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欧洲政党：修订间差异

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'''欧洲政党'''（{{lang-en|European political party}}）<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/content.html|title=Parties & Elections in Europe|author=Wolfram Nordsieck|accessdate=11 July 2015}}</ref> 是运行于[[欧洲]]各国和[[欧洲联盟]]机构内部的一种政党组织。它们受欧盟法律监督并得到欧盟的拨款作为活动经费。它们往往由各国政党共同创建，而非个人。除了受欧盟正式认可的欧洲政党外，还有一些性质类似于欧洲政党的欧洲范围内的国际政党组织存在。<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lelieveldt|first1=Herman|last2=Princen|first2=Sebatiaan|title=The politics of the European Union|url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=U0rpNQWakqkC&oi=fnd&pg=PR3&dq=The+politics+of+the+European+Union&ots=jNyVA_ADef&sig=ZqhqssrMibR4M5K_G-pzLTiiWYc#v=onepage&q=The%20politics%20of%20the%20European%20Union&f=false|website=Google Books|publisher=Cambridge University Press|accessdate=25 April 2015}}</ref>
'''欧洲政党'''（{{lang-en|European political party}}）<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/content.html|title=Parties & Elections in Europe|author=Wolfram Nordsieck|accessdate=11 July 2015}}</ref> 是运行于[[欧洲]]各国和[[欧洲联盟]]机构内部的一种政党组织。它们受欧盟法律监督并得到欧盟的拨款作为活动经费。它们往往由各国政党共同创建，而非个人。除了受欧盟正式认可的欧洲政党外，还有一些性质类似于欧洲政党的欧洲范围内的国际政党组织存在。<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lelieveldt|first1=Herman|last2=Princen|first2=Sebatiaan|title=The politics of the European Union|url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=U0rpNQWakqkC&oi=fnd&pg=PR3&dq=The+politics+of+the+European+Union&ots=jNyVA_ADef&sig=ZqhqssrMibR4M5K_G-pzLTiiWYc#v=onepage&q=The%20politics%20of%20the%20European%20Union&f=false|website=Google Books|publisher=Cambridge University Press|accessdate=25 April 2015}}</ref>


== 當前歐洲政黨 ==<!--linked from [[Template:European Union topics]]-->
{{As of|March 2018}}, there are 12 registered Europarties:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.appf.europa.eu/appf/en/transparency.html|title=List of registered European Political Parties and European Political Foundations|website=www.appf.europa.eu|access-date=4 December 2017}}</ref>

