Ł

	Ł ł Ł ł
拉丁字母 ł
大写字母	Ł
小写字母	ł
Unicode编码	大写：U+0141; 小写：U+0142

Ł, ł（带斜划的l）是波兰语、卡舒比语、上索布语、下索布语、美国西南部的纳瓦荷语、意大利北部的威尼斯语的一个字母，也是白俄罗斯语拉丁字母（Łacinka）之一。除纳瓦荷语及威尼斯语之外， Ł 用来表示由原始斯拉夫语继承而来的非腭音 l（即软颚化齿龈边音 /ɫ/）。使用微软系统，按住Alt键不放，按下数字321会出现Ł，322则是ł，然后放开即完成。

波兰语

最早在波兰语中采用不同字母来分辨两种/l/音的，是1440年的Jakub Pakoszowic（英语：Jakub Pakoszowic），当时他提议以草书体的 $\ \ell$ 来表示常规的齿龈边音 [l] ，并用 Ł 来表示软颚化齿龈边音 [ɫ]，不过当时他所画在“L”上的删节线，方向与今日版本的相反。今时看到的版本，是16世纪时的Stanisław Zaborowski（英语：Stanisław Zaborowski）在他一本于1514年至1515年间，名为《Orthographia seu modus recte scribendi et legendi Polonicum idioma quam ultissimus》的书本首次出现^[1]。虽然现时在波兰语中，Ł 的读法已变成了 /w/^[2]，但旧有的读音依然在波兰的东部保留下来^[3]，而在立陶宛、白俄罗斯与乌克兰的波兰少数族裔居民，亦沿用旧有的读法。

把 Ł 读成 /w/ 的习惯亦是在16世纪开始，主要流行于当时波兰的平民。过往这种读法都被视为没有文化的口音，直到20世纪中期，这种偏见才开始消退。原来这种读法只在特定场合在会出现，但随着 /w/ 的读法被大众所接受，这种变读亦适用于其他情况。因此，现时就算是字的开首或元音之间，Ł 都会被读作 /w/。例如：

波兰语	意思	IPA
ładny	漂亮	/ˈwadnɨ/
słowo	单词	/ˈswɔvɔ/
ciało	身体	/ˈtɕawɔ/

在波兰语中， Ł 与 L 依然保持着对称的关系，特别是当构成阳性复数名词时（例如：mały → mali（/ˈmawɨ/ → /ˈmali/）又或变格时（例如：从主格变为前置格，tło → na tle (/twɔ/ → /tlɛ/)）。

其他语言

在白俄罗斯语 Łacinka 拉丁字母中，ł 对应西里尔字母的 л，并且通常发 /l/ 音。

在纳瓦荷语中，ł 的发音为 /ɬ/（清齿龈边擦音），相当于威尔士语的 Ll。

在威尼斯语中，ł 用来表示软音化的/l/音，发音为 /ʎ/。

莱特币

Ł用作莱特币的货币符号。

字符编码

字符编码	Unicode	ISO 8859-2，16	ISO 8859-13
大写 Ł	U+0141	A3	D9
小写 ł	U+0142	B3	F9

使用这个字母的语言

波兰语字母
A	a	Ą	ą	B	b	C	c	Ć	ć	D	d	E	e	Ę	ę	F	f	G	g	H	h	I	i	J	j	K	k	L	l
Ł	ł	M	m	N	n	Ń	ń	O	o	Ó	ó	P	p	Q	q	R	r	S	s	Ś	ś	T	t	U	u	V	v	W	w
X	x	Y	y	Z	z	Ź	ź	Ż	ż

卡舒比语字母
A	a	Ą	ą	Ã	ã	Ă	ă	B	b	C	c	CZ	cz	D	d	E	e	É	é	Ë	ë	F	f	G	g	H	h	I	i
J	j	K	k	L	l	Ł	ł	M	m	N	n	Ń	ń	Ň	ň	O	o	Ò	ò	Ó	ó	Ô	ô	P	p	RZ	rz	S	s
SZ	sz	T	t	U	u	Ù	ù	W	w	Y	y	Z	z	Ż	ż

上索布语字母
A	a	B	b	C	c	Č	č	Ć	ć	D	d	Dź	dź	E	e	Ě	ě	F	f	G	g	H	h	Ch	ch	I	i	J	j
K	k	Ł	ł	L	l	M	m	N	n	Ń	ń	O	o	Ó	ó	P	p	R	r	Ř	ř	S	s	Š	š	T	t	U	u
W	w	Y	y	Z	z	Ž	ž

下索布语字母
A	a	B	b	C	c	Č	č	Ć	ć	D	d	Dź	dź	E	e	Ě	ě	F	f	G	g	H	h	Ch	ch	I	i	J	j
K	k	Ł	ł	L	l	M	m	N	n	Ń	ń	O	o	Ó	ó	P	p	R	r	Ŕ	ŕ	S	s	Š	š	Ś	ś	T	t
U	u	W	w	Y	y	Z	z	Ž	ž	Ź	ź

