极端民族主义

极端民族主义（英語：Ultranationalism，也译为超国家主义^[1]或超民族主义^[2]）是一种极端的民族主义，将一国或一族人的利益置于所有他人之上，或简单的说是“對自己民族極端的崇拜”（extreme devotion to one's own nation）。^[3]^[4]

极端民族主义与国家复兴是法西斯主义的关键基础。^[5]

根据加努斯·布加杰斯基（英语：Janusz Bugajski）的说法，在最极端或发展到终极形态时，极端民族主义类似于法西斯主义，其特点是对其他国家的仇外蔑视，支持专制政治并向极权主义靠近，强调魅力型领袖，一个组织上无定形的运动型政党，以及国家之间的“有机统一”。 ^[6]

罗杰·格里芬（英语：Roger Griffin）断言，极端民族主义本质上是仇外的，并且会通过神话自己历史上的伟大成就，或者强调对历史宿敌的仇恨来实现自身的合法化。它有时还会利用庸俗的体质人类学、遗传学和优生学来对种族优越感和种族前途做合理化解释，并衬托其他种族的堕落和劣等的观念。 ^[7]

极端民族主义政党

以下政党被^[谁？]定性为极端民族主义者。

保加利亚：进击党^[8]
印度：湿婆军^[9]
以色列：联合右翼^[10]
塞尔维亚：塞尔维亚激进党^[11]
斯洛伐克：斯洛伐克人民党^[12]
西班牙：声音^[13]^[14]
土耳其：民族主義行動黨、^[15]^[16] 大聯盟黨^[17]
乌克兰：全烏克蘭聯盟「自由」^[18]
中華民國：中華統一促進黨^{[來源請求]}

参见

参考

^ 汪宏倫. 從《戰爭論》到《新歷史教科書》：試論日本當代民族主義的怨恨心態及其制度成因 (PDF). 台灣社會學. 2010-06, (十九): 148–200 [2020-08-24].
^ 白永瑞. 东亚地域秩序: 超越帝国, 走向东亚共同体 (PDF). 《思想》. 2006年9月, (3): 36–44 [2020-08-24].
^ Ultranationalism. Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
^ Ultranationalism. Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
^ Roger Griffin, "Nationalism" in Cyprian Blamires, ed., World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia, vol. 2 (Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2006), pp. 451–53.
^ The Politics of National Minority Participation in Post-communist Europe. EastWest Institute. p.65. Section author - Janusz Bugajski. Book edited by Johnathan P.Stein. Published by M.E. Sharpe. Published in New York in 2000. Retrieved via Google Books.
^ World fascism: a historical encyclopedia. 2006: 452.
^ Katsikas, Stefanos. Negotiating Diplomacy in the New Europe: Foreign Policy in Post-Communist Bulgaria. I.B. Tauris: 64. 2011.
^ Mark Magnier. In India, battle continues over Hindu temple's riches - latimes. Los Angeles Times. Articles.latimes.com. 8 March 2012 [2015-12-02].
^ Election Polls: 6-14 Seats for Bennett and Shaked's New Right-wing Party, Labor Party Crashes. Times of Israel. 30 December 2018.
^ Ford, Peter. Serbian Radical Party surge may complicate reform. Christian Science Monitor. 2018 [17 December 2018].
^ Not Even a Prosperous Slovakia Is Immune to Doubts About the E.U.. New York Times. 17 December 2016.
^ Acha, Beatriz. No, no es un partido (neo)fascista. Agenda Pública. 6 January 2019.
^ Antón-Mellón, Joan. Vox. Del nacional-catolicismo al ultranacionalismo neoliberal. Agenda Pública. 29 April 2019 [2019-08-16]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-03）.
^ Arman, Murat Necip. The Sources Of Banality In Transforming Turkish Nationalism. CEU Political Science Journal. 2007, (2): 133–151.
^ Eissenstat, Howard. Anatolianism: The History of a Failed Metaphor of Turkish Nationalism. Middle East Studies Association Conference. Washington, D.C. November 2002.
^ Gocek, Fatma Muge. Denial of Violence. Oxford University Press. 2014: 402.
^ Svoboda: The rise of Ukraine's ultra-nationalists. BBC. 25 December 2012 [1 March 2015].

[1] 汪宏倫. 從《戰爭論》到《新歷史教科書》：試論日本當代民族主義的怨恨心態及其制度成因 (PDF). 台灣社會學. 2010-06, (十九): 148–200 [2020-08-24].

[2] 白永瑞. 东亚地域秩序: 超越帝国, 走向东亚共同体 (PDF). 《思想》. 2006年9月, (3): 36–44 [2020-08-24].

[3] Ultranationalism. Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 29 June 2017.

[4] Ultranationalism. Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved 29 June 2017.

[5] Roger Griffin, "Nationalism" in Cyprian Blamires, ed., World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia, vol. 2 (Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2006), pp. 451–53.

[6] The Politics of National Minority Participation in Post-communist Europe. EastWest Institute. p.65. Section author - Janusz Bugajski. Book edited by Johnathan P.Stein. Published by M.E. Sharpe. Published in New York in 2000. Retrieved via Google Books.

[7] World fascism: a historical encyclopedia. 2006: 452.

[8] Katsikas, Stefanos. Negotiating Diplomacy in the New Europe: Foreign Policy in Post-Communist Bulgaria. I.B. Tauris: 64. 2011.

[9] Mark Magnier. In India, battle continues over Hindu temple's riches - latimes. Los Angeles Times. Articles.latimes.com. 8 March 2012 [2015-12-02].

[10] Election Polls: 6-14 Seats for Bennett and Shaked's New Right-wing Party, Labor Party Crashes. Times of Israel. 30 December 2018.

[11] Ford, Peter. Serbian Radical Party surge may complicate reform. Christian Science Monitor. 2018 [17 December 2018].

[12] Not Even a Prosperous Slovakia Is Immune to Doubts About the E.U.. New York Times. 17 December 2016.

[acha20190106-13] Acha, Beatriz. No, no es un partido (neo)fascista. Agenda Pública. 6 January 2019.

[mellon-14] Antón-Mellón, Joan. Vox. Del nacional-catolicismo al ultranacionalismo neoliberal. Agenda Pública. 29 April 2019 [2019-08-16]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-03）.

[15] Arman, Murat Necip. The Sources Of Banality In Transforming Turkish Nationalism. CEU Political Science Journal. 2007, (2): 133–151.

[16] Eissenstat, Howard. Anatolianism: The History of a Failed Metaphor of Turkish Nationalism. Middle East Studies Association Conference. Washington, D.C. November 2002.

[17] Gocek, Fatma Muge. Denial of Violence. Oxford University Press. 2014: 402.

[18] Svoboda: The rise of Ukraine's ultra-nationalists. BBC. 25 December 2012 [1 March 2015].

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]