TAS2R14

味覺感受器，類型2，成員14
標識
代號	TAS2R14; T2R14; TRB1
擴展標識	遺傳學：604790 鼠基因：2681298 同源基因：87013 IUPHAR: GeneCards: TAS2R14 Gene
基因本體論描述
分子功能	· taste receptor activity; · bitter taste receptor activity;
細胞成分	· integral to membrane;
生物過程	· detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste; · G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源體
	閱; 論; 編;

味覺感受器，類型2，成員14，TAS2R14 是一個人類基因組中TAS2R14基因編碼的蛋白質，是苦味味覺感受器的一員^[1]^[2]^[3]。

功能[編輯]

該基因所屬的味覺感受器家族是G蛋白偶聯受體超家族中的一員，其蛋白主要表達在舌頭和齶的上皮味覺受體細胞中。它們是組織在基因組中的基因集群，在小鼠和人類中表達在苦味位點。在功能表達研究中，TAS2R14與(-)-α-側柏酮（苦艾酒和印防己毒素（英語：picrotoxin）中的原發性神經毒性劑）相關^[4]。該基因所在的味覺感受器基因簇位於12號染色體短臂13帶^[3]。

TAS2R14和其它幾種苦味感受器也在人類呼吸道平滑肌細胞上表達。它們在這些細胞中的活化會導致細胞內鈣離子增加，從而觸發鉀離子通道打開，使細胞膜超極化，平滑肌放鬆。因此，這些受體的活化會導致支氣管擴張。^[5]

另見[編輯]

味覺感受器

參考文獻[編輯]

^ Adler E, Hoon MA, Mueller KL, Chandrashekar J, Ryba NJ, Zuker CS. A novel family of mammalian taste receptors. Cell. Apr 2000, 100 (6): 693–702. PMID 10761934. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80705-9.
^ Matsunami H, Montmayeur JP, Buck LB. A family of candidate taste receptors in human and mouse. Nature. Apr 2000, 404 (6778): 601–4. PMID 10766242. doi:10.1038/35007072.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Entrez Gene: TAS2R14 taste receptor, type 2, member 14.
^ Behrens M, Brockhoff A, Kuhn C, Bufe B, Winnig M, Meyerhof W. The human taste receptor hTAS2R14 responds to a variety of different bitter compounds. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. June 2004, 319 (2): 479–85. PMID 15178431. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.05.019.
^ Deshpande DA, Wang WC, McIlmoyle EL, Robinett KS, Schillinger RM, An SS, Sham JS, Liggett SB. Bitter taste receptors on airway smooth muscle bronchodilate by localized calcium signaling and reverse obstruction. Nat. Med. November 2010, 16 (11): 1299–304. PMC 3066567 . PMID 20972434. doi:10.1038/nm.2237.

進一步閱讀[編輯]

Kinnamon SC. A plethora of taste receptors. Neuron. 2000, 25 (3): 507–10. PMID 10774719. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)81054-5.
Margolskee RF. Molecular mechanisms of bitter and sweet taste transduction. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277 (1): 1–4. PMID 11696554. doi:10.1074/jbc.R100054200.
Montmayeur JP, Matsunami H. Receptors for bitter and sweet taste. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2002, 12 (4): 366–71. PMID 12139982. doi:10.1016/S0959-4388(02)00345-8.
Chandrashekar J, Mueller KL, Hoon MA; et al. T2Rs function as bitter taste receptors. Cell. 2000, 100 (6): 703–11. PMID 10761935. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80706-0.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2003, 99 (26): 16899–903. PMC 139241 . PMID 12477932. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899.
Zhang Y, Hoon MA, Chandrashekar J; et al. Coding of sweet, bitter, and umami tastes: different receptor cells sharing similar signaling pathways. Cell. 2003, 112 (3): 293–301. PMID 12581520. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00071-0.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA; et al. The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004, 14 (10B): 2121–7. PMC 528928 . PMID 15489334. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504.
Fischer A, Gilad Y, Man O, Pääbo S. Evolution of bitter taste receptors in humans and apes. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2005, 22 (3): 432–6. PMID 15496549. doi:10.1093/molbev/msi027.
Go Y, Satta Y, Takenaka O, Takahata N. Lineage-Specific Loss of Function of Bitter Taste Receptor Genes in Humans and Nonhuman Primates. Genetics. 2006, 170 (1): 313–26. PMC 1449719 . PMID 15744053. doi:10.1534/genetics.104.037523.
Liu T, Qian WJ, Gritsenko MA; et al. Human Plasma N-Glycoproteome Analysis by Immunoaffinity Subtraction, Hydrazide Chemistry, and Mass Spectrometry. J. Proteome Res. 2006, 4 (6): 2070–80. PMC 1850943 . PMID 16335952. doi:10.1021/pr0502065.
Behrens M, Bartelt J, Reichling C; et al. Members of RTP and REEP gene families influence functional bitter taste receptor expression. J. Biol. Chem. 2006, 281 (29): 20650–9. PMID 16720576. doi:10.1074/jbc.M513637200.

外部連結[編輯]

醫學主題詞表（MeSH）：TAS2R14+protein,+human

[pmid10761934-1] Adler E, Hoon MA, Mueller KL, Chandrashekar J, Ryba NJ, Zuker CS. A novel family of mammalian taste receptors. Cell. Apr 2000, 100 (6): 693–702. PMID 10761934. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80705-9.

[pmid10766242-2] Matsunami H, Montmayeur JP, Buck LB. A family of candidate taste receptors in human and mouse. Nature. Apr 2000, 404 (6778): 601–4. PMID 10766242. doi:10.1038/35007072.

[entrez-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Entrez Gene: TAS2R14 taste receptor, type 2, member 14.

[pmid15178431-4] Behrens M, Brockhoff A, Kuhn C, Bufe B, Winnig M, Meyerhof W. The human taste receptor hTAS2R14 responds to a variety of different bitter compounds. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. June 2004, 319 (2): 479–85. PMID 15178431. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.05.019.

[pmid20972434-5] Deshpande DA, Wang WC, McIlmoyle EL, Robinett KS, Schillinger RM, An SS, Sham JS, Liggett SB. Bitter taste receptors on airway smooth muscle bronchodilate by localized calcium signaling and reverse obstruction. Nat. Med. November 2010, 16 (11): 1299–304. PMC 3066567 . PMID 20972434. doi:10.1038/nm.2237.

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