仲裁委员会 (英语维基百科):修订间差异
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#REDIRECT [[仲裁]] |
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| above = 仲裁委员会 |
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| image = [[File:EnArbJune2009.png|250px]] |
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| caption = 2009年仲裁委员会描述页的截图 |
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| label1 = 成立 |
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| data1 = 2003年12月4日<ref name="Wales1">{{cite web|url=http://markmail.org/message/komcldyapats43xj#query:+page:1+mid:komcldyapats43xj+state:results |title= WikiEN-l Wikiquette committee appointments|accessdate=2009-06-09|last=Wales|first=Jimmy|date=2003-12-04|work=Wikipedia|publisher=[[维基媒体基金会|Wikimedia Foundation]] }}</ref> |
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| label10 = 网址 |
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| data10 = [[:en:Wikipedia:Arbitration Committee|维基百科:仲裁委员会]] |
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[[英语维基百科]]网站的'''仲裁委员会'''({{lang|en|'''Arbitration Committee'''}},简称{{lang|en|'''ArbCom'''}})是几位编者组成的,对于与其他编者所发生的争论实施具有约束力的裁决。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/in-depth/democracy-for-knowalls/2006/11/30/1164777721624.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap2 |title=Know-alls |accessdate=2009-06-15 |last=Schiff |first=Stacy |authorlink = Stacy Schiff |date=2006-12-02 |work=The Age |publisher=Fairfax Digital Network }}</ref>[[吉米·威爾斯]]于2003年12月4日成立委员会,作为威尔斯之前身为网站所有者拥有的决定权的扩展。<ref name="Wales1"/><ref name="SSRN">{{cite journal|title=Wikitruth Through Wikiorder |journal=Emory Law Journal|year=2010|first=David A.|last=Hoffman|author2=Salil Mehra |volume=59|issue=2010|pages=|ssrn=1354424}}</ref>作为编者之间争论解决的[[最高法院|最終審判庭]],委员会处理过几百宗案子。<ref name='NYT-2009'>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/08/technology/internet/08link.html?hpw|title=The Wars of Words on Wikipedia’s Outskirts|accessdate=2009-06-09|last=Cohen|first=Noam|date=2009-06-07|work=The New York Times|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20090612085745/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/08/technology/internet/08link.html?hpw|archivedate=12 June 2009|deadurl=no}}</ref>委员会成为学者研究[[争论的解决]]的实例,公共媒体在报道各案例的决定以及维基百科相关争议时也提及委员会。<ref name='SSRN'/><ref name='NZ-2009'>{{cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/technology/news/article.cfm?c_id=5&objectid=10577178 |title=Wikipedia sentinel quits after 'sock-puppeting' scandal |accessdate=2009-06-09 |last=Welham |first=Jamie |author2=Nina Lakhan |date=2009-06-08 |work=The New Zealand Herald |publisher=APN Holdings NZ Limited }}</ref><ref name='T-2009'>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/scienceandtechnology/technology/wikipedia/5408761/Church-of-Scientology-members-banned-from-editing-Wikipedia.html |title=Church of Scientology members banned from editing Wikipedia |accessdate=2009-06-09 |last=Moore |first=Matthew |date=2009-05-30 |work=The Daily Telegraph |publisher=Telegraph Media Group Ltd | archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20090602104528/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/scienceandtechnology/technology/wikipedia/5408761/Church-of-Scientology-members-banned-from-editing-Wikipedia.html| archivedate= 2 June 2009|deadurl= no}}</ref> |
