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羅渣·禾達士

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維基百科，自由的百科全書
羅渣·禾達士
Roger Waters
2015年禾達士現場演出
歌手
暱稱水爺
出生
George Roger Waters
佐治·羅渣·禾達士

(1943-09-06) 1943年9月6日（81歲）
 英國舒梨郡大布克姆
職業
  • 詞曲作者
  • 歌手
  • 作曲家
  • 製作人
宗教信仰無
音樂類型
演奏樂器
  • 人聲
  • 低音結他結他
  • 結他
活躍年代1964年至今
唱片公司
網站roger-waters.com
相關團體
羅渣·禾達士的人聲
來自2011年的BBC節目《荒島唱片》。[1]

佐治·羅渣·禾達士（英語：George Roger Waters；1943年9月6日—）是一個英國詞曲作者、歌手、低音結他手和作曲家。1965年他與鼓手尼克·梅森、琴鍵手李察·賴特和兼任結他手、歌手和詞曲作者的西德·巴雷特共同組成了前衛搖滾樂隊平克·佛洛伊德。禾達士最初擔任低音結他手，但1968年西德·巴雷特離開後，禾達士也成為了他們的作詞者、共同主音歌手和概念領袖。

平克·佛洛伊德憑藉概念專輯《月之暗面》、《願你在此》、《動物》和《迷牆》獲得了國際性成功。到20世紀80年代初，他們已經成為流行音樂中最受好評和商業成功的團體之一；到2013年，他們已經在全世界取得了超過2.5億的專輯銷量。由於樂隊成員之間創作理念的差異，禾達士於1985年離開樂隊並與其餘樂隊成員在歌曲版權和樂隊名稱的使用權產生了糾紛。糾紛於1987年以個人形式解決。

禾達士的個人作品包括錄音室專輯《搭便車的利與弊（英語：The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking）》（1984年）、《Radio K.A.O.S.（英語：Radio K.A.O.S.）》（1987年）、《歡愉至死》（1992年）和《這是我們真正想要的生活嗎？》（2017年）。在2005年，他發行了一部歌劇，翻譯自埃蒂安·羅達-吉爾（英語：Étienne Roda-Gil）和納丁·羅達-吉爾（Nadine Roda-Gil）關於法國大革命的歌劇劇本。

在1990年，禾達士舉辦了歷史上規模最大的搖滾音樂會之一的《迷牆 - 柏林現場》，演出參加人數達45萬人。作為平克·佛洛伊德的成員之一，他分別在1996年和2005年被選入美國搖滾名人堂和英國音樂名人堂。2005年晚些時候，他與平克·佛洛伊德成員梅森、賴特和吉爾摩在現場八方全球意識活動中重新團聚，這是自1981年以來樂隊首次和禾達士一起出現。1999年以來，他進行了廣泛的單人表演；他在2006-2008世界巡演中完整地演出了《月之暗面》，並在2010年開始了迷牆現場巡演，這是史上最暢銷的個人現場演出。

早年

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禾達士1943年9月6日生於英國舒梨郡大布克姆，是瑪麗（née Whyte；1913–2009）和艾力·弗萊徹·禾達士（1914–1944）的第二個兒子。[2]他的父親是煤礦工人和工黨活動家的兒子，是一名教師，一位虔誠的基督教徒和一名共產黨員。[3]在第二次世界大戰的早期，他的父親是一名在閃電戰期間駕駛救護車的良心拒服兵役者。[3]

禾達士的父親後來改變了他的和平主義立場，參加了英國陸軍預備役部隊並被委任到第8營，1943年9月11日在皇家燧發槍團擔任一名少尉。[4]他於5個月後的1944年1月18日在鵝卵石行動期間於阿普里利亞被殺，羅格斯此時五個月大。[5]他安葬在卡西諾戰爭公墓，作為紀念。[6]2014年2月18日，禾達士公佈了他父親和阿普利亞里的其他戰爭傷亡者的紀念碑，並成為安濟奧的榮譽公民。[7]

在丈夫去世後，亦是一位老師的瑪麗·禾達士帶着兩個兒子前往劍橋，並將他們撫養在那裏。[8]羅渣·禾達士最早的記憶是第二次世界大戰對日戰爭勝利紀念日。[9]

禾達士參加了莫利紀念小學並在之後和西德·巴雷特在劍橋男子高中學習，而他未來的音樂搭檔大衛·吉爾摩住在該市的米爾路附近，並且在佩斯學校就讀。[10]在15歲時，禾達士擔任劍橋核裁軍青年運動（YCND）的主席，[11]設計了其宣傳海報並參與了其組織。[12]

雖然他是一個熱衷運動的人，也是高中板球和欖球隊的一個備受推崇的隊員，[13]但他不喜歡他的教育經歷; 根據禾達士的說法，「除了比賽之外，我討厭在其中每一秒鐘。學校的政權是一個壓迫人的政權。那些容易受到其他孩子欺負的的孩子同樣也容易受到老師的欺凌。」[14]禾達士在童年時在劍橋認識巴雷特和吉爾莫，在倫敦攝政理工學院（之後的西敏大學）建築系遇見了未來平克·佛洛伊德創團成員尼克·梅森和李察·賴特。禾達士於1962年就讀於此，經過一系列適應性測試表明他非常適合該領域。[15]他最初考慮過機械工程的職業。[16]

1965 – 1985：平克·佛洛伊德

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主條目：平克·佛洛伊德

組建和巴雷特領導時期

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A monochrome image of Roger Waters playing bass guitar. He has shoulder-length hair, black attire, and is standing in front of a microphone.
1970年禾達士和平克·佛洛伊德在列斯大學演出

到1963年9月，禾達士和梅森對他們的學習失去了興趣並搬到了攝政街理工學院兼職導師邁克·倫納德擁有的斯坦霍普花園的低層公寓。[17]禾達士、梅森和賴特於1963年底首次在主音歌手基斯諾布爾和低音結他手克萊夫·梅特卡夫組成的樂隊中一起演奏音樂。[18]

他們通常稱自己為西格瑪6（Sigma 6），但也使用過the Meggadeaths這個名字。[12]禾達士和梅森分別演奏節奏結他和鼓，賴特在他可以安排使用的任何琴鍵上演奏，而諾布爾的姐姐希拉格偶爾提供聲樂伴奏。[19]早年，樂隊在私人演出時表演，並在攝政街理工學院地下室的一個茶室里排練。[20]

