意大利兄弟党
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意大利兄弟党 Fratelli d'Italia | |
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简称 | FdI |
主席 | 乔治亚·梅洛尼 |
成立 | 2012年12月17日 |
分裂自 | 自由人民党 |
总部 | Via della Scrofa 39, 罗马 |
党报 | Gazzetta Tricolore (2012–2015) La Voce del Patriota (since 2018) |
青年组织 | National Youth |
学生组织 | Student Action University Action |
党员 (2021) | 130,000[1] |
意识形态 | 保守主义 民族保守主义[2][3][4] 经济自由主义 社会保守主义[5] 反女权主义 伊斯兰恐惧症 意大利民族主义[6][5] 右翼民粹主义[7][8] 新法西斯主义[9][10] 欧洲怀疑主义[11][12][13] 基督教民族主义 反动主义[14][15] 大西洋主义 反共主义[16] 反移民[10][11] |
政治立场 | 右翼[17]至极右翼[18] |
众议院 | 118 / 400 |
参议院 | 66 / 200 |
欧洲议会 | 8 / 76 |
地区委员会 | 92 / 897 |
自治省议会 | 2 / 21 |
意大利政治 政党 · 选举 |
意大利兄弟党(义大利语:Fratelli d'Italia),简称FdI,指的是一个意大利的民族保守派和极右翼民粹主义政党,是2022年意大利大选以来意大利的执政党[19][20]。该党目前由现任意大利总理乔治亚·梅洛尼[21][22]领导。FdI的上台标志著意大利共和国出现了历史上第一个极右翼政府[23][24][23],也是二战自意大利法西斯以来最右翼的政府[25][26][27]。
该党成立于2012年12月17日,从西尔维奥·贝卢斯科尼所在的自由人民党(PdL)中分裂而出,现任主席为乔治亚·梅洛尼,总部位于意大利的罗马。该党在青年群体中有一个特殊组织叫作“民族青年”,拥有为其宣传的报纸《爱国者之声》,并且还是中右联盟和欧洲保守派和改革主义者党的成员[28]。2014年开始,该党派使用“三色火焰”作为其标志,并和其它党派组成“后法西斯国家联盟(AN)”,法西斯联盟成立于1995年,在2009年合并了很多意大利的极端右翼党派[29],该联盟自称是意大利社会运动(MSI)的继承者,活跃于1945~1995年[30][31]。虽然义大利兄弟党一直宣称自己和墨索里尼和二战时代的国家法西斯党(1921~1943)无关,但外界普遍认为这是同一理念的延续[32][33]。
按照其党主席乔治亚·梅洛尼的说法,义大利兄弟党并不是极端政党,而是一个守护传统文化、坚持保守价值观、并且想脱离欧盟的普通党派[34][35];而意大利的观察家则将FdI描述为民族保守派、右翼民粹主义、社会保守派、新法西斯主义、后法西斯主义、本土主义者和反移民主义者的集合体[36][37]。虽然该党是欧洲怀疑论的强烈支持者,时常宣传欧盟的种种弊端,但在外交上又矛盾的支持意大利与美国紧密合作,包括成为大西洋主义、北约、五眼联盟等组织的核心成员,既使美国和欧盟的大部份政策是一致的[38][39]。由于义大利兄弟党在意大利国会中拥有席位,所以这个党派可以出席欧洲议会,即使它本身反对欧盟,FdI的席位成员一开始是依附于欧洲人民党集团,但后来因为理念不合而脱离,自立欧洲保守党和改革党,保改党是2020年被乔治亚·梅洛尼领导的[36]。最后,FdI提议要废除欧盟,理由是现在的欧洲是个松散的邦联,同时建议欧洲各国必须结合成一个强有力的联邦来保护自己[38][39][40]。
选举结果
[编辑]义大利议会
[编辑]选举 | 党主席 | 众议院 | 共和国参议院 | ||||||||
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票数 | % | 席次 | 席次增减 | 排名 | Votes | % | 席次 | 席次增减 | 排名 | ||
2013 | 乔治亚·梅洛尼 | 666,035 | 1.9 | 9 / 630
|
新成立 | 第8 | 590,083 | 1.9 | 0 / 315
|
新成立 | 第7 |
2018 | 1,429,550 | 4.4 | 32 / 630
|
▲ 23 | ▲ 第5 | 1,286,606 | 4.3 | 18 / 315
|
▲ 18 | ▲ 第5 | |
2022 | 7,302,517 | 26.0 | 119 / 400
|
▲ 87 | ▲ 第1 | 7,167,136 | 26.0 | 66 / 200
|
▲ 48 | ▲ 第1 |
欧洲议会
[编辑]选举 | 党主席 | 票数 | % | 席次 | 席次增减 | 排名 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2014 | 乔治亚·梅洛尼 | 1,004,037 | 3.7 | 0 / 73
|
新成立 | 第7 |
2019 | 1,726,189 | 6.4 | 6 / 76
|
▲ 6 | ▲ 第5 |
参考文献
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- ^
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