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==历史== |
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2003年10月,作为维基百科礼仪讨论的一部分,当时的[[维基媒体基金会]]法律顾问{{lang|en|Alex T. Roshuk}}草拟了1300个单词调解和仲裁提纲。这个提纲演变成两个委员会:调解委员会和仲裁委员会,吉米·威尔斯于2003年12月4日正式宣布成立。<ref name='SSRN'/><ref name='AR'>{{cite web|url=http://www.roshuklaw.com/ |title=Law office of Alex T. Roshuk |accessdate=2009-06-14 |last=Roshuk |first=Alex T. |year=2008 | archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20090629055224/http://www.roshuklaw.com/| archivedate= 29 June 2009| deadurl= no}}</ref>久而久之,“仲裁委员会”的概念由维基媒体基金会其他项目的社群采纳。 |
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最初成立时,委员会由12位[[仲裁员]](三组,四人一组)组成。<ref name='Wales1'/><ref name='Fortune'>{{cite web|url=http://money.cnn.com/2006/05/31/magazines/fortune/mysql_greatteams_fortune/index.htm |title=Secrets of Greatness: Great Teams |accessdate=2009-06-15 |last=Hyatt |first=Josh |date=2006-06-01 |work=Fortune |publisher=Time Warner}}</ref>截至2008年,委员会处理了371宗案子,补救措施不尽相同,从警告到封禁。<ref name='CSM'>{{cite web|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0105/p13s02-stct.html |title=Online Wikipedia is not Britannica - but it's close |accessdate=2009-06-15 |last=Lamb |first=Gregory M. |date=2006-01-05 |work=The Christian Science Monitor }}</ref><ref name='S-2004'>{{cite web|url=http://dir.salon.com/story/tech/feature/2004/04/27/wikipedia |title=Everyone is an editor |accessdate=2009-06-09 |last=Williams |first=Sam |date=2004-04-27 |work=Salon.com |publisher=Salon Media Group}}</ref> |
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==关注和争议== |
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《埃默里法学期刊》({{lang|en|''Emory Law Journal''}})刊登的一项统计研究显示,委员会大致上遵守不理用户纠纷的内容,专注于操守的原则。<ref name='SSRN'/>同一调查也发现,尽管每个案子个别情况评估,但是发生的行为类别与委员会实施的补救措施及裁决有关联。 |
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2007年,用户名为{{lang|en|Essjay}}的仲裁员从委员会辞职,因为他被发现在一次《[[纽约时报]]》采访中谎称自己的学历和专业资历。<ref name='NYT-E'>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/12/technology/12wiki.html?ex=1331352000&en=668e67bce73bf6c6&ei=5089&partner=rssyahoo&emc=rss |title=After False Claim, Wikipedia to Check Degrees |accessdate=2009-06-14 |last=Cohen |first=Noam |date=2007-03-12 |work=The New York Times }}</ref><ref name='NYT-2006'>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/17/technology/17wiki.html?scp=3&sq=Arbitration%20Committee%20Wikipedia&st=cse |title=Growing Wikipedia Refines Its 'Anyone Can Edit' Policy |accessdate=2009-06-09 |last=Hafner |first=Katie |date=2006-06-17 |work=The New York Times }}</ref><ref name='NYT-2007'>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/05/technology/05wikipedia.html?scp=1&sq=Essjay&st=cse |title=A Contributor to Wikipedia Has His Fictional Side |accessdate=2009-06-09 |last=Cohen |first=Noam |date=2007-03-05 |work=The New York Times}}</ref>2009年5月,在用户名{{lang|en|Sam Blacketer}}之下编辑的仲裁员因为隐瞒过去的编辑曝光,从委员会辞职。 |