{| border="2" class="wikitable centre"
|-align="center" bgcolor="white"
! colspan="4" |歐洲政黨
! colspan="3" |政治
! colspan="3" |席次
|-
! colspan="2" |名稱
! [[歐洲議會黨團|黨團]]
!主席
![[政治光譜|光譜]]
! 立場
! [[歐洲統合]]
![[欧洲联盟委员会|联盟委员会]]
! [[歐洲議會議員|議會]]
! [[欧洲理事会|理事会]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{European People's Party/meta/color}}" |
| [[歐洲人民黨]]
| [[欧洲人民党党团|EPP]]
|[[Joseph Daul]] (FR)
|[[中間偏右|Centre-right]]
| [[自由保守主義|Liberal conservatism]], [[基督教民主主義|Christian democracy]].<ref name="Nordsieck">[http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/eu.html Parties and Elections in Europe: The database about parliamentary elections and political parties in Europe, by Wolfram Nordsieck]</ref>
| [[Pro-Europeanism]]<ref name="Demetriou">{{cite book|last1=Demetriou|first1=Kyriakos|title=The European Union in Crisis : Explorations in Representation and Democratic Legitimacy|date=2014|publisher=Springer|isbn=9783319087740|page=46}}</ref>
|{{Composition bar|14|28|hex={{European People's Party/meta/color}}}}
| {{Composition bar|215|751|hex={{European People's Party/meta/color}}}}
| {{Composition bar|9|28|hex={{European People's Party/meta/color}}}}
|-
| style="background-color: {{Party of European Socialists/meta/color}}" |
| [[欧洲社会党]]
| [[社会主义者和民主人士进步联盟|S&D]]
|[[谢尔盖·斯塔尼舍夫|Sergei Stanishev]] (BG)
|[[中間偏左|Centre-left]]
| [[社會民主主義|Social democracy]], [[社会自由主义|social liberalism]].
| [[Pro-Europeanism]]
|{{Composition bar|8|28|hex={{Party of European Socialists/meta/color}}}}
| {{Composition bar|191|751|hex={{Party of European Socialists/meta/color}}}}
| {{Composition bar|5|28|hex={{Party of European Socialists/meta/color}}}}
|-
| style="background-color: {{Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe/meta/color}}" |
| [[歐洲自由民主聯盟黨]]
| [[欧洲自由民主联盟党团|ALDE]]
|[[Hans van Baalen]] (NL)
|[[中间派|Centre]]
| [[社会自由主义|Social liberalism]],[[古典自由主义|Classical liberalism]], [[聯邦歐洲|federalism]].
| [[Pro-Europeanism]]<ref name="Demetriou" />
|{{Composition bar|5|28|hex={{Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe/meta/color}}}}
| {{Composition bar|58|751|hex={{Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe/meta/color}}}}
| {{Composition bar|8|28|hex={{Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe/meta/color}}}}
|-
| style="background-color: {{Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists/meta/color}}" |
| [[欧洲保守派和改革主义者联盟|Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe]]
| [[歐洲保守派和改革主義者|ECR]]
|[[Jan Zahradil]] (CZ)
|[[右派|Right-wing]]
| [[保守主义|Conservatism]], [[經濟自由主義|economic liberalism]],<ref>{{cite book|title=Britain and the Crisis of the European Union|last2=Schnapper|first2=Pauline|publisher=Springer|isbn=9781137005205|page=87|last1=Baker|first1=David}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/europe-turns-against-the-eu/|title=Europe Turns Against the EU|website=[[The American Conservative]]|language=en-us|last1=Nunes Silva|first1=Miguel|accessdate=30 August 2016}}</ref> anti-[[聯邦歐洲|federalism]].<ref name="Watson">{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-27685195|title=New German party causes Cameron EU Parliament dilemma|last=Watson|first=Iain|date=3 June 2014|newspaper=[[英國廣播公司新聞|BBC News]]|accessdate=3 July 2014}}</ref>
| [[歐洲懷疑主義|Soft Euroscepticism]]<ref name="Demetriou" /><ref name="FLS">{{cite book|last1=FitzGibbon|first1=John|last2=Leruth|first2=Benjamin|last3=Startin|first3=Nick|title=Euroscepticism as a Transnational and Pan-European Phenomenon : The Emergence of a New Sphere of Opposition|isbn=9781317422501|pages=198|url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=NpbgDAAAQBAJ}}</ref>
|{{Composition bar|0|28|hex={{Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists/meta/color}}}}
| {{Composition bar|50|751|hex={{Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists/meta/color}}}}
| {{Composition bar|2|28|hex={{Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists/meta/color}}}}
|-
| style="background-color: {{European Green Party/meta/color}}" |
| [[欧洲绿党|European Green Party]]
| [[綠黨－歐洲自由聯盟|Greens-EFA]]
|[[Monica Frassoni]] (IT) and [[萊因哈德·比蒂科夫|Reinhard Bütikofer]] (DE)
|[[中間偏左|Centre-left]] to [[左派|left-wing]]
| [[綠色政治|Green politics]], [[進步主義|progressivism]].
| [[Pro-Europeanism]]<ref name="Demetriou" />
|{{Composition bar|0|28|hex={{European Green Party/meta/color}}}}
| {{Composition bar|39|751|hex={{European Green Party/meta/color}}}}
| {{Composition bar|0|28|hex={{European Green Party/meta/color}}}}
|-
| style="background-color: {{Party of the European Left/meta/color}}" |
| [[歐洲左派黨|Party of the European Left]]
| [[歐洲聯合左派/北歐綠色左派|GUE-NGL]]
|[[Gregor Gysi]] (DE)
|[[左派|Left-wing]] to [[極左派|far-left]]
| [[民主社会主义|Democratic socialism]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/eu.html|title=Parties and Elections in Europe|last=Nordsieck|first=Wolfram|website=www.parties-and-elections.eu|access-date=2017-05-28}}</ref> [[共产主义|communism]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.european-left.org/about-el/member-parties|title=EL-Parties {{!}} European LEFT|website=www.european-left.org|language=en|access-date=2018-03-24}}</ref> [[生態社會主義|eco-socialism]].<ref name="EuropeanLeftManifesto">http://www.european-left.org/sites/default/files/final_platform_en_7.pdf</ref>
| [[歐洲懷疑主義|Soft Euroscepticism]]<ref name="Demetriou" />
|{{Composition bar|0|28|hex={{Party of the European Left/meta/color}}}}
| {{Composition bar|20|751|hex={{Party of the European Left/meta/color}}}}
| {{Composition bar|1|28|hex={{Party of the European Left/meta/color}}}}
|-
|bgcolor=#053881|
