乍得语族

乍得语族
地理分佈：	尼日利亞、尼日爾、乍得、中非共和國及喀麥隆
谱系学分类：	亚非语系; 乍得语族
分支：	比烏-曼達拉語支東乍得語支 Masa語支西乍得語支
ISO 639-5:	cdc
语言学人列表：	AFB

乍得语族(Chadic languages)是亞非語系（閃含語系）之下的語族之一，語言人口主要分布於中、西非的尼日利亞北部、尼日爾、乍得、中非共和國及喀麥隆。乍得語族大致上可以分為比烏-曼達拉語支、東乍得語支、西乍得語支和Masa語支四個語支。

豪薩語是乍得語族中語言人口分布最廣泛的語言，屬於西乍得語支，亦是西非的非官方通用語。

[编辑] 分支

比乌-曼达拉语支 (Biu-Mandara)
- Biu-Mandara A
  - Biu-Mandara A.1
    - Biu-Mandara Eastern A.1
      - Boga (bvw)
      - Ga'anda (gqa)
      - Hwana (hwo)
    - Biu-Mandara Western A.1
      - Jara (jaf)
      - Tera (ttr)
  - Biu-Mandara A.2
    - Nggwahyi (ngx)
    - Biu-Mandara A.2 1
      - Bura-Pabir (bwr)
      - Cibak (ckl)
      - Kofa (kso)
      - Putai (mfl)
    - Biu-Mandara A.2 2
      - Huba (hbb)
      - Marghi South (mfm)
      - Marghi Central (mrt)
  - Biu-Mandara A.3
    - Bana (bcw)
    - Hya (hya)
    - Kamwe (hig)
    - Psikye (kvj)
  - Biu-Mandara A.4
    - Lamang
      - Hdi (xed)
      - Lamang (hia)
      - Vemgo-Mabas (vem)
    - Mandara Proper
      - Glavda
        
        Cineni (cie)
        
        Dghwede (dgh)
        
        Glavda (glw)
        
        Guduf-Gava (gdf)
        
        Gvoko (ngs)
      - Mandara
        
        Wandala (mfi)
      - Podoko
        
        Parkwa (pbi)
  - Biu-Mandara A.5
    - Baldemu (bdn)
    - Cuvok (cuv)
    - Dugwor (dme)
    - Giziga, North (gis)
    - Giziga, South (giz)
    - Mada (mxu)
    - Mafa (maf)
    - Matal (mfh)
    - Mbuko (mqb)
    - Mefele (mfj)
    - Merey (meq)
    - Mofu, North (mfk)
    - Mofu-Gudur (mif)
    - Moloko (mlw)
    - Muyang (muy)
    - Vame (mlr)
    - Wuzlam (udl)
    - Zulgo-Gemzek (gnd)
  - Biu-Mandara A.6
    - Sukur (syk)
  - Biu-Mandara A.7
    - Buwal (bhs)
    - Daba (dbq)
    - Gavar (gou)
    - Mazagway (dkx)
    - Mbedam (xmd)
    - Mina (hna)
  - Biu-Mandara A.8
    - Bacama (bcy)
    - Bata (bta)
    - Fali (fli)
    - Gude (gde)
    - Gudu (gdu)
    - Holma (hod)
    - Jimi (jim)
    - Ngwaba (ngw)
    - Nzanyi (nja)
    - Sharwa (swq)
    - Tsuvan (tsh)
    - Zizilivakan (ziz)
- Biu-Mandara B
  - Biu-Mandara B.1
    - Jilbe (jie)
    - Buduma
      - Buduma (bdm)
    - Jina
      - Jina (jia)
      - Majera (xmj)
    - Kotoko Proper
      - Afade (aal)
      - Lagwan (kot)
      - Malgbe (mxf)
      - Maslam (msv)
      - Mpade (mpi)
      - Mser (kqx)
  - Biu-Mandara B.2
    - Mbara (mpk)
    - Musgu (mug)
    - Muskum (mje)
- Biu-Mandara C
  - Gidar (gid)
东乍得语支 (East Chadic)
- East Chadic A
  - East Chadic A.1
    - Buso (bso)
    - East Chadic A.1 1
      - Mire (mvh)
      - Ndam (ndm)
      - Somrai (sor)
      - Tumak (tmc)
    - East Chadic A.1 2
      - Boor (bvf)
      - Gadang (gdk)
      - Miltu (mlj)
      - Sarua (swy)
  - East Chadic A.2
    - East Chadic A.2 1
      - Kimré (kqp)
      - Lele (lln)
      - Nancere (nnc)
    - East Chadic A.2 2
      - Gabri (gab)
      - Kabalai (kvf)
      - Tobanga (tng)
  - East Chadic A.3
    - Kera (ker)
    - Kwang (kvi)
- East Chadic B
  - East Chadic B.1
    - East Chadic B.1 1
      - Bidiyo (bid)
      - Dangaléat (daa)
      - Jonkor Bourmataguil (jeu)
      - Mabire (muj)
      - Mawa (mcw)
      - Migaama (mmy)
      - Mogum (mou)
      - Ubi (ubi)
    - East Chadic B.1 2
      - Birgit (btf)
      - Kajakse (ckq)
      - Masmaje (mes)
      - Mubi (mub)
      - Toram (trj)
      - Zirenkel (zrn)
  - East Chadic B.2
    - Mukulu (moz)
  - East Chadic B.3
    - Barein (bva)
    - Saba (saa)
    - Sokoro (sok)
    - Tamki (tax)
Masa 语支
- Herdé (hed)
- Marba (mpg)
- Masana (mcn)
- Mesme (zim)
- Musey (mse)
- Ngete (nnn)
- Pévé (lme)
- Zumaya (zuy)
西乍得语支 (West Chadic)
- Luri (ldd)
- West Chadic A
  - Daza (dzd)
  - West Chadic A.1
    - Gwandara (gwn)
    - 豪萨语、豪撒语（Hausa）(hau)
  - West Chadic A.2
    - Bole
      - Bure (bvh)
      - Bole Proper
        