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2009年,媒体广泛关注仲裁委员会,因为委员会决定封禁“[[山达基教会]]和相关组织拥有或经营的所有IP地址”,作为第四宗山达基相关案件的一部分。<ref name='NYT-2009'/><ref name='TG'/>这样一行为是拥有8年历史的维基百科的一“小先例”,<ref name='NYT-2009'/>多个新闻业务如《纽约时报》、《[[ABC新聞]]》、《[[衛報]]》等报道此事件。<ref name='NYT-2009'/><ref name='TG'>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2009/may/29/wikipedia-scientology |title=Wikipedia bans Church of Scientology from editing |accessdate=2009-06-14 |last=Fitzsimmons |first=Caitlin |date=2009-05-29 |work=The Guardian | archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20090611225227/http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2009/may/29/wikipedia-scientology| archivedate= 11 June 2009| deadurl= no}}</ref><ref name='ABC'>{{cite web|url=http://www.abcnews.go.com/Technology/AheadoftheCurve/story?id=7708616&page=1 |title=Wikipedia Blocks Church of Scientology From Editing Entries |accessdate=2009-06-14 |last=Heussner |first=Ki Mae |author2=Ned Potter |date=2009-05-29 |publisher=ABC News | archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20090602204246/http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/AheadoftheCurve/Story?id=7708616&page=1| archivedate= 2 June 2009| deadurl= no}}</ref> |
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==姐妹项目的仲裁委员会== |
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2007年,[[德語維基百科|德语]]<ref name='dewiki-2007'>{{cite web|url=http://www.heise.de/newsticker/Wikipedia-sucht-Schiedsrichter--/meldung/89083 |title=Wikipedia sucht Schiedsrichter |accessdate=2009-06-09 |last=Kleinz |first=Torsten |date=2007-04-30 |publisher=Heise Online |language=German|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20090501114321/http://www.heise.de/newsticker/Wikipedia-sucht-Schiedsrichter--/meldung/89083| archivedate= 1 May 2009| deadurl=no}}</ref>和[[波蘭語維基百科]]<ref name='wikipedystyczny'>{{cite web|url=http://www.heise.de/newsticker/Wikipedia-sucht-Schiedsrichter--/meldung/89083 |title=Komitet arbitrażowy oraz mediatorzy w Wikipedii|accessdate=2012-02-01 |date=2007-08-31 |publisher=Blog wikipedystyczny|language=Polish}}</ref>纷纷成立仲裁委员会。讽刺新闻节目主持人[[史蒂芬·科拜尔]]在《[[科尔伯特报告]]》一小段戏仿维基百科这项封禁。<ref name='SC'>{{cite web|url=http://www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-videos/229645/june-04-2009/wikipedia-bans-scientologists |title=Wikipedia Bans Scientologists |accessdate=2009-06-14 |last=Colbert |first=Stephen |date=2009-06-04 |format=Flash Player |work=Comedy Central |publisher=MTV Networks | archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20090608053304/http://www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-videos/229645/june-04-2009/wikipedia-bans-scientologists|archivedate= 8 June 2009|deadurl=no}}</ref> |
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2012年7月,仲裁委员会以“多次违反维基百科准则和政策”为由,封禁[[英国维基媒体协会]]主席{{lang|en|Ashley van Haeften}}。即使被封禁,英国维基媒体协会“一致认为(仲裁委员会)这个裁决不会影响他({{lang|en|Ashley van Haeften}})作为慈善团体信托人所扮演的角色”。<ref>{{cite web|author=Wikipedia |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9439046/Chairman-of-Wikipedia-charity-banned-after-pornography-row.html |title=Chairman of Wikipedia charity banned after pornography row |publisher=Telegraph |accessdate=2012-09-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/tech/2012/08/01/50-shades-wikipedia-uk-head-banned-after-bondage-porn-ties/ |title=50 shades of Wikipedia? UK head banned after bondage porn ties |publisher=Fox News |accessdate=2012-09-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.civilsociety.co.uk/governance/news/content/13090/wikimedia_chairman_banned_from_editing_wikipedia |title=Wikimedia UK board supports chairman banned from editing Wikipedia |publisher=Civilsociety.co.uk |accessdate=2012-09-25}}</ref>2012年8月2日,{{lang|en|van Haeften}}辞去英国维基媒体协会主席的职位,因为他不想“因为他身为主席而导致英国维基媒体协会内部分裂”。