在1963年9月，當梅特卡夫和諾布爾離開自建組合時，剩餘的樂隊成員要求巴雷特和結他手鮑勃·克羅斯加入。[21]禾達士轉為演奏低音結他並且在1964年1月，樂隊開始被稱為the Abdabs（或者叫the Screaming Abdabs）。[22]在1964年後期樂隊還使用了倫納德的寄宿者（Leonard's Lodgers）、頻譜五（Spectrum Five）、最終（and eventually）、茶具（the Tea Set）四個名稱。[23]在1965年末的某個時候，茶具開始自稱為平克·佛洛伊德聲音（Pink Floyd Sound），後來改稱為平克·佛洛伊德藍調（Pink Floyd Blues），直到1966年初稱為平克·佛洛伊德。[24]

到1966年初，巴雷特成為平克佛洛伊德的領頭人、結他手和詞曲作者。[25]他寫了或合作寫了除了一首曲目以外的他們的第一張LP唱片《黎明門前的風笛手》，專輯在1967年8月發行。[26]禾達士為這張專輯貢獻了歌曲《黎明門前的風笛手》。[27]到1967年末，巴雷特心理健康狀況日益惡化，行為越來越不穩定[28]，使他「無法或不願意」[29]繼續擔任平克·佛洛伊德的主創歌手和主音結他手的身份。[26]在1968年3月，

平克·佛洛伊德會見了經理人皮特·詹那和布萊克希爾企業的安德魯·金洽談樂隊的未來。巴雷特同意離開平克·佛洛伊德，並且樂隊「同意布萊克希爾的永久授權」對「過去活動」。[30]樂隊的新經理人史提夫·奧洛克（英語：Steve O'Rourke）製作了一份關於巴雷特離隊和1968年4月大衛·吉爾摩的入隊的正式聲明。[31]

禾達士領導時期

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A monochrome image of Pink Floyd performing on a concert stage. Each band member is illuminated from above by bright spotlights
在《月之暗面》發行後不久的1973年，一次該專輯在伯爵宮的現場演出：（從左至右）大衛·吉爾摩、尼克·梅森、迪克·帕里和羅渣·禾達士

為了填補巴雷特離開所產生的領導空白，1968年3月，禾達士開始主導平克·佛洛伊德的藝術創作方向。他成為了主要的作曲者、作詞者以及聯合主音歌手（與吉爾摩一起，有時與賴特），並且在其1985年離開之前一直作為樂隊的首要創作者。[32]從《月之暗面》 (1973) 到《最終樂章》(1983)，在禾達士離開樂隊之前，他為平克·佛洛伊德的五張專輯擔任作曲，與此同時，他在創作上對樂隊和其音樂的逐步發揮更重要的作用。從 《月之暗面》起，每張禾達士經手的錄音室專輯都是概念專輯。[33]完全由禾達士作詞的專輯《月之暗面》是有史以來在商業最成功的搖滾專輯之一。它達到了Billboard二百強專輯榜的第一名並持續了一周，並在1973年到1988年在排行榜上停留了741周，在全球共賣出了超4000萬份。截至2005年，該專輯仍然持續每周賣出超8000份。[34]根據平克·佛洛伊德的傳記作者Glen Povey的描述，《月之暗面》是世界上第二暢銷的專輯，也是美國21世紀最暢銷的專輯[35]

已隱藏部分未翻譯內容，歡迎參與翻譯。

Waters produced thematic ideas that became the impetus for the Pink Floyd concept albums The Dark Side of the Moon (1973), Wish You Were Here (1975), Animals (1977) and The Wall (1979)—written largely by Waters—and The Final Cut (1983)—written entirely by Waters.[36] He referred or alluded to the cost of war and the loss of his father throughout his work, from "Corporal Clegg" (A Saucerful of Secrets, 1968) and "Free Four" (Obscured by Clouds, 1972) to "Us and Them" from The Dark Side of the Moon, "When the Tigers Broke Free", first used in the feature film, The Wall (1982), later included with "The Fletcher Memorial Home" on The Final Cut, an album dedicated to his father.[37] The theme and composition of The Wall was influenced by his upbringing in an English society depleted of men after the Second World War.[38]

我覺得像《Comfortably Numb》這樣的東西是我最後的餘燼，也是羅渣共同創作的能力。 [39]
「
」
—大衛·吉爾摩

The double album The Wall was written almost entirely by Waters and is largely based on his life story.[40] Having sold over 23 million RIAA certified units in the US as of 2013, is one of the top three best-selling albums of all time in America, according to RIAA.[41] Pink Floyd hired Bob Ezrin to co-produce the album and cartoonist Gerald Scarfe to illustrate the sleeve art.[42] The band embarked on The Wall Tour of Los Angeles, New York, London, and Dortmund. The last band performance of The Wall was on 16 June 1981, at Earls Court London, and this was Pink Floyd's last appearance with Waters until the band's brief reunion at 2 July 2005 Live 8 concert in London's Hyde Park, 24 years later.[43]

In March 1983, the last Waters–Gilmour–Mason collaboration, The Final Cut, was released. The album was subtitled: "A requiem for the post-war dream by Roger Waters, performed by Pink Floyd".[44] Waters wrote all the album's lyrics as well as the music. His lyrics were critical of the Conservative Party government of the day and mention Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher by name.[45] At the time Gilmour did not have any new material, so he asked Waters to delay the recording until he could write some songs, but Waters refused.[46] According to Mason, after power struggles within the band and creative arguments about the album, Gilmour's name "disappeared" from the production credits, though he retained his pay.[47] Rolling Stone magazine gave the album five stars, with Kurt Loder describing it as "a superlative achievement" and "art rock's crowning masterpiece".[48] Loder viewed the work as "essentially a Roger Waters solo album".[49]

離開和對吉爾摩和梅森的訴訟

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Amidst creative differences, Waters left Pink Floyd in 1985 and began a legal battle with the band regarding their continued use of the name and material.[50] In December 1985, Waters issued a statement to EMI and CBS invoking the "Leaving Member" clause in his contract. In October 1986, he initiated High Court proceedings to formally dissolve the Pink Floyd partnership. In his submission to the High Court he called Pink Floyd a "spent force creatively".[51] Gilmour and Mason opposed the application and announced their intention to continue as Pink Floyd. Waters claims to have been forced to resign much like Wright some years earlier, and decided to leave Pink Floyd based on legal considerations, stating: "if I hadn't, the financial repercussions would have wiped me out completely."[52] In December 1987, Waters and Pink Floyd reached an agreement.[50] According to Mason:

We eventually formalised a settlement with Roger. On Christmas Eve, 1987 ... David and Roger convened for a summit meeting on the houseboat [the Astoria] with Jerome Walton, David's accountant. Jerome painstakingly typed out the bones of a settlement. Essentially—although there was far more complex detail—the arrangement allowed Roger to be freed from his arrangement with Steve [O'Rourke], and David and me to continue working under the name Pink Floyd. In the end the court accepted Jerome's version as the final and binding document and duly stamped it.[53]