        Beele (bxq)
        
        Bole (bol)
        
        Deno (dbb)
        
        Galambu (glo)
        
        Gera (gew)
        
        Geruma (gea)
        
        Giiwo (kks)
        
        Kholok (ktc)
        
        Kubi (kof)
        
        Maaka (mew)
        
        Ngamo (nbh)
        
        Nyam (nmi)
      - Karekare
        
        Karekare (kai)
    - Tangale
      - Dera
        
        Dera (kna)
      - Tangale Proper
        
        Kushi (kuh)
        
        Kutto (kpa)
        
        Kwaami (ksq)
        
        Pero (pip)
        
        Piya-Kwonci (piy)
        
        Tangale (tan)
  - West Chadic A.3
    - Angas Proper
      - Angas Proper 1
        
        Cakfem-Mushere (cky)
        
        Jorto (jrt)
        
        Kofyar (kwl)
        
        Miship (mjs)
        
        Mwaghavul (sur)
        
        Ngas (anc)
      - Angas Proper 2
        
        Goemai (ank)
        
        Koenoem (kcs)
        
        Montol (mtl)
        
        Pyapun (pcw)
        
        Tal (tal)
    - Yiwom
      - Yiwom (gek)
  - West Chadic A.4
    - Fyer
      - Fyer (fie)
      - Tambas (tdk)
    - Ron Proper
      - Duhwa (kbz)
      - Kulere (kul)
      - Mundat (mmf)
      - Ron (cla)
      - Sha (scw)
- West Chadic B
  - West Chadic B.1
    - Auyokawa (auo)
    - Bade Proper
      - Bade (bde)
      - Ngizim (ngi)
      - Teshenawa (twc)
    - Duwai
      - Duwai (dbp)
  - West Chadic B.2
    - Ajawa (ajw)
    - Ciwogai (tgd)
    - Diri (dwa)
    - Kariya (kil)
    - Mburku (bbt)
    - Miya (mkf)
    - Pa'a (pqa)
    - Siri (sir)
    - Warji (wji)
    - Zumbun (jmb)
  - West Chadic B.3
    - Dass (dot)
    - Boghom
      - Boghom (bux)
      - Kir-Balar (kkr)
      - Mangas (zns)
    - Guruntum
      - Guruntum-Mbaaru (grd)
      - Ju (juu)
      - Tala (tak)
      - Zangwal (zah)
    - West Chadic B.3 Eastern
      - Jimi (jmi)
    - Zaar Proper
      - Geji (gji)
      - Polci (plj)
      - Saya (say)
      - Zari (zaz)
      - Zeem (zua)

[编辑] 參考文獻

Ethnologue entry for Chadic languages
Lukas, Johannes (1936) 'The linguistic situation in the Lake Chad area in Central Africa.' Africa, 9, 332–349.
Newman, Paul (1977) 'Chadic classification and reconstructions.' Afroasiatic Linguistics 5, 1, 1–42.
Newman, Paul (1978) 'Chado-Hamitic 'adieu': new thoughts on Chadic language classification', in Fronzaroli, Pelio (ed.), Atti del Secondo Congresso Internazionale di Linguistica Camito-Semitica. Florence: Instituto de Linguistica e di Lingue Orientali, Università di Firenze, 389–397.
Newman, Paul (1980) The Classification of Chadic within Afroasiatic. Leiden: Universitaire Pers Leiden.
Newman, Paul and Ma, Roxana (1966) 'Comparative Chadic: phonology and lexicon.' Journal of African Languages, 5, 218–251.
Schuh, Russell (2003) 'Chadic overview', in M. Lionel Bender, Gabor Takacs, and David L. Appleyard (eds.), Selected Comparative-Historical Afrasian Linguistic Studies in Memory of Igor M. Diakonoff, LINCOM Europa, 55–60.

[编辑] 外部連結

Chadic Newsletter Online

乍得语族

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