[[临时股东大会]]被召集讨论封禁事宜后,他就辞职了。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/08/a-message-from-jon-davies-chief-executive-of-wikimedia-uk/ |title=A message from Jon Davies, Chief Executive of Wikimedia UK | Wikimedia UK Blog |publisher=Blog.wikimedia.org.uk |date=2012-08-02 |accessdate=2012-09-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Wikipedia |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/wikipedia/9447161/Wikipedia-charity-chairman-resigns-after-pornography-row.html |title=Wikipedia charity chairman resigns after pornography row |publisher=Telegraph |accessdate=2012-09-25}}</ref>克里斯·基廷({{lang|en|Chris Keating}})从{{lang|en|van Haeften}}手中接任主席一职。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2012/08/wikimedia-uk-elects-a-new-chair/ |title=Wikimedia UK elects a new Chair | Wikimedia UK Blog |publisher=Blog.wikimedia.org.uk |date=2012-08-02 |accessdate=2012-09-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gizmodo.co.uk/2012/08/wikipedia-uk-boss-quits-over-porn-storm/ |title=Wikipedia UK Boss Quits Over Porn Storm | Gizmodo UK |publisher=Gizmodo.co.uk |date=2012-08-03 |accessdate=2012-09-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.civilsociety.co.uk/governance/news/content/13114/wikimedia_uk_chair_resigns_following_ban_from_wikipedia |title=Wikimedia UK chair resigns following ban from Wikipedia |publisher=Civilsociety.co.uk |accessdate=2012-09-25}}</ref> |
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==参考资料== |
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{{reflist|2}} |
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{{维基百科}} |
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[[Category:维基百科]] |
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[[Category:仲裁机构]] |
2014年5月6日 (二) 13:10的版本
仲裁委员会 | |
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成立 | 2003年12月4日[1] |
网址 | 维基百科:仲裁委员会 |
英语维基百科网站的仲裁委员会(Arbitration Committee,简称ArbCom)是几位编者组成的,对于与其他编者所发生的争论实施具有约束力的裁决。[2]吉米·威爾斯于2003年12月4日成立委员会,作为威尔斯之前身为网站所有者拥有的决定权的扩展。[1][3]作为编者之间争论解决的最終審判庭,委员会处理过几百宗案子。[4]委员会成为学者研究争论的解决的实例,公共媒体在报道各案例的决定以及维基百科相关争议时也提及委员会。[3][5][6]
历史
2003年10月,作为维基百科礼仪讨论的一部分,当时的维基媒体基金会法律顾问Alex T. Roshuk草拟了1300个单词调解和仲裁提纲。这个提纲演变成两个委员会:调解委员会和仲裁委员会,吉米·威尔斯于2003年12月4日正式宣布成立。[3][7]久而久之,“仲裁委员会”的概念由维基媒体基金会其他项目的社群采纳。
最初成立时,委员会由12位仲裁员(三组,四人一组)组成。[1][8]截至2008年,委员会处理了371宗案子,补救措施不尽相同,从警告到封禁。[9][10]
关注和争议
《埃默里法学期刊》(Emory Law Journal)刊登的一项统计研究显示,委员会大致上遵守不理用户纠纷的内容,专注于操守的原则。[3]同一调查也发现,尽管每个案子个别情况评估,但是发生的行为类别与委员会实施的补救措施及裁决有关联。
2007年,用户名为Essjay的仲裁员从委员会辞职,因为他被发现在一次《纽约时报》采访中谎称自己的学历和专业资历。[11][12][13]2009年5月,在用户名Sam Blacketer之下编辑的仲裁员因为隐瞒过去的编辑曝光,从委员会辞职。
2009年,媒体广泛关注仲裁委员会,因为委员会决定封禁“山达基教会和相关组织拥有或经营的所有IP地址”,作为第四宗山达基相关案件的一部分。[4][14]这样一行为是拥有8年历史的维基百科的一“小先例”,[4]多个新闻业务如《纽约时报》、《ABC新聞》、《衛報》等报道此事件。[4][14][15]
姐妹项目的仲裁委员会
2007年,德语[16]和波蘭語維基百科[17]纷纷成立仲裁委员会。讽刺新闻节目主持人史蒂芬·科拜尔在《科尔伯特报告》一小段戏仿维基百科这项封禁。[18]
2012年7月,仲裁委员会以“多次违反维基百科准则和政策”为由,封禁英国维基媒体协会主席Ashley van Haeften。即使被封禁,英国维基媒体协会“一致认为(仲裁委员会)这个裁决不会影响他(Ashley van Haeften)作为慈善团体信托人所扮演的角色”。[19][20][21]2012年8月2日,van Haeften辞去英国维基媒体协会主席的职位,因为他不想“因为他身为主席而导致英国维基媒体协会内部分裂”。临时股东大会被召集讨论封禁事宜后,他就辞职了。[22][23]克里斯·基廷(Chris Keating)从van Haeften手中接任主席一职。[24][25][26]
参考资料
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Wales, Jimmy. WikiEN-l Wikiquette committee appointments. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. 2003-12-04 [2009-06-09].