Waters was released from his contractual obligation with O'Rourke, and he retained the copyrights to the Wall concept and the inflatable Animals pig.[54] Pink Floyd released three studio albums without him: A Momentary Lapse of Reason (1987), The Division Bell (1994) and The Endless River (2014).[55] In 2005, Waters said of their almost twenty years of animosity: "I don't think any of us came out of the years from 1985 with any credit ... It was a bad, negative time, and I regret my part in that negativity."[56] In 2013, he said he regretted the lawsuit, saying:

I was wrong. Of course I was ... It's one of the few times that the legal profession has taught me something. Because when I went to these chaps and said, "Listen, we're broke, this isn't Pink Floyd anymore," they went, "What do you mean? That's irrelevant, it is a label and it has commercial value. You can't say it's going to cease to exist... you obviously don't understand English jurisprudence."[57]

（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）

1984 – 至今：獨唱生涯

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1984 – 1989：《The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking》和《Radio K.A.O.S.》

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A wall covered in graffiti with a circular movie screen and lights atop it. Several cranes are visible in the center.
1990年7月21日禾達士在德國表演《迷牆 - 柏林現場》
A concert stage in front of a wall with 2 levels. Five men stand on a balcony, including Roger Waters, who is saluting with his arm and is lit by a spotlight. On the lower level is a drum kit and a man playing guitar.
1990年7月21日《迷牆 - 柏林現場》

Following the release of The Final Cut, Waters embarked on a solo career. In 1984, he released his first solo album, The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking, a project about a man's dreams across one night that dealt with Waters' feelings about monogamy and family life versus "the call of the wild".[58] In the end the character, Reg, chooses love and matrimony over promiscuity. The album featured guitarist Eric Clapton, jazz saxophonist David Sanborn, and artwork by Gerald Scarfe.[58] Kurt Loder described The Pros And Cons of Hitch Hiking as a "strangely static, faintly hideous record".[59] Rolling Stone rated the album a "rock bottom one star."[58] Years later, Mike DeGagne of AllMusic praised the album for its, "ingenious symbolism" and "brilliant use of stream of consciousness within a subconscious realm", rating it four out of five stars.[60]

Waters began touring in support of the album, aided by Clapton, a new band, new material, and a selection of Pink Floyd favourites. Waters débuted his tour in Stockholm on 16 June 1984. Poor ticket sales plagued the tour, and some of the larger venues had to be cancelled.[61] By his own estimate, he lost £400,000 on the tour.[62] In March 1985, Waters went to North America to play smaller venues with the Pros and Cons Plus Some Old Pink Floyd Stuff—North America Tour 1985. The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking has been certified Gold by the RIAA.[63]

In 1986, Waters contributed songs and a score to the soundtrack of the animated movie When the Wind Blows, based on the Raymond Briggs book of the same name. His backing band featuring Paul Carrack was credited as The Bleeding Heart Band.[64] In 1987, Waters released Radio K.A.O.S., a concept album based on a mute man named Billy from an impoverished Welsh mining town who has the ability to physically tune into radio waves in his head. Billy first learns to communicate with a radio DJ, and eventually to control the world's computers. Angry at the state of the world in which he lives, he simulates a nuclear attack. Waters followed the release with a supporting tour also in 1987.[65]

1989 – 1999：《迷牆 - 柏林現場》和《歡愉至死》

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In November 1989, the Berlin Wall fell, and in July 1990 Waters staged one of the largest and most elaborate rock concerts in history,[66] The Wall – Live in Berlin, on the vacant terrain between Potsdamer Platz and the Brandenburg Gate. The show reported an official attendance of 200,000, though some estimates are as much as twice that, with approximately one billion television viewers.[67] Leonard Cheshire asked him to do the concert to raise funds for charity. Waters' group of musicians included Joni Mitchell, Van Morrison, Cyndi Lauper, Bryan Adams, Scorpions, and Sinéad O'Connor. Waters also used an East German symphony orchestra and choir, a Soviet marching band, and a pair of helicopters from the U.S. 7th Airborne Command and Control Squadron. Designed by Mark Fisher, the Wall was 25 metres tall and 170 metres long and was built across the set. Scarfe's inflatable puppets were recreated on an enlarged scale, and although many rock icons received invitations to the show, Gilmour, Mason, and Wright, did not.[68] Waters released a live double-album of the performance, which has been certified platinum by the RIAA.[63]

In 1990, Waters hired manager Mark Fenwick and left EMI for a worldwide deal with Columbia. He released his third studio album, Amused to Death, in 1992. The record is heavily influenced by the events of the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 and the Gulf War, and a critique of the notion of war becoming the subject of entertainment, particularly on television. The title was derived from the book Amusing Ourselves to Death by Neil Postman. Patrick Leonard, who worked on A Momentary Lapse of Reason, co-produced the album. Jeff Beck played lead guitar on many of the album's tracks, which were recorded with a cast of musicians at ten different recording studios.[69] It is Waters' most critically acclaimed solo recording, garnering comparison to his work with Pink Floyd.[70] Waters described the record as, a "stunning piece of work", ranking the album with Dark Side of the Moon and The Wall as one of the best of his career.[71] The album had one hit, the song "What God Wants, Pt. 1", which reached number 35 in the UK in September 1992 and number 5 on Billboard's Mainstream Rock Tracks chart in the US.[72] Amused to Death was certified Silver by the British Phonographic Industry.[73] Sales of Amused to Death topped out at around one million and there was no tour in support of the album. Waters would first perform material from it seven years later during his In the Flesh tour.[74] In 1996, Waters was inducted into the US and UK Rock and Roll Halls of Fame as a member of Pink Floyd.[75]

1999 – 2004：In the Flesh巡演和《迷牆》的百老匯製作

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In 1999, after a 12-year hiatus from touring and a seven-year absence from the music industry, Waters embarked on the In the Flesh tour, performing both solo and Pink Floyd material. The tour was a financial success in the US and though Waters had booked mostly smaller venues, tickets sold so well that many of the concerts were upgraded to larger ones.[76] The tour eventually stretched across the world and would span three years. A concert film was released on CD and DVD, named In the Flesh – Live. During the tour, he played two new songs "Flickering Flame" and "Each Small Candle" as the final encore to many of the shows. In June 2002, he completed the tour with a performance in front of 70,000 people at the Glastonbury Festival of Performing Arts, playing 15 Pink Floyd songs and five songs from his solo catalogue.[76]

Miramax announced in mid-2004 that a production of The Wall was to appear on Broadway with Waters playing a prominent role in the creative direction. Reports stated that the musical contained not only the original tracks from The Wall, but also songs from Dark Side of the Moon, Wish You Were Here and other Pink Floyd albums, as well as new material.[77] On the night of 1 May 2004, recorded extracts from the opera, including its overture, were played on the occasion of the Welcome Europe celebrations in the accession country of Malta. Gert Hof mixed recorded excerpts from the opera into a continuous piece of music which was played as an accompaniment to a large light and fireworks display over Grand Harbour in Valletta.[78] In July 2004, Waters released two new tracks on the Internet: "To Kill the Child", inspired by the 2003 invasion of Iraq, and "Leaving Beirut", an anti-war song "inspired by his travels in the Middle East as a teenager".[79]