| [[Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom]]
| [[民族和自由欧洲|ENF]]
|[[Jean-François Jalkh]] (FR)
|[[右派|Right-wing]] to [[極右派|far-right]]
| [[民族保守主義|National conservatism]], [[souverainism]], [[排外主義|nativism]].
| [[歐洲懷疑主義|Hard Euroscepticism]]<ref name="FLS" />
|{{Composition bar|0|28|hex=#053881}}
| {{Composition bar|33|751|hex=#053881}}
| {{Composition bar|0|28|hex=#053881}}
|-
|bgcolor=#662287|
| [[欧洲自由联盟|European Free Alliance]]
| [[綠黨－歐洲自由聯盟|Greens-EFA]]
|[[François Alfonsi]] (FR)
|[[大帐篷|Big tent]]
| [[區域主義|Regionalism]], [[本土自治|autonomism]], [[分離主義|separatism]], [[Political parties of minorities|ethnic minority interests]].<ref name="Nordsieck" />
| [[Pro-Europeanism]]<ref name="Demetriou" />
|{{Composition bar|0|28|#662287}}
| {{Composition bar|11|751|#662287}}
| {{Composition bar|0|28|#662287}}
|-
| style="background-color: {{European Democratic Party/meta/color}}" |
| [[歐洲民主黨|European Democratic Party]]
| [[欧洲自由民主联盟党团|ALDE]]
|[[弗朗索瓦·贝鲁|François Bayrou]] (FR) and [[Francesco Rutelli]] (IT)
|[[中间派|Centre]]
| [[基督教民主主義|Christian democracy]], [[社会自由主义|Social liberalism]], [[聯邦歐洲|federalism]].
| [[Pro-Europeanism]]<ref name="KPC">{{cite book|last1=Kenealy|first1=Daniel|last2=Peterson|first2=John|last3=Corbett|first3=Richard|title=The European Union: How does it work?|date=2015|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=0199685371|page=155|edition=4}}</ref><ref name="BrackCosta2014">{{cite book|author1=Nathalie Brack|author2=Olivier Costa|title=How the EU Really Works|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8cOSAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA120|year=2014|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-1-4724-1465-6|page=120}}</ref>
|{{Composition bar|0|28|hex={{European Democratic Party/meta/color}}}}
| {{Composition bar|9|751|hex={{European Democratic Party/meta/color}}}}<ref>http://www.pde-edp.eu/en/organisation/european-parliament</ref>
| {{Composition bar|0|28|hex={{European Democratic Party/meta/color}}}}
|-
|bgcolor=#0BAE2C|
| [[European Christian Political Movement]]
| [[歐洲保守派和改革主義者|ECR]]
|Branislav Škripek (SK)
|[[右派|Right-wing]]
| [[基督教右派|Christian right]], [[social conservatism]], [[古典保守主义|traditionalist conservatism]].
| [[歐洲懷疑主義|Soft Euroscepticism]]<ref name="Demetriou" />
|{{Composition bar|0|28|#0BAE2C}}
|{{Composition bar|6|751|#0BAE2C}}
|{{Composition bar|0|28|#0BAE2C}}
|-
| bgcolor="#171F4C" |
|[[Alliance of European National Movements]]
|[[无所属议员|NI]]
|[[Béla Kovács (politician, 1960)|Béla Kovács]] (HU)
|[[極右派|Far-right]]
|[[Ultranationalism]], [[排外主義|nativism]], [[親俄|Russophilia]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.svoboda.org.ua/news/comments/00010588/|title=A letter to the President of Alliance of European National Movements|website=en.svoboda.org.ua|language=en|access-date=2018-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/hungary/2014-05-29/russian-spy-brussels|title=A Russian Spy in Brussels?|last=Orenstein|first=Mitchell A.|date=2014-05-29|work=Foreign Affairs|access-date=2018-03-24|last2=Krekó|first2=Péter|language=en-US|issn=0015-7120}}</ref> [[第三位置|Third Position]].
|[[歐洲懷疑主義|Hard Euroscepticism]]<ref name="Demetriou" />
|{{Composition bar|0|28|#171F4C}}
|{{Composition bar|3|751|#171F4C}}
|{{Composition bar|0|28|#171F4C}}
|-
| bgcolor="#000000" |
|[[Alliance for Peace and Freedom]]
|[[无所属议员|NI]]
|[[Roberto Fiore]] (IT)
|[[極右派|Far-right]]
|[[Ultranationalism]], [[排外主義|nativism]], [[新法西斯主義|neo-fascism]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shaffer|first=Ryan|date=23 Jan 2018|title=Pan-European thought in British fascism: the International Third Position and the Alliance for Peace and Freedom|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0031322X.2017.1417191|journal=Patterns of Prejudice|volume=52|pages=|via=}}</ref> [[新納粹主義|neo-nazism]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/106fdaf2-e46e-11e5-ac45-5c039e797d1c|title=Neo-Nazi party makes an electoral breakthrough in Slovakia|last=Foy|first=Henry|date=March 7, 2016|newspaper=[[金融時報|Financial Times]]}}</ref><ref name="Nazis1">—
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=b8k4rEPvq_8C&pg=PA106 Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups] by Stephen E. Atkins. p. 106 "the oldest of the German neo-Nazi parties"
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=HUQGCmSxSXcC&pg=PA318 Germany transformed: political culture and the new politics], by Kendall L. Baker, Russell J. Dalton, Kai Hildebrandt. p. 318 "the neo-Nazi NPD (National Democratic Party of Germany)"
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=hafLHZgZtt4C&pg=PA903 Europe since 1945: an encyclopedia, Volume 2], by Bernard A. Cook. p.903 "possibly deserving of the label "neofascist" .... The NPD was founded in 1964 by survivors of the overtly neo-Nazi SRP"
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=shx4xET0JDIC&pg=PA287 The Routledge companion to Nazi Germany] by Roderick Stackelberg. p.287 "a Neo-Nazi party founded in 1964 in West Germany"
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=bW-Z-5q-5zIC&pg=PA180 Encyclopaedia of international law] by Vinod K. Lall, Danial Khemchand. p. 180 "frankly fascist NPD", "the Neo-Nazi NPD", "this neo-Nazi organization"
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=SX4B7pNG3W8C&pg=PR23 The beast reawakens] by Martin A. Lee. "neo-Nazi NPD"</ref> [[第三位置|Third Position]]
|[[歐洲懷疑主義|Hard Euroscepticism]]<ref name="Demetriou" />
|{{Composition bar|0|28|#000000}}
|{{Composition bar|2|751|#000000}}
|{{Composition bar|0|28|#000000}}
|-
|}
==参见==
==参见==
*[[欧洲议会党团]]
*[[欧洲议会党团]]