- ^ Schiff, Stacy. Know-alls. The Age. Fairfax Digital Network. 2006-12-02 [2009-06-15].
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Hoffman, David A.; Salil Mehra. Wikitruth Through Wikiorder. Emory Law Journal. 2010, 59 (2010). SSRN 1354424 .
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Cohen, Noam. The Wars of Words on Wikipedia’s Outskirts. The New York Times. 2009-06-07 [2009-06-09]. (原始内容存档于12 June 2009).
- ^ Welham, Jamie; Nina Lakhan. Wikipedia sentinel quits after 'sock-puppeting' scandal. The New Zealand Herald. APN Holdings NZ Limited. 2009-06-08 [2009-06-09].
- ^ Moore, Matthew. Church of Scientology members banned from editing Wikipedia. The Daily Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group Ltd. 2009-05-30 [2009-06-09]. (原始内容存档于2 June 2009).
- ^ Roshuk, Alex T. Law office of Alex T. Roshuk. 2008 [2009-06-14]. (原始内容存档于29 June 2009).
- ^ Hyatt, Josh. Secrets of Greatness: Great Teams. Fortune. Time Warner. 2006-06-01 [2009-06-15].
- ^ Lamb, Gregory M. Online Wikipedia is not Britannica - but it's close. The Christian Science Monitor. 2006-01-05 [2009-06-15].
- ^ Williams, Sam. Everyone is an editor. Salon.com. Salon Media Group. 2004-04-27 [2009-06-09].
- ^ Cohen, Noam. After False Claim, Wikipedia to Check Degrees. The New York Times. 2007-03-12 [2009-06-14].
- ^ Hafner, Katie. Growing Wikipedia Refines Its 'Anyone Can Edit' Policy. The New York Times. 2006-06-17 [2009-06-09].
- ^ Cohen, Noam. A Contributor to Wikipedia Has His Fictional Side. The New York Times. 2007-03-05 [2009-06-09].
- ^ 14.0 14.1 Fitzsimmons, Caitlin. Wikipedia bans Church of Scientology from editing. The Guardian. 2009-05-29 [2009-06-14]. (原始内容存档于11 June 2009).
- ^ Heussner, Ki Mae; Ned Potter. Wikipedia Blocks Church of Scientology From Editing Entries. ABC News. 2009-05-29 [2009-06-14]. (原始内容存档于2 June 2009).
- ^ Kleinz, Torsten. Wikipedia sucht Schiedsrichter. Heise Online. 2007-04-30 [2009-06-09]. (原始内容存档于1 May 2009) (German).
- ^ Komitet arbitrażowy oraz mediatorzy w Wikipedii. Blog wikipedystyczny. 2007-08-31 [2012-02-01] (Polish).
- ^ Colbert, Stephen. Wikipedia Bans Scientologists (Flash Player). Comedy Central. MTV Networks. 2009-06-04 [2009-06-14]. (原始内容存档于8 June 2009).
- ^ Wikipedia. Chairman of Wikipedia charity banned after pornography row. Telegraph. [2012-09-25].
- ^ 50 shades of Wikipedia? UK head banned after bondage porn ties. Fox News. [2012-09-25].
- ^ Wikimedia UK board supports chairman banned from editing Wikipedia. Civilsociety.co.uk. [2012-09-25].
- ^ A message from Jon Davies, Chief Executive of Wikimedia UK | Wikimedia UK Blog. Blog.wikimedia.org.uk. 2012-08-02 [2012-09-25].
- ^ Wikipedia. Wikipedia charity chairman resigns after pornography row. Telegraph. [2012-09-25].
- ^ Wikimedia UK elects a new Chair | Wikimedia UK Blog. Blog.wikimedia.org.uk. 2012-08-02 [2012-09-25].
- ^ Wikipedia UK Boss Quits Over Porn Storm | Gizmodo UK. Gizmodo.co.uk. 2012-08-03 [2012-09-25].
- ^ Wikimedia UK chair resigns following ban from Wikipedia. Civilsociety.co.uk. [2012-09-25].