2005 – 2015：現場八方重聚、《Ça Ira》和進一步的巡演

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A concert stage lit by purple lighting. Four men are performing on the stage as a crowd stands in front of it. Behind the men are video screens displaying images of vinyl records.
2005年7月2日禾達士（遠處左邊）與平克·佛洛伊德在Live 8時演出
Roger Waters, dressed in black, playing a bass guitar and speaking into a microphone. Behind him are several red vertical video panels.
2006年6月26日禾達士在他的月之暗面巡演時在斯塔萬格維京體育場演奏《In the Flesh》

In July 2005, Waters reunited with Mason, Wright, and Gilmour for their final performance together at the 2005 Live 8 concert in London's Hyde Park, Pink Floyd's only appearance with Waters since their final performance of The Wall at Earls Court London 24 years earlier.[80] They played a 23-minute set consisting of "Speak to Me/Breathe"/"Breathe (Reprise)", "Money", "Wish You Were Here", and "Comfortably Numb". Waters told the Associated Press that while the experience of playing with Pink Floyd again was positive, the chances of a bona fide reunion would be "slight" considering his and Gilmour's continuing musical and ideological differences.[81] Though Waters had differing ideas about which songs they should play, he "agreed to roll over for one night only".[82] In November 2005, Pink Floyd were inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame by Pete Townshend of the Who.[83]

In September 2005, Waters released Ça Ira (pronounced [sa iˈʁa], French for "it will be fine"; Waters added the subtitle, "There is Hope"), an opera in three acts translated from the late Étienne Roda-Gil's French libretto based on the historical subject of the French Revolution.[84] Ça Ira was released as a double CD album, featuring baritone Bryn Terfel, soprano Ying Huang and tenor Paul Groves.[85] Set during the early French Revolution, the original libretto was co-written in French by Roda-Gil and his wife Nadine Delahaye. Waters had begun rewriting the libretto in English in 1989,[86] and said about the composition: "I've always been a big fan of Beethoven's choral music, Berlioz and Borodin ... This is unashamedly romantic and resides in that early 19th-century tradition, because that's where my tastes lie in classical and choral music."[87] Waters appeared on television to discuss the opera, but the interviews often focused instead on his relationship with Pink Floyd, something Waters would "take in stride", a sign Pink Floyd biographer Mark Blake believes is "a testament to his mellower old age or twenty years of dedicated psychotherapy".[87] Ça Ira reached number 5 on the Billboard Classical Music Chart in the United States.[88]

In June 2006, Waters commenced The Dark Side of the Moon Live tour, a two-year, world-spanning effort that began in Europe in June and North America in September. The first half of the show featured both Pink Floyd songs and Waters' solo material, while the second half included a complete live performance of the 1973 Pink Floyd album The Dark Side of the Moon, the first time in over three decades that Waters had performed the album. The shows ended with an encore from the third side of The Wall. He used elaborate staging by concert lighting designer Marc Brickman complete with laser lights, fog machines, pyrotechnics, psychedelic projections, and inflatable floating puppets (Spaceman and Pig) controlled by a "handler" dressed as a butcher, and a full 360-degree quadraphonic sound system was used. Nick Mason joined Waters for The Dark Side of the Moon set and the encores on select 2006 tour dates.[89] Waters continued touring in January 2007 in Australia and New Zealand, then Asia, Europe, South America, and back to North America in June.

In March 2007, the Waters song, "Hello (I Love You)" was featured in the science fiction film The Last Mimzy. The song plays over the film's end credits. He released it as a single, on CD and via download, and described it as, "a song that captures the themes of the movie, the clash between humanity's best and worst instincts, and how a child's innocence can win the day".[90] He performed at California's Coachella Festival in April 2008 and was to be among the headlining artists performing at Live Earth 2008 in Mumbai, India in December 2008,[91] but that concert was cancelled in light of the 26 November terrorist attacks in Mumbai.[92]

Waters on stage wearing sunglasses and a black leather coat. He is holding a microphone up to his mouth.
羅渣·禾達士2011年在迷牆巡演期間在巴塞隆拿

In April 2008, Waters confirmed the possibility of an upcoming solo album which "might be called" Heartland, and has said he has numerous songs written (some already recorded) that he intends to release when they are a complete album.[93] In June 2010, Waters released a cover of "We Shall Overcome", a protest song rewritten and arranged by Guy Carawan and Pete Seeger. He performed with David Gilmour at the Hoping Foundation Benefit Evening in July 2010.[94] The four-song set included: "To Know Him Is to Love Him", which was played in early Pink Floyd sound checks, followed by "Wish You Were Here", "Comfortably Numb", and "Another Brick in the Wall (Part Two)".[95]

In September 2010, Waters commenced the Wall Live tour, an updated version of the original Pink Floyd shows, featuring a complete performance of The Wall.[96] Waters told the Associated Press that The Wall Tour will likely be his last, stating: "I'm not as young as I used to be. I'm not like B.B. King, or Muddy Waters. I'm not a great vocalist or a great instrumentalist or whatever, but I still have the fire in my belly, and I have something to say. I have a swan song in me and I think this will probably be it."[97] At The O2 Arena in London on 12 May 2011, Gilmour and Mason once again appeared with Waters and Gilmour performing "Comfortably Numb", and Gilmour and Mason joining Waters for "Outside the Wall".[98] For the first half of 2012, Waters' tour topped worldwide concert ticket sales having sold more than 1.4 million tickets globally.[99] As of 2013, The Wall Live is the highest-grossing tour of all time by a solo artist.[100] Waters performed at the Concert for Sandy Relief at Madison Square Garden on 12 December 2012.[101] On 24 July 2015, Waters headlined the Newport Folk Festival in Newport, Rhode Island. Waters was accompanied by the band My Morning Jacket and two singers from the group Lucius.[102]

2016 – 至今：《這是我們真正想要的生活嗎？》

[編輯]

On 3 May 2016, Waters was announced as one of the headline performers at the Desert Trip music festival and performed twice on 9 and 16 October 2016.[103] In October 2016, Waters announced that he would return to North America in 2017 with a new tour, "Us + Them", a mixture of his Pink Floyd and solo material.[104] The tour title is derived from the track "Us and Them," from The Dark Side of the Moon.[105][106]

