汉弗莱斯营 是美国人口最多的海外军事基地,军人和平民人口总计40,000人
这是一个拥有海外军事基地的国家列表 。主权国家在海外建立军事基地 ,能够使国家的武力投射 (例如进行远征作战 ),从而影响海外事件。根据海外基地的规模和基础设施,它们可以用作集结点 ,或者用于后勤、通讯和情报支援。现代历史上的许多冲突,导致世界大国 建立不少的海外军事基地,以帮助有关国家实现政治和军事目标。
一战 和二战 期间,英国 与其他殖民强国在许多殖民地建立海外军事基地,并且基于战略原因,积极寻求对所需设施的使用权,过去在海外建立煤炭补给站 ,对海军舰艇而言非常重要。冷战 期间,美国 和苏联 在各自势力范围内,尽可能的建立军事基地,并在有关地区积极寻求影响力。最近期间,反恐战争 导致在中东地区 建立海外军事基地。
虽然自1945年以来,海外军事基地的总数有所减少,但是美国、土耳其 、英国、俄罗斯 和法国 仍然拥有或使用大量海外军事基地;中国 、伊朗 、印度 、意大利 、日本 、沙特阿拉伯 、新加坡 和阿联酋 则运营着少量的海外军事基地。
美国是最大的海外军事基地运营者,截至2014年9月30日,拥有38个“已命名的基地”[ 注 1] ,其中有现役、国民警卫队、预备役或文职人员。规模最大的是位于德国 的拉姆施泰因空军基地 ,拥有近9,200名人员。[ 2] [ 注 2]
沙烏地阿拉伯[ 编辑 ]
^ What are here termed "named bases" are the bases listed in section X: "Personnel Data from DMDC", i.e. excluding that table's rows labelled "Other", in the 2015 DoD Base Structure Report.
^ The 2015 U.S. Base Structure Report gives 587 overseas sites , but sites are merely real property at a distinct geographical location, and multiple sites may belong to one installation (page DoD-3). For example, the Garmisch, Germany "named base" with its 72 personnel has eight distinct sites large enough to be listed in the Army's Individual Service Inventory list: Artillery Kaserne, Breitenau Skeet Range, Garmisch Family Housing, Garmish Golf Course, General Abrams Hotel And Disp, Hausberg Ski Area, Oberammergau NATO School, and Sheridan Barracks (listed in Army-15 to Army-17). These range in size from Ramstein AB with 9,188 active, guard/reserve, and civilian personnel down to Worms, which has just one civilian.
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