==參考資料==
==參考資料==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

2018年4月20日 (五) 12:00的版本

欧洲政党（英語：European political party）[1] 是运行于欧洲各国和欧洲联盟机构内部的一种政党组织。它们受欧盟法律监督并得到欧盟的拨款作为活动经费。它们往往由各国政党共同创建，而非个人。除了受欧盟正式认可的欧洲政党外，还有一些性质类似于欧洲政党的欧洲范围内的国际政党组织存在。[2]

當前歐洲政黨

截至March 2018年 (March 2018-Missing required parameter 1=month!), there are 12 registered Europarties:[3]

歐洲政黨 政治 席次
名稱 黨團 主席 光譜 立場 歐洲統合 联盟委员会 議會 理事会
style="background-color: Template:European People's Party/meta/color" | 歐洲人民黨 EPP Joseph Daul (FR) Centre-right Liberal conservatism, Christian democracy.[4] Pro-Europeanism[5]
14 / 28
215 / 751
9 / 28
style="background-color: Template:Party of European Socialists/meta/color" | 欧洲社会党 S&D Sergei Stanishev (BG) Centre-left Social democracy, social liberalism. Pro-Europeanism
8 / 28
191 / 751
5 / 28
style="background-color: Template:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe/meta/color" | 歐洲自由民主聯盟黨 ALDE Hans van Baalen (NL) Centre Social liberalism,Classical liberalism, federalism. Pro-Europeanism[5]
5 / 28
58 / 751
8 / 28
style="background-color: Template:Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists/meta/color" | Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe ECR Jan Zahradil (CZ) Right-wing Conservatism, economic liberalism,[6][7] anti-federalism.[8] Soft Euroscepticism[5][9]
0 / 28
50 / 751
2 / 28
style="background-color: Template:European Green Party/meta/color" | European Green Party Greens-EFA Monica Frassoni (IT) and Reinhard Bütikofer (DE) Centre-left to left-wing Green politics, progressivism. Pro-Europeanism[5]
0 / 28
39 / 751
0 / 28
style="background-color: Template:Party of the European Left/meta/color" | Party of the European Left GUE-NGL Gregor Gysi (DE) Left-wing to far-left Democratic socialism,[10] communism,[11] eco-socialism.[12] Soft Euroscepticism[5]
0 / 28
20 / 751
1 / 28
Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom ENF Jean-François Jalkh (FR) Right-wing to far-right National conservatism, souverainism, nativism. Hard Euroscepticism[9]
0 / 28
33 / 751
0 / 28
European Free Alliance Greens-EFA François Alfonsi (FR) Big tent Regionalism, autonomism, separatism, ethnic minority interests.[4] Pro-Europeanism[5]
0 / 28
11 / 751
0 / 28
style="background-color: Template:European Democratic Party/meta/color" | European Democratic Party ALDE François Bayrou (FR) and Francesco Rutelli (IT) Centre Christian democracy, Social liberalism, federalism. Pro-Europeanism[13][14]
0 / 28
9 / 751
[15]
0 / 28
European Christian Political Movement ECR Branislav Škripek (SK) Right-wing Christian right, social conservatism, traditionalist conservatism. Soft Euroscepticism[5]
0 / 28
6 / 751
0 / 28
Alliance of European National Movements NI Béla Kovács (HU) Far-right Ultranationalism, nativism, Russophilia,[16][17] Third Position. Hard Euroscepticism[5]
0 / 28
3 / 751
0 / 28
Alliance for Peace and Freedom NI Roberto Fiore (IT) Far-right Ultranationalism, nativism, neo-fascism,[18] neo-nazism,[19][20] Third Position Hard Euroscepticism[5]
0 / 28
2 / 751
0 / 28