On 16 February 2017, Waters announced his fourth solo album, Is This the Life We Really Want?.[107] It was released on 2 June 2017,[108][109][110] his first solo album since Amused to Death almost 25 years earlier. The album was produced by Radiohead producer Nigel Godrich; Godrich was critical of Waters' earlier solo work, and encouraged him to make a concise album showcasing his lyrics.[111][112]

2018年1月24日禾達士現場演出
  • 沃斯特在他的音樂會上使用的獲得專利的飛行小豬。
    沃斯特在他的音樂會上使用的獲得專利的飛行小豬。
  • 1990年《迷牆 - 柏林現場》使用的木偶校長
    1990年《迷牆 - 柏林現場》使用的木偶校長
  • 為具有激光效果的音樂會創作的《月之暗面》，2007年
    為具有激光效果的音樂會創作的《月之暗面》，2007年
  • 我們+他們巡演（英語：Us + Them Tour）時演奏曲目《時光（英語：Time (Pink Floyd song)）》
    我們+他們巡演（英語：Us + Them Tour）時演奏曲目《時光（英語：Time (Pink Floyd song)）》
  • 禾達士現場樂隊在2010年在堪薩斯演出。
    禾達士現場樂隊在2010年在堪薩斯演出。
  • 2010年迷牆現場
    2010年迷牆現場
  • 2006年《月之暗面》巡演
    2006年《月之暗面》巡演
  • 2012年迷牆巡演
    2012年迷牆巡演
  • 在專輯《動物》中禾達士發明了飛天豬
    在專輯《動物》中禾達士發明了飛天豬
  • 飛天豬（芬蘭演出）
    飛天豬（芬蘭演出）

個人生活

[編輯]

1969年，禾達士與陶藝家兼童年情人朱迪思·特里姆（英語：Judith Trim）結婚，；特里姆曾在原始版的專輯《Ummagumma（英語：Ummagumma）》插頁上出現，但在隨後補發的CD中被刪除。[113]他們沒有孩子並且在1975年離婚。[114]特里姆在2001年去世。[115]

1976年，禾達士與第三屆澤特蘭侯爵的侄女卡洛麗娜·克里斯蒂結婚。[114]他與克里斯蒂生下了一個兒子哈里·禾達士，是一個音樂家，他從2002年起就和父親的巡迴樂隊一起彈奏琴鍵，還有一個作為模特兒女兒的印第安·禾達士。[116]克里斯蒂和禾達士於1992年離婚。[114]

1993年，禾達士與普里西拉·菲臘斯結婚；他們有一個兒子積·弗萊徹。他們的婚姻在2001年結束。[117] 2004年，禾達士和女演員兼電影製片人勞瑞·德寧（生於1963年[118]）; 兩人於2012年1月14日結婚[119]並於2015年9月提出離婚。[120]

禾達士是無神論者。[121][122]

政治立場

[編輯]

行動主義

[編輯]

在2004年印度洋地震和隨後的海嘯災難之後，禾達士在美國NBC網絡的一場音樂會上與艾瑞克·克萊普頓一起表演了《願你在此》 。[123]他直言不諱地反對英國2004年的《狩獵法案》，並為鄉村聯盟（英語：Countryside Alliance）舉辦了一場音樂會並參加了遊行。禾達士解釋說，無論他是否支持狩獵，重要的是保護它作為一種權利。他很快就離開了英國。[79]他在2005年10月澄清說，他並沒有放棄抗議該國狩獵立法，而是出於家庭原因，他經常返回英國。[124]

在離開英國後，他和他未婚妻勞瑞·德寧搬到紐約的長島。[125]在2007年6月，禾達士成為一個幫助消除極端貧困和瘧疾的非營利組織千年承諾（英語：Millennium Promise）的發言人。

俄羅斯、烏克蘭和中國

[編輯]

在2022年俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭前一周，禾達士在接受《今日俄羅斯》採訪時表示，關於入侵的言論是「胡說八道」，媒體是在宣傳妖魔化俄羅斯。[126]在他的This Is Not a Drill巡迴演出中，喬·拜登總統被列為戰犯。禾達士指責拜登對烏克蘭的戰爭火上澆油，並問為什麼美國不鼓勵烏克蘭「進行談判，避免引起這場可怕、可畏的戰爭。」他認為烏克蘭戰爭爆發的原因是北約東擴。[127]

2022年8月，當西方媒體譴責中國包圍台灣時，禾達士說：「他們沒有包圍台灣！台灣是中國的一部分。1948年以來整個國際社會就完全接受這點，如果你連那都不知道，就是書讀得不夠多，去翻點書吧。」禾達士的言論在社交媒體上引發爭議。[128][129]

禾達士還曾為中國人權辯護，表示中國不像美國一樣入侵外國，而且他否認中國當局會迫害自己國家的人。禾達士說：中國在二戰後從來沒有對外侵略過任何國家，而美國卻不斷對外戰爭，於是被記者打斷他的說話[127]。

已隱藏部分未翻譯內容，歡迎參與翻譯。
In this scene, Waters punches the wall, while the projections simulate the wall crumbling as a result, revealing a bright sunset behind
2010年10月30日禾達士在堪薩斯城迷牆巡演期間表演《Comfortably Numb》

After leaving Britain, he moved to Long Island in New York with his fiancé Laurie Durning. In June 2007, Waters became a spokesman for Millennium Promise, a non-profit organisation that helps fight extreme poverty and malaria. He wrote an opinion piece for CNN in support of the topic.[130] In July, he participated in the American leg of the Live Earth concert, an international multi-venue concert aimed at raising awareness about global climate change, featuring the Trenton Youth Choir and his trademarked inflatable pig. Waters told David Fricke why he thinks The Wall is still relevant today:

The loss of a father is the central prop on which [The Wall] stands. As the years go by, children lose their fathers again and again, for nothing. You see it now with all these fathers, good men and true, who lost their lives and limbs in Iraq for no reason at all. I've done "Bring The Boys Back Home" in my encore on recent tours. It feels more relevant and poignant to be singing that song now than it did in 1979.[131]

In 2012, Waters led a benefit for United States military veterans called Stand Up for Heroes. He invited a music group of combat wounded veterans called MusiCorps to perform with him.[132] In June 2013, Waters and numerous other celebrities appeared in a video showing support for Chelsea Manning.[133]

In June 2009 he spoke against the Israeli West Bank barrier[134] and later that year, pledged his support to the Gaza Freedom March. In 2011 he announced that he had joined the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement against Israel.[135] He has said he is disillusioned with UK foreign policy towards Israel.[136] In October 2016 Waters lost four million dollars in sponsorship after American Express refused to fund his North America tour due to his anti-Israel rhetoric at a previous festival sponsored by the financial company.[137]

In November 2016 Citibank joined American Express in cutting ties to Waters. "Citi is not a sponsor of Roger Waters' upcoming tour," a Citibank official said, noting that the company had "offered a limited time pre-sale of tickets for cardmembers for select shows. ... The pre-sale has ended and we have no plans to work with [Waters] in the future."[138]