白俄罗斯语拉丁字母
A	a	B	b	C	c	Ć	ć	Č	č	D	d	Dz	dz	Dź	dź	Dž	dž	E	e	F	f	G	g	H	h	Ch	ch	I	i	J	j	K	k	L	l
Ł	ł	M	m	N	n	Ń	ń	O	o	P	p	R	r	S	s	Ś	ś	Š	š	T	t	U	u	Ŭ	ŭ	V	v	Y	y	Z	z	Ź	ź	Ž	ž

ISO基本拉丁字母
Aa	Bb	Cc	Dd	Ee	Ff	Gg	Hh	Ii	Jj	Kk	Ll	Mm	Nn	Oo	Pp	Qq	Rr	Ss	Tt	Uu	Vv	Ww	Xx	Yy	Zz
L 的修饰字母 ĹĺĽľĻļḶḷḸḹḼḽḺḻŁłĿŀȽƚⱠⱡⱢɫɬᶅɭȴ 使用横划或斜划的字母 ȺⱥɃƀȻȼꞒꞓĐđɆɇǤǥĦħƗɨɈɉꝀꝁꞢꞣ₭kŁłNnⱣᵽɌɍŦŧɄʉɎɏƵƶꝤꝥ 历史 • 古文字变体 • 连字 • 衍生字母 • 附加符号 • 标点符号 • 数字 • Unicode • 字母列表

参考

^ Joseph Andrew Teslar & Jadwiga Teslar, A New Polish Grammar 8th Edition, Revised. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, Ltd. (1962): 4 - 5. "ł = English l hard, dental ; ... It is true, of course, that the majority of Poles nowadays pronounce this sound with the lips, exactly like the English w. But this is a careless pronunciation leading eventually to the disappearance of a sound typically Polish (and Russian also ; it has already disappeared from the other Slavonic languages, Czech and Serbian). ... In articulating l, your tongue ... projects considerably beyond the horizontal line separating the gums from the teeth and touches the gums or the palate. To pronounce ł ... the tongue should be held flat and rigid in the bottom of the mouth with the tip just bent upwards sufficiently to touch the edge of the front upper teeth. (On no account should the tongue extend beyond the line separating the teeth from the gums.) Holding the tongue rigidly in this position, you should then pronounce one of the vowels a, o or u, consciously dropping the tongue on each occasion, and you will obtain the hard ł quite distinct from the soft l."
^ B. W. Mazur, Colloquial Polish. London: Routledge (1983): 5. "The sounds below exist in English but are pronounced or rendered differently: c ... h[, ] ch ... j ... ł as w in wet[, ] łach ład słowo[; ] r ... w"
^ Oscar E. Swan, First Year Polish 2nd Edition, Revised and Expanded. Columbus: Slavica Publishers (1983): xix. "ł (so-called barrel l) is not pronounced like an l except in Eastern dialects and, increasingly infrequently, in stage pronunciation. It is most often pronounced like English w in way, how. "łeb, dała, był, piłka."

[1] Joseph Andrew Teslar & Jadwiga Teslar, A New Polish Grammar 8th Edition, Revised. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, Ltd. (1962): 4 - 5. "ł = English l hard, dental ; ... It is true, of course, that the majority of Poles nowadays pronounce this sound with the lips, exactly like the English w. But this is a careless pronunciation leading eventually to the disappearance of a sound typically Polish (and Russian also ; it has already disappeared from the other Slavonic languages, Czech and Serbian). ... In articulating l, your tongue ... projects considerably beyond the horizontal line separating the gums from the teeth and touches the gums or the palate. To pronounce ł ... the tongue should be held flat and rigid in the bottom of the mouth with the tip just bent upwards sufficiently to touch the edge of the front upper teeth. (On no account should the tongue extend beyond the line separating the teeth from the gums.) Holding the tongue rigidly in this position, you should then pronounce one of the vowels a, o or u, consciously dropping the tongue on each occasion, and you will obtain the hard ł quite distinct from the soft l."

[2] B. W. Mazur, Colloquial Polish. London: Routledge (1983): 5. "The sounds below exist in English but are pronounced or rendered differently: c ... h[, ] ch ... j ... ł as w in wet[, ] łach ład słowo[; ] r ... w"

[3] Oscar E. Swan, First Year Polish 2nd Edition, Revised and Expanded. Columbus: Slavica Publishers (1983): xix. "ł (so-called barrel l) is not pronounced like an l except in Eastern dialects and, increasingly infrequently, in stage pronunciation. It is most often pronounced like English w in way, how. "łeb, dała, był, piłka."

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