参见

參考資料

  1. ^ Wolfram Nordsieck. Parties & Elections in Europe. [11 July 2015]. 
  2. ^ Lelieveldt, Herman; Princen, Sebatiaan. The politics of the European Union. Google Books. Cambridge University Press. [25 April 2015]. 
  3. ^ List of registered European Political Parties and European Political Foundations. www.appf.europa.eu. [4 December 2017]. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Parties and Elections in Europe: The database about parliamentary elections and political parties in Europe, by Wolfram Nordsieck
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 Demetriou, Kyriakos. The European Union in Crisis : Explorations in Representation and Democratic Legitimacy. Springer. 2014: 46. ISBN 9783319087740. 
  6. ^ Baker, David; Schnapper, Pauline. Britain and the Crisis of the European Union. Springer. : 87. ISBN 9781137005205. 
  7. ^ Nunes Silva, Miguel. Europe Turns Against the EU. The American Conservative. [30 August 2016] （美国英语）. 
  8. ^ Watson, Iain. New German party causes Cameron EU Parliament dilemma. BBC News. 3 June 2014 [3 July 2014]. 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 FitzGibbon, John; Leruth, Benjamin; Startin, Nick. Euroscepticism as a Transnational and Pan-European Phenomenon : The Emergence of a New Sphere of Opposition. : 198. ISBN 9781317422501. 
  10. ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram. Parties and Elections in Europe. www.parties-and-elections.eu. [2017-05-28]. 
  11. ^ EL-Parties | European LEFT. www.european-left.org. [2018-03-24] （英语）. 
  12. ^ http://www.european-left.org/sites/default/files/final_platform_en_7.pdf
  13. ^ Kenealy, Daniel; Peterson, John; Corbett, Richard. The European Union: How does it work? 4. OUP Oxford. 2015: 155. ISBN 0199685371. 
  14. ^ Nathalie Brack; Olivier Costa. How the EU Really Works. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 2014: 120. ISBN 978-1-4724-1465-6. 
  15. ^ http://www.pde-edp.eu/en/organisation/european-parliament
  16. ^ A letter to the President of Alliance of European National Movements. en.svoboda.org.ua. [2018-03-24] （英语）. 
  17. ^ Orenstein, Mitchell A.; Krekó, Péter. A Russian Spy in Brussels?. Foreign Affairs. 2014-05-29 [2018-03-24]. ISSN 0015-7120 （美国英语）. 
  18. ^ Shaffer, Ryan. Pan-European thought in British fascism: the International Third Position and the Alliance for Peace and Freedom. Patterns of Prejudice. 23 Jan 2018, 52. 
  19. ^ Foy, Henry. Neo-Nazi party makes an electoral breakthrough in Slovakia. Financial Times. March 7, 2016. 
  20. ^ —

外部連結

欧洲联盟 泛欧洲政治组织
欧盟已承认的政党
现存
已解散
欧盟未承认的政党
现存
已解散
北歐理事會党团
歐洲理事會議員大會党团
其他欧洲跨国性政党联盟
现存
已解散
组织
政治
选举
内部团体
位置（英语：Institutional seats of the European Union）
历史
奖项
模擬
其他
规范控制数据库：各地 編輯維基數據鏈接
  • 捷克
取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=欧洲政党&oldid=49225021”