The Anti-Defamation League's National Director Abraham H. Foxman has accused him of anti-Semitism[139][140] as has Rabbi Abraham Cooper, associate dean of the Simon Wiesenthal Center.[141][142] Waters stated that Cooper's accusation was bigoted.[143] On 2 October 2015, Waters published an open letter in Salon criticising the band Bon Jovi for performing in Tel Aviv,[144] which led Howard Stern to criticise Waters on his radio show.[145] In June 2017 an organization known as We Don't Need No Roger Waters started to boycott Waters for his support of the BDS.[146]

儀器設備

[編輯]

Waters' primary instrument in Pink Floyd was the electric bass guitar. He briefly played a Höfner bass but replaced it with a Rickenbacker RM-1999/4001S, until 1970 when it was stolen along with the rest of the band's equipment in New Orleans.[22] He began using Fender Precision Basses in 1968, originally alongside the Rickenbacker 4001, and then exclusively after the Rickenbacker was lost in 1970. First seen at a concert in Hyde Park, London in July 1970, the black P-Bass was rarely used until April 1972 when it became his main stage guitar and as of 2 October 2010, the basis for a Fender Artist Signature model.[147] Waters endorses RotoSound Jazz Bass 77 flat-wound strings.[148] Throughout his career he has used Selmer, WEM, Hiwatt and Ashdown amplifiers but has used Ampeg for the last few tours, also employing delay, tremolo, chorus, stereo panning and phaser effects in his bass playing.[149]

Waters experimented with the EMS Synthi A and VCS 3 synthesisers on Pink Floyd pieces such as "On the Run",[150] "Welcome to the Machine",[151] and "In the Flesh?"[152] He played electric and acoustic guitar on Pink Floyd tracks using Fender, Martin, Ovation and Washburn guitars.[149] He played electric guitar on the Pink Floyd song "Sheep", from Animals,[153] and acoustic guitar on several Pink Floyd recordings, such as "Pigs on the Wing 1 & 2", also from Animals,[154] "Southampton Dock" from The Final Cut,[155] and on "Mother" from The Wall.[156] A Binson Echorec 2 echo effect was used on his bass-guitar lead track "One of These Days".[157] Waters plays trumpet during concert performances of "Outside the Wall".[158]

According to vintagevinylnews.com, Waters had the 9th widest vocal range on a list of over 150 singers.[159]

