中期记忆

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中期记忆 （英语：Intermediate-term memory）是记忆的一个阶段，不同于感觉记忆，短期记忆/工作记忆，和长期记忆。[1][2] 闪光灯记忆能维持几毫秒， 工作记忆能维持到三十秒，长期记忆能维持三十分钟到一个人生命的结束，中期记忆能维持两到三小时。[3] 这些记忆处理的持续时间中，这些记忆的重叠意味着它们同时发生，而不是依次发生。 事实上，记忆成为中期记忆可以在长期没有回忆的情况下产生。[4] 然而，这些记忆形式之间的界限并不明确，它们可能因事件而异。[5] 中期记忆被认为是由海马皮质所记忆的。[6]

在1993年， 罗森茨维格及其同事在用厌恶刺激调理的大鼠中证明了它，避免遭受厌恶刺激的大鼠的百分比（并暗示了刺激物的厌恶性质的记忆）分别于一分钟后，十五分钟后以及六十分钟后到达极值 ， [7] 理论上这些下降对应于老鼠从工作记忆切换到中期记忆的时间点，从中期记忆到长期记忆的早期阶段， 以及从长期记忆的早期阶段到长期记忆的晚期阶段，从而表明存在着在工作记忆和长期记忆之间存在的一种形式的记忆，这被称为“中期记忆”。

虽然中期记忆的观念自1990年代以来一直存在，萨顿等人于2001年介绍了海兔 中期记忆神经相关性的新颖理论，在那里他们将其描述为中期简易化的主要行为表现形式。[8]

特征[编辑]

2001年，萨顿及其同事提出，中期记忆具有以下三个特点：

机制[编辑]

感应[编辑]

因为中期记忆不涉及转录， 它可能关于已经存在于神经元中的mRNA转录物的转译。[3][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]

和短期/工作记忆的差异[编辑]

主条目：工作记忆

与短期记忆和工作记忆不同，中期记忆需要发生改变转译方式的动作才能发挥作用。

和长期记忆的差异[编辑]

主条目：长期记忆

虽然中期记忆只需要转译的变化，但若要成为长期记忆，那么也需要改变转录。 [22] 从短期记忆到长期记忆的变化被认为依赖于调节转录的CREB（英语：CREB），但是由于中期记忆不涉及转录的变化，所以被认为是独立于CREB活动的。[3] 根据萨顿等人在2001年提出的中期记忆的定义 ，CREB在长期记忆被诱导之前是完全消失的。[8]

和年龄相关的中期记忆衰退[23]


参考资料[编辑]

