Dynamin central region Structure of the nucleotide-free myosin II motor domain from Dictyostelium discoideum fused to the GTPase domain of dynamin I from Rattus norvegicus
標誌 Dynamin_M Pfam PF01031 (舊版 )InterPro IPR000375
縊斷蛋白 (英語:Dynamin ,也譯為發動蛋白 、動力蛋白 )是一種與真核生物 內吞作用 有關的GTP酶 (GTPase),參與網格蛋白介導的內吞作用 (clathrin-mediated endocytosis,CME)等各種膜裂變和融合過程。在CME的最後階段,縊斷蛋白組裝並充當機械化學支架,使內陷的網格蛋白 包被小窩(clathrin-coated pit,CCP)頸部的膜收縮和變形,並從細胞膜 上切下新生囊泡 [ 1] [ 2] 。
縊斷蛋白與其類似的蛋白屬於一個「縊斷蛋白超家族 」(dynamin superfamily ,DSP),成員包括:MX1 (干擾素誘導的GTP結合蛋白1)、MFN1 (線粒體融合蛋白1)、GBPs(鳥苷酸結合蛋白 )等,都與細胞膜融合有關[ 3] [ 4] 。
縊斷蛋白大小約96 kDa ,長約900個氨基酸殘基,從N-末端 開始依次為GTP酶 結構域(用於結合GTP )、富α螺旋 區域、PH結構域 (用於結合脂質)到C-末端 的富脯氨酸結構域 (用於結合SH3結構域 的蛋白)[ 5] 。
在哺乳動物中,有三種不同的縊斷蛋白基因,三者的PH結構域 關鍵序列存在差異:
^ 1.0 1.1 Henley JR, Cao H, McNiven MA. Participation of dynamin in the biogenesis of cytoplasmic vesicles. FASEB Journal. December 1999,. 13 Suppl 2 (9002): S243–7. PMID 10619136 . doi:10.1096/fasebj.13.9002.S243 .
^ Cheng, Xiaodong; Chen, Kuangcai; Dong, Bin; Yang, Meek; Filbrun, Seth L.; Myoung, Yong; Huang, Teng-Xiang; Gu, Yan; Wang, Gufeng; Fang, Ning. Dynamin-dependent vesicle twist at the final stage of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Nature Cell Biology. 2021-07-12. doi:10.1038/s41556-021-00713-x .
^ Hinshaw, J. "Research statement, Jenny E. Hinshaw, Ph.D." (頁面存檔備份 ,存於互聯網檔案館 ) National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Biology. Accessed 19 March 2013.
^ Urrutia R, Henley JR, Cook T, McNiven MA. The dynamins: redundant or distinct functions for an expanding family of related GTPases? . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. January 1997, 94 (2): 377–84. PMC 34135 . PMID 9012790 . doi:10.1073/pnas.94.2.377 .
^ Jimah, JR; Hinshaw, JE. Structural Insights into the Mechanism of Dynamin Superfamily Proteins.. Trends in cell biology. 2019-03, 29 (3): 257–273. PMID 30527453 . doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2018.11.003 .
^ Praefcke GJ, McMahon HT. The dynamin superfamily: universal membrane tubulation and fission molecules?. Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology. February 2004, 5 (2): 133–147. PMID 15040446 . S2CID 6305282 . doi:10.1038/nrm1313 .