音樂作品列表

[編輯]
主條目：羅渣·禾達士音樂作品列表
參見：平克·佛洛伊德音樂作品列表

引文

[編輯]
  1. ^ Roger Waters. Desert Island Discs. 29 May 2011 [18 January 2014]. BBC Radio 4. （原始內容存檔於2014-02-20）. 
  2. ^ Thompson 2013，第7頁.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Blake 2008，第13頁.
  4. ^ 第36253號憲報. 倫敦憲報 (Supplement). 1943年11月16日. 
  5. ^ Blake 2008，第13–14頁
  6. ^ WATERS, ERIC FLETCHER. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. [2013年3月1日]. （原始內容存檔於2020年6月22日）. 
  7. ^ Wanted in Rome. 2014年1月18日. （原始內容存檔於2017年1月18日）. 
  8. ^ Manning 2006，第5–6頁.
  9. ^ Desert Island Discs, Roger Waters. BBC Radio 4. 2011年5月29日 [2011年5月29日]. （原始內容存檔於2021年3月13日）. 
  10. ^ Watkinson & Anderson 1991，第15–18頁.
  11. ^ Mason 2005，第12–13頁.
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 Povey 2008，第13頁.
  13. ^ Watkinson & Anderson 1991，第23頁.
  14. ^ Blake 2008，第14–19頁.
  15. ^ Povey 2008，第320頁.
  16. ^ Blake 2008，第36頁.
  17. ^ Blake 2008，第40頁：（第二手來源）； Mason 2005，第20頁：（第一手來源）
  18. ^ Manning 2006，第13頁：（第二手來源）； Mason 2005，第17頁（第一手來源）
  19. ^ Mason 2005，第17–18頁.
  20. ^ Mason 2005，第13–18頁.
  21. ^ Mason 2005，第18頁: (primary source); Povey 2008，第14頁: (secondary source).
  22. ^ 22.0 22.1 Povey 2008，第14頁.
  23. ^ Povey 2008，第18, 28頁.
  24. ^ Mason 2005，第30–37頁：（第一手來源）； Povey 2008，第32頁：（第二手來源）。
  25. ^ Mason 2005，第87頁.
  26. ^ 26.0 26.1 Mason 2005，第87–107頁.
  27. ^ Blake 2008，第91頁.
  28. ^ Blake 2008，第90–114頁.
  29. ^ Mason 2005，第129頁.
  30. ^ Mason 2005，第105頁.
  31. ^ Mason 2005，第106頁.
  32. ^ Mason 2005，第106–107, 160–161, 265, 278頁.
  33. ^ Blake 2008，第3, 9, 113, 156, 242, 279, 320, 398頁.
  34. ^ Titus, Christa; Waddell, Ray. Floyd's 'Dark Side' Celebrates Chart Milestone. Billboard. 2005 [24 October 2011]. （原始內容存檔於2013-03-30）. 
  35. ^ Povey 2008，第345頁.
  36. ^ Mason 2005，第265–269頁.
  37. ^ Blake 2008，第294頁.
  38. ^ Blake 2008，第294–295, 351頁.
  39. ^ Blake 2008，第275頁.
  40. ^ Blake 2008，第260頁.
  41. ^ RIAA GOLD & PLATINUM Top 100 Albums. Recording Industry Association of America. [17 October 2010]. （原始內容存檔於17 January 2010）. 
  42. ^ Blake 2008，第260–261頁.
  43. ^ Povey & Russell 1997，第185頁.
  44. ^ Povey 2008，第230頁.
  45. ^ Blake 2008，第294–299頁.
  46. ^ Blake 2008，第295頁.
  47. ^ Mason 2005，第264–270頁.
  48. ^ Blake 2008，第300頁: "art rock's crowning masterpiece"; Schaffner 1991，第262頁: "a superlative achievement".
  49. ^ Loder, Kurt. Pink Floyd: The Final Cut (Toshiba). Rolling Stone. 14 April 1983 [6 May 2012]. （原始內容存檔於2008-06-22）. 
  50. ^ 50.0 50.1 Povey 2008，第240–241頁.
  51. ^ Povey 2008，第221, 237, 240–241, 246頁.
  52. ^ Blake 2008，第312–313頁.
  53. ^ Mason 2005，第293–294頁.
  54. ^ Manning 2006，第139頁.
  55. ^ Roger Waters Reminds Fans: 'I Am Not Part of Pink Floyd'. Rolling Stone. [2018-04-01]. （原始內容存檔於2018-04-01）. 
  56. ^ Blake 2008，第395頁.
  57. ^ Pink Floyd star Roger Waters regrets suing band. BBC News. 19 September 2013 [10 March 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2017-01-04）. 
  58. ^ 58.0 58.1 58.2 Schaffner 1991，第272–273頁.
  59. ^ Blake 2008，第305–306頁.
  60. ^ DeGagne, Mike. The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking. AllMusic. [17 October 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2010-10-16）. 
  61. ^ Blake 2008，第332–333頁.
  62. ^ Blake 2008，第309頁.
  63. ^ 63.0 63.1 RIAA Certifications. Recording Industry Association of America. [17 November 2010]. （原始內容存檔於24 July 2013）. 
  64. ^ Fitch 2005，第36頁.
  65. ^ Manning 2006，第131頁.
  66. ^ Povey & Russell 1997，第246–247頁.
  67. ^ Blake 2008，第346頁.
  68. ^ Blake 2008，第342–347頁.
  69. ^ Blake 2008，第348–349頁.
  70. ^ Blake 2008，第347–352頁.
  71. ^ Manning 2006，第141, 252頁.
  72. ^ Roger Waters: Billboard Singles. AllMusic. [20 November 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2010-11-23）. 
  73. ^ BPI Certifications. British Phonographic Industry. [2 October 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2013-02-06）. 
  74. ^ Povey 2008，第323–324頁.
  75. ^ Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Pink Floyd. Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. [2 October 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2018-07-12）. 
  76. ^ 76.0 76.1 Povey 2008，第329–334頁.
  77. ^ Pink Floyd's Wall Broadway bound. BBC News. 5 August 2004 [2 October 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-24）. 
  78. ^ Povey 2008，第334頁.
  79. ^ 79.0 79.1 Blake 2008，第391頁.
  80. ^ Povey 2008，第237, 266–267頁.
  81. ^ Schaffner 1991，第308頁.
  82. ^ Blake 2008，第382–383頁.
  83. ^ Blake 2008，第386頁
  84. ^ Tsioulcas, Anastasia. Waters' New Concept. Billboard. 27 August 2005: 45 [6 May 2012]. 
  85. ^ Povey 2008，第324–325頁.
  86. ^ Manning 2006，第256頁.
  87. ^ 87.0 87.1 Blake 2008，第392頁.
  88. ^ Roger Waters: Ça Ira. Billboard. [17 February 2013]. （原始內容存檔於2014-07-02）. 
  89. ^ Povey 2008，第319, 334–338頁.
  90. ^ Reminder – Pink Floyd Rock Icon Roger Waters Records "Hello (I Love You)", an Original Song for New Line Cinema's "The Last Mimzy". Marketwire. January 2007 [29 June 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-04）. 
  91. ^ Pink Floyd's Roger Waters to join Bon Jovi at Live Earth India. NME. 21 November 2008 [2 October 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-03）. 
  92. ^ Michaels, Sean. Live Earth India cancelled after Mumbai attacks. The Guardian (London). 1 December 2008 [18 October 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-08）. 
  93. ^ Brown, Mark. Read the complete Roger Waters interview. Rocky Mountain News. 25 April 2008 [17 October 2010]. （原始內容存檔於29 April 2010）. 
  94. ^ Youngs, Ian. Pink Floyd may get back together for charity. BBC News. 15 October 2010 [19 October 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-13）. 
  95. ^ Kreps, David. Pink Floyd's Gilmour and Waters Stun Crowd With Surprise Reunion. Rolling Stone. 12 July 2010 [30 May 2011]. （原始內容存檔於2018-06-12）. 
  96. ^ Jones, Rebecca. Pink Floyd's Roger Waters revisits The Wall. BBC News. 27 May 2010 [19 October 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-10）. 
  97. ^ Butler, Will. Roger Waters Revisits 'The Wall' For Final Anniversary Tour. NPR. 12 April 2010 [26 November 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2015-04-30）. 
  98. ^ Pink Floyd bandmates reunite at Roger Waters concert. viagogo. 16 May 2011 [16 May 2011]. （原始內容存檔於20 October 2013）. 
  99. ^ "Roger Waters tops worldwide ticket sales for 2012" （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. BBC News. Retrieved 14 July 2012
  100. ^ Allen, Bob. Roger Waters Passes Madonna for Solo Boxscore Record with $459M Wall Live Tour. Billboard.biz. 4 October 2013 [5 October 2013]. （原始內容存檔於2017-03-16）. 
  101. ^ 12 Unforgettable Photos from the Epic 12–12–12 Sandy Benefit Concert. Time. 13 December 2012 [15 December 2012]. （原始內容存檔於2014-08-14）. 
  102. ^ Kreps, Daniel. Watch Roger Waters Perform With My Morning Jacket at Newport Folk Fest. Rolling Stone. 25 July 2015 [27 July 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2018-06-12）. 
  103. ^ Grow, Kory. Stones, McCartney, Dylan, the Who, Waters, Young Confirm Mega-Fest. Rolling Stone. 3 May 2016 [4 May 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2018-01-11）. 