  1. ^ Grimes MT, Smith M, Li X, Darby-King A, Harley CW, McLean JH. Mammalian intermediate-term memory: new findings in neonate rat. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. March 2011, 95 (3): 385–91. PMID 21296674. doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2011.01.012. 
  2. ^ Sutton MA, Carew TJ. Behavioral, cellular, and molecular analysis of memory in aplysia I: intermediate-term memory. Integrative and Comparative Biology. August 2002, 42 (4): 725–35. PMID 21708769. doi:10.1093/icb/42.4.725. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Lukowiak K, Adatia N, Krygier D, Syed N. Operant conditioning in Lymnaea: evidence for intermediate- and long-term memory. Learning & Memory. 2000, 7 (3): 140–50. PMC 311329 可免费查阅. PMID 10837503. doi:10.1101/lm.7.3.140. 
  4. ^ Mauelshagen J, Sherff CM, Carew TJ. Differential induction of long-term synaptic facilitation by spaced and massed applications of serotonin at sensory neuron synapses of Aplysia californica. Learning & Memory. 1998, 5 (3): 246–56. PMC 313806 可免费查阅. PMID 10454368. 
  5. ^ Raymond P. Kesner and Joe L. Martinez, Jr. (eds). Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 2nd edition. Nikki Levy, Academic Press. 2007: 284 [2017-03-26]. ISBN 978-0-12-372540-0. （原始内容存档于2020-05-11）. 
  6. ^ Eichenbaum, H.; Otto, T.; Cohen, N. J. Two functional components of the hippocampal memory system. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 2010, 17 (3): 449–472. doi:10.1017/S0140525X00035391. 
  7. ^ Rosenzweig MR, Bennett EL, Colombo PJ, Lee DW, Serrano PA. Short-term, intermediate-term, and long-term memories. Behavioural Brain Research. November 1993, 57 (2): 193–8. PMID 8117424. doi:10.1016/0166-4328(93)90135-D. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Sutton MA, Masters SE, Bagnall MW, Carew TJ. Molecular mechanisms underlying a unique intermediate phase of memory in aplysia. Neuron. July 2001, 31 (1): 143–54. PMID 11498057. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00342-7. 
  9. ^ Parvez K, Stewart O, Sangha S, Lukowiak K. Boosting intermediate-term into long-term memory. The Journal of Experimental Biology. April 2005, 208 (Pt 8): 1525–36. PMID 15802676. doi:10.1242/jeb.01545. 
  10. ^ Sutton MA, Bagnall MW, Sharma SK, Shobe J, Carew TJ. Intermediate-term memory for site-specific sensitization in aplysia is maintained by persistent activation of protein kinase C. The Journal of Neuroscience. April 2004, 24 (14): 3600–9. PMID 15071108. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1134-03.2004. 
  11. ^ Stough S, Shobe JL, Carew TJ. Intermediate-term processes in memory formation. Current Opinion in Neurobiology. December 2006, 16 (6): 672–8. PMID 17097872. doi:10.1016/j.conb.2006.10.009. 
  12. ^ Sutton MA, Ide J, Masters SE, Carew TJ. Interaction between amount and pattern of training in the induction of intermediate- and long-term memory for sensitization in aplysia. Learning & Memory. 2002, 9 (1): 29–40. PMC 155928 可免费查阅. PMID 11917004. doi:10.1101/lm.44802. 
  13. ^ Stough S, Shobe JL, Carew TJ. Intermediate-term processes in memory formation. Current Opinion in Neurobiology. December 2006, 16 (6): 672–8. PMID 17097872. doi:10.1016/j.conb.2006.10.009. 
  14. ^ Sutton MA, Schuman EM. Dendritic protein synthesis, synaptic plasticity, and memory. Cell. October 2006, 127 (1): 49–58. PMID 17018276. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.014. 
  15. ^ Zhao Y, Leal K, Abi-Farah C, Martin KC, Sossin WS, Klein M. Isoform specificity of PKC translocation in living Aplysia sensory neurons and a role for Ca2+-dependent PKC APL I in the induction of intermediate-term facilitation. The Journal of Neuroscience. August 2006, 26 (34): 8847–56. PMID 16928874. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1919-06.2006. 
  16. ^ Michel M, Green CL, Gardner JS, Organ CL, Lyons LC. Massed training-induced intermediate-term operant memory in aplysia requires protein synthesis and multiple persistent kinase cascades. The Journal of Neuroscience. March 2012, 32 (13): 4581–91. PMC 3329157 可免费查阅. PMID 22457504. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6264-11.2012. 
  17. ^ Antonov I, Kandel ER, Hawkins RD. Presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms of synaptic plasticity and metaplasticity during intermediate-term memory formation in Aplysia. The Journal of Neuroscience. April 2010, 30 (16): 5781–91. PMID 20410130. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4947-09.2010. 
  18. ^ Michel M, Gardner JS, Green CL, Organ CL, Lyons LC. Protein phosphatase-dependent circadian regulation of intermediate-term associative memory. The Journal of Neuroscience. March 2013, 33 (10): 4605–13. PMID 23467376. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4534-12.2013. 
  19. ^ Sutton MA, Carew TJ. Parallel molecular pathways mediate expression of distinct forms of intermediate-term facilitation at tail sensory-motor synapses in Aplysia. Neuron. April 2000, 26 (1): 219–31. PMID 10798406. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)81152-6. 
  20. ^ Parvez K, Moisseev V, Lukowiak K. A context-specific single contingent-reinforcing stimulus boosts intermediate-term memory into long-term memory. The European Journal of Neuroscience. July 2006, 24 (2): 606–16. PMID 16903862. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04952.x. 
  21. ^ Zhang L, Ouyang M, Ganellin CR, Thomas SA. The slow afterhyperpolarization: a target of β1-adrenergic signaling in hippocampus-dependent memory retrieval. The Journal of Neuroscience. March 2013, 33 (11): 5006–16. PMID 23486971. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3834-12.2013. 
  22. ^ Braun MH, Lukowiak K. Intermediate and long-term memory are different at the neuronal level in Lymnaea stagnalis (L.). Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. September 2011, 96 (2): 403–16. PMID 21757019. doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2011.06.016. 
  23. ^ Ayako Tonoki, Ronald L. Davis. Aging impairs intermediate-term behavioral memory by disrupting the dorsal paired medial neuron memory trace. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2012-04-17, 109 (16): 6319–6324 [2019-02-13]. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 3341014 可免费查阅. PMID 22474396. doi:10.1073/pnas.1118126109. （原始内容存档于2019-02-20）. 
概念
语言学
参见：心理学
取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=中期記憶&oldid=80458533”