Policies in Nazi Germany, 1938』, Holocaust Genocide Studies (Oxford), vol. 14 (2000), pp. 390–414 [mentions deportations from Austria to Maly Trostinets (the spelling adopted by Safrian)].
[Ė.G. Ioffe, G.D. Knat』ko, V.D. Selemenev, comps.], Kholokost v Belarusi, 1941–1944: dokumenty i materially [Holocaust in Belarus, 1941–1944: Documents and Materials] (Minsk, NARB [National Archives of the Republic of Belarus], 2002).
[V.I. Adamushko, et al., comps.], Лагерь смерти 「Тростенец」: Документы и материалы [The Trostenets Death Camp: Documents and Materials] (Minsk, NARB [National Archives of the Republic of Belarus], 2003) [includes some 25 pages of photographic evidence; ISBN 985-6372-30-5].
[K.I. Kozak, et al., eds.], Henatsyd u druhoĭ susvetnaĭ vaĭne: Prablemy dasledavanniya u pamiyats akhviyar Trastsiyantsa... (Minsk, Vydavetski tsentr BDU, 2003) [proceedings of the international conference on the subject of the 『Todeslager Trostenez』 (so spelt in the book) held in Minsk between April 25 and 27, 2002].
S.V. Zhumar』 & R.A. Chernoglazova, comps., Trostenets (Minsk, GK 『Poligrafoformlenie’, 2003) [published under the auspices of the Belarus government; includes summaries in English and German; Library of Congress call No. D805.5.M358 T76 2003].
Igor』 Kuznyetsov, 『В поисках правды, или Трагедия Тростенца: до и после』 [In Search of Truth; or, The Tragedy of Trostenets: Before and After], Belorusskaya delovaya gazeta [Belarus Business News] (Minsk), No. 1416 (April 2, 2004) [makes the interesting claim, supported in part by references to published sources (e.g., A.I. Zalesskiĭ, I.V. Stalin i kovarstvo ego politicheskikh protivnikov, 2 vols., Minsk, 1999–2002), that the Blagovshchina Forest had previously been the execution ground of choice for the local branches of the Soviet NKVD].
[Petr Krymsky], 『Тростенец – белорусский 「Oсвенцим」』 [Trostenets – Belarusian 『Auschwitz』], Rossiĭskie vesti [Russian News] (Moscow), No. 16 (1771), May 11–18, 2005 [seems to take issue with the claims made in the preceding article; includes two contemporary photographs of Soviet excavations].
[Z.R. Iofe, et al., eds.], Laher smertsi Tras’tsyanyets, 1941–1944 hh.: pamiyatsi akhviyar natsyzma ŭ Belarusi [The Tras’tsyanyets Death Camp, 1941–1944: In Memory of the Victims of Nazism in Belarus] (Minsk, Histarychnaiya maĭstėrniya, 2005).
The Invasion of the Soviet Union and the Beginnings of Mass Murder on the Yad Vashem website
Marking 70 Years to Operation Barbarossa on the Yad Vashem website

[Smilovitsky-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Dr. Leonid Smilovitsky. Ilya Ehrenburg on the Holocaust in Belarus: Unknown Testimony. Vol. 29, No. 1–2. East European Jewish Affairs: 61–74. Summer–Winter 1999 [1 September 2013]. （原始內容存檔於2002-12-14）. Ilya Ehrenburg's Black Book cites the official data that in all, 206,500 people were murdered at Trostenets, of whom 150,000 were killed at the Blagovshchina Forest between September 1941 and October 1943, and another 50,000 at the Shashkovka Forest between October 1943 and June 1944. 請檢查|date=中的日期值 (幫助)

[Yad_Vashem-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Yad Vashem. Maly Trostinets (PDF file, direct download 19.5 KB). Shoah Resource Center, The International School for Holocaust Studies. 2013 [1 September 2013]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2013-09-21）.

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