  104. ^ Roger Waters – Us + Them. roger-waters.com. October 2016 [24 October 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2017-04-26）. 
  105. ^ Hilton, Robin, Roger Waters Announces 'Us And Them' Live Tour, npr.org, 13 October 2016 [23 October 2016], （原始內容存檔於2020-11-24） 
  106. ^ Cohen, Sandy, Roger Waters announces 2017 North American 'Us + Them' tour, washingtonpost.com, 13 October 2016 [23 October 2016], （原始內容存檔於2016-10-24） 
  107. ^ Roger Waters – The new album from Roger Waters, "Is This... | Facebook. www.facebook.com. [16 February 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-12） （英語）. 
  108. ^ Grow, Kory. Hear Roger Waters Tease New 'Is This the Life We Really Want?' LP. Rolling Stone. 16 February 2017 [22 March 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2017-03-17）. 
  109. ^ Gil Kaufman. Roger Waters Posts New Tease of First Solo Rock Album in 25 Years, 'Is This the Life We Really Want?'. Billboard.com. billboard.com. [22 March 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-13）. 
  110. ^ Wicks, Amanda. Roger Waters Previews New Album 'Is This The Life We Really Want?'. Radio.com. 3 March 2017 [22 March 2017]. （原始內容存檔於23 March 2017）. 
  111. ^ How Pink Floyd's Roger Waters refound his fire at 72 - The Nation. The Nation. [2018-04-25]. （原始內容存檔於2018-04-26） （英語）. 
  112. ^ Roger Waters Talks New Album, Moving Past 'Spectacle' for Tour. Rolling Stone. [2018-04-25]. （原始內容存檔於2018-04-26）. 
  113. ^ Mabbett 2010，第50頁.
  114. ^ 114.0 114.1 114.2 Fitch 2005，第335頁.
  115. ^ Blake 2008，第376頁.
  116. ^ Blake 2008，第258頁：India Waters； Povey 2008，第335–339頁：哈里自2006以來一直和禾達士合作。
  117. ^ Blake 2008，第348頁； Thompson 2013，第109頁：Jack Fletcher。
  118. ^ Marsh, Julia. Roger Waters’ estranged wife just wants her Rolex back. Page Six. 2015年12月8日 [2016年3月14日]. （原始內容存檔於2020年11月8日）. 
  119. ^ Pink Floyd's Roger Waters marries for a fourth time. NME. 2013年1月21日 [2013年9月6日]. （原始內容存檔於2016年3月4日）. 
  120. ^ Pink Floyd's Roger Waters Files for Divorce from Wife Laurie Durning. Closer Weekly. 2015年9月28日 [2015年10月8日]. （原始內容存檔於2015年10月2日）. 
  121. ^ Roger Waters - Freedom From Religion Foundation. [2018-06-06]. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-13）. 
  122. ^ Roger Waters Weighs In On Politics, Religion, & Money | On The Table Ep. 5 Full | Reserve Channel. [2018-06-06]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-10）. 
  123. ^ Stars lend a hand for tsunami relief. MSNBC. [2010年10月2日]. （原始內容存檔於2016年3月5日）. 
  124. ^ Roger Waters: French Revolution. 獨立報. 2005年10月4日 [2014年5月29日]. （原始內容存檔於2010年10月5日）. 
  125. ^ Blake 2008，第391–392頁.
  126. ^ ‘This is a crazy, unjust attack’: Pink Floyd re-form to support Ukraine. The Guardian. April 4, 2022 [2022-08-08]. （原始內容存檔於2022-04-07）. 
  127. ^ 127.0 127.1 “台湾是中国一部分” 摇滚前辈语出惊人. 
  128. ^ 大咖歌手喊「台灣是中國的一部分」 嗆CNN主播：不懂就去讀書 | ETtoday國際新聞. ETtoday新聞雲. 
  129. ^ Rahman, Khaleda. Roger Waters slammed as Pink Floyd founder speaks out on Taiwan and Russia. Newsweek. 2022年8月7日 [2022年8月8日]. （原始內容存檔於2022年8月8日）. 
  130. ^ Waters, Roger. Waters: Something can be done about extreme poverty. CNN. 11 June 2007 [18 October 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-24）. 
  131. ^ Fricke 2009，第74頁.
  132. ^ Carucci, John. Roger Waters & Veterans Perform Together At Stand Up for Heroes Benefit. Huffington Post. 9 November 2012 [19 May 2013]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-07）. 
  133. ^ Gavin, Patrick. Celeb video: 'I am Bradley Manning'. Politico. 19 June 2013 [2018-06-06]. （原始內容存檔於2014-01-10）. 
  134. ^ Thil, Scott. Roger Waters to Israel: Tear Down the Wall. Wired News. 2 June 2009 [14 October 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2014-03-27）. 
  135. ^ For Waters' support of the BDS movement see: Roger Waters voices support for Israel boycott. Haaretz. 6 March 2011 [6 March 2011]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-04）. ; For Waters' support of the Gaza Freedom March see: Goodman, Amy. EXCLUSIVE...Pink Floyd's Roger Waters Speaks Out in Support of Gaza Freedom March, Blasts Israeli-Egyptian "Siege" of Gaza. Democracy Now!. 30 December 2009 [3 March 2012]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-19）. 
  136. ^ Cronin, David. Boycotting Israel is the "way to go," says Pink Floyd legend Roger Waters. ElectronicIntifada. 18 March 2013 [19 March 2013]. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-17）. 
  137. ^ Roger Waters Loses $4 Million Sponsorship Over 'anti-Israel Rhetoric'. Haaretz. 30 October 2016 [2018-06-06]. （原始內容存檔於2017-08-13）. 
  138. ^ Wish You Weren’t Here: Citibank Joins American Express in Cutting Ties to Roger Waters. The Tower. [2018-06-06]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-26）. 
  139. ^ ADL sadly concludes that Roger Waters is an anti-Semite. The Times of Israel. [31 October 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-14）. 
  140. ^ ADL Open Letter to Roger Waters. ADL. 22 August 2013 [18 October 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-26）. 
  141. ^ Wiesenthal Center: By Floating a Pig Balloon Stamped With Star of David at His Concert, Roger Waters Has Moved to the Front of the Line of Anti-Semites. The Simon Wiesenthal Center. 24 July 2013 [2018-06-06]. （原始內容存檔於2013-08-06）. 
  142. ^ Pig Balloon at Roger Waters Concert Features Star of David; Wiesenthal Center Calls Him ‘Open Hater of Jews’ (VIDEO). Algemeiner.com. [31 October 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2015-10-19）. 
  143. ^ Thorpe, Vanessa; York, Edward Helmore in New. Former Pink Floyd frontman sparks fury by comparing Israelis to Nazis. the Guardian. [31 October 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2020-12-04）. 
  144. ^ Waters, Roger. Roger Waters to Jon Bon Jovi: "You stand shoulder to shoulder with the settler who burned the baby". [31 October 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-14）. 
  145. ^ Silman, Anna. "What is it you want, f**khead?": Howard Stern rants over Roger Waters’ letter to Bon Jovi on Salon. [31 October 2015]. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-08）. 
  146. ^ Spiro, Amy. The battle against BDS proponent Roger Waters. Jerusalem Post. 12 June 2017 [2018-06-06]. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-13）. 
  147. ^ Roger Waters Precision Bass. Fender Musical Instruments Corporation. [9 October 2010]. （原始內容存檔於12 January 2013）. 
  148. ^ Rotosound Endorsees. Rotosound. [23 November 2010]. （原始內容存檔於5 February 2011）. 
  149. ^ 149.0 149.1 Fitch 2005，第416–430, 441–445頁.
  150. ^ Mason 2005，第169頁.
  151. ^ Fitch 2005，第324頁.
  152. ^ Fitch & Mahon 2006，第71頁.
  153. ^ Fitch 2005，第285頁.
  154. ^ Fitch 2005，第241–242頁.
  155. ^ Fitch 2005，第295頁.
  156. ^ Fitch 2005，第213頁.
  157. ^ Mabbett 1995，第39頁.
  158. ^ Fitch 2005，第232頁.
  159. ^ Colin Joyce. Mike Patton Actually Has the Biggest Vocal Range in Pop Music. SPIN. 27 May 2014 [14 March 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-09）. 

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取自 "https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=罗杰·沃特斯&oldid=82868665"