节奏

维基百科,自由的百科全书
(重定向自節奏
一幅早期的華爾滋舞蹈動畫,顯現出一連串的反覆,從而形成了節奏。

节奏(英語:Rhythm)是一种由一定速度的节拍以及不同长短的音值和不同高低的音调组合在一起的東西。例如,2/2拍就是强/弱,也就是我们常听到的“嘭恰”,那么3/4拍是强/弱/弱,也就是“嘭恰恰”,我们常听到的圆舞曲大部分就都是3/4拍的了,4/4拍是强/弱/次强/次弱。节奏可以独立被欣赏,例如锣鼓演奏。节奏也可以成为旋律音乐的骨架。

節奏的組成:

1.模式的規則與不規則 2.聲音的長短 3.聲音的強弱 4.聲音的有無

  • 1/2拍: ta
  • 1/4拍: ti

參考文獻[编辑]

  • Agawu, Kofi. 2003. Representing African Music: Postcolonial Notes, Queries, Positions. New York: Routledge.
  • Anon. The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary II. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1971.
  • April 30, 2009. "Parrots have got rhythm, studies find", World-Science.net.
  • Berry, Wallace (1987). Structural Functions in Music, second edition. New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-25384-8.
  • Chernoff, John Miller (1979). African Rhythm and African Sensibility: Aesthetic and Social Action in African Musical Idioms. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Cooper, Paul (1973). Perspectives in Music Theory: An Historical-Analytical Approach. New York: Dodd, Mead. ISBN 0-396-06752-2.
  • Covaciu-Pogorilowski, Andrei. n.d. "Musical Time Theory and A Manifesto". Self-published online (accessed 1 August 2014).
  • Fitch, W. Tecumseh, and Andrew J. Rosenfeld (2007). "Perception and Production of Syncopated Rhythms". Music Perception, Vol. 25, Issue 1, pp. 43–58. ISSN 0730-7829.
  • Fraisse, Paul (1956). Les Structures Rhythmiques, with a preface by A. Michotte. Studia Psychologica. Louvain: Publications Universitaires; Paris and Brussels: Édition Erasme; Antwerp and Amsterdam: Standaard Boekhandel.
  • Forney, Kristine, and Joseph Machlis. 2007. The Enjoyment of Music, tenth edition. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-17423-6.
  • Goodall, Howard (presenter). 2006. How Music Works with Howard Goodall, produced by David Jeffcock. Television series, 4 episodes. Episode 2: "Rhythm" (Saturday 25 November, 6:20–7:20pm). Tiger Aspect Productions for Channel 4 Television Corporation.
  • Hasty, Christopher (1997). Meter as Rhythm. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-510066-2.
  • Holst, Imogen. An ABC of Music: A Short Practical Guide to the Basic Essentials of Rudiments, Harmony, and Form. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1963.
  • The Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing (1977). Ballroom Dancing. Sevenoaks, Kent: Hodder and Stoughton; New York: David McKay Co.
  • Jirousek, Charlotte. 1995. "Rhythm". In An Interactive Textbook, Ithaca: Cornell University website (accessed 24 July 2014).
  • Jordania, Joseph. 2011. Why do People Sing? Music in Human Evolution. Tbilisi: Logos, International Research Center for Traditional Polyphony; Melbourne: The University of Melbourne, Institute of Classical Philology, Bizantyne 原文如此 and Modern Greek Studies.
  • Karpinski, Gary S. Aural Skills Acquisition: The Development of Listening, Reading, and Performing Skills in College-Level Musicians. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. ISBN 978-0-19-511785-1.
  • Latham, Alison. 2002. "Metre", The Oxford Companion to Music, edited by Alison Latham. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-866212-2.
  • Lerdahl, Fred, and Ray Jackendoff. 1983. A Generative Theory of Tonal Music. The MIT Press Series on Cognitive Theory and Mental Representation. Cambridge: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-12094-4; ISBN 978-0-262-62107-6; ISBN 978-0-262-62049-9.
  • Lester, Joel. The Rhythms of Tonal Music. Hillsdale, NY: Pendragon Press, 1986. ISBN 978-0-8093-1282-5.
  • Liddell, Henry George, and Robert Scott. "ῥυθμός", in A Greek-English Lexicon, revised edition, combining the text of the ninth edition with an extensively revised and expanded Supplement. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. Online, Perseus Project
  • London, Justin (2004). Hearing in Time: Psychological Aspects of Musical Meter. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-516081-9.
  • MacPherson, Stewart, Form in Music, London: Joseph Williams, 1930.
  • Middleton, Richard (1990). Studying Popular Music. Philadelphia: Open University Press. ISBN 0-335-15275-9.
  • Mithen, Steven. The Singing Neanderthals: The Origins of Music, Language, Mind and Body. (PDF). London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 2005 [2018-01-17]. ISBN 0-297-64317-7. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2020-11-09). 
  • Moravcsik, Michael J. (2002). Musical Sound: An Introduction to the Physics of Music. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. ISBN 978-0-306-46710-3.
  • Narmour, Eugene. Beyond Schenkerism: The Need for Alternatives in Music Analysis. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1977. Phoenix paperback edition 1980. ISBN 978-0-226-56847-8 (cloth); ISBN 978-0-226-56848-5 (paperback).
  • Patel, Aniruddh D. Musical Rhythm, Linguistic Rhythm, and Human Evolution. Music Perception (Berkeley, California: University of California Press). 2006, 1 (24): 99–104. ISSN 0730-7829. 
  • Patel, Aniruddh D. The Evolutionary Biology of Musical Rhythm: Was Darwin Wrong?. PLoS Biol. 2014, 12 (3 (25 March )): e1001821. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001821. 
  • Percival, Harold W. Thinking and Destiny. The Word Foundation, Inc. 1946. ISBN 978-0-911650-06-8. 
  • Pieslak, Jonathan (2009). Sound Targets: American Soldiers and Music in the Iraq War. Bloomington and London: Indiana University Press.
  • Roads, Curtis (2001). Microsound. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-18215-7; ISBN 978-0-262-68154-4
  • Rothstein, William (1989). Phrase Rhythm in Tonal Music. New York: Schirmer Books. ISBN 9780028721910.
  • Sacks, Oliver. Keeping Time: Rhythm and Movement. Musicophilia, Tales of Music and the Brain. New York and Toronto: Alfred A. Knopf. 2007. ISBN 978-1-4000-4081-0. [页码请求]
  • Sandow, Greg (2004). "A Fine Madness". In The Pleasure of Modernist Music: Listening, Meaning, Intention, Ideology, edited by Arved Mark Ashby, 253–58. ISBN 1-58046-143-3. Reprinted from The Village Voice (16 March 1982).
  • Scholes, Percy (1977a). "Form", in The Oxford Companion to Music, 6th corrected reprint of the 10th ed. (1970), revised and reset, edited by John Owen Ward. London and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-311306-6.
  • Scholes, Percy (1977b). "Metre", in The Oxford Companion to Music, 6th corrected reprint of the 10th ed. (1970), revised and reset, edited by John Owen Ward. London and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-311306-6.
  • Scholes, Percy (1977c). "Rhythm", in The Oxford Companion to Music, 6th corrected reprint of the 10th ed. (1970), revised and reset, edited by John Owen Ward. London and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-311306-6.
  • Slatkin, Leonard. n.d. "Discovering Music: Rhythm with Leonard Slatkin".
  • Toussaint, Godfried T., “The Geometry of Musical Rhythm,” In J. Akiyama, M. Kano, and X. Tan, editors, Proceedings of the Japan Conference on Discrete and Computational Geometry, Vol. 3742, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, 2005, pp. 198–212.
  • White, John D. (1976). The Analysis of Music. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-033233-X.
  • Winold, Allen (1975). "Rhythm in Twentieth-Century Music". In Aspects of Twentieth-Century Music, edited by Gary Wittlich, pp. 208-269. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-049346-5.
  • Woodrow, Herbert. "Time Perception". In A Handbook of Experimental Psychology, edited by Stanley Smith Stevens,[页码请求]. New York: Wiley, 1951.
  • Yeston, Maury. 1976. The Stratification of Musical Rhythm. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-01884-3.

延伸閱讀[编辑]

参看[编辑]

外部連結[编辑]