莫尔顿波

莫尔顿波是大尺度的太阳日冕激波在色球上的记号，有如在太阳上发生的一种海啸^[1]，它们是由太阳闪焰生成的。它们的名称来自美国天文学家盖亚·莫尔顿，他在加利福尼亚州伯班克的洛克希德太阳天文台工作时，在1959年注意到这种现象^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]，在间时摄影中发现色球中有巴耳末α跃迁的亮光。

几十年来有一些后续的研究，然后在1995年发射的太阳和太阳风层探测器 (SOHO) 观测到日冕上的波动造成莫尔顿波，使莫尔顿波再度成为研究的主题。(SOHO的远紫外线影像望远镜仪器发现另一种不一样的波，称为'EIT波') ^[6]。真实的莫尔顿波 ( aka快速模式的磁流体动力学波也被日地关系天文台的两艘太空船证实。他们在2009年2月观察到伴随着日冕物质抛射，速度为每秒250公里，高达100,000公里的热磁性等离子^[7]^[8]。

莫尔顿波传播的速度在每秒500-1500公里，并依据与电波II型爆发相关的著名Yutaka Uchida理论，和色球产生交互作用发生冠状磁流体动力学的快速模式弱冲激波。莫尔顿波主要是以Hα波段来观测^[9]。

参考资料

^ Phillips, Tony. Monster Waves on the Sun are Real. NASA. November 24, 2009 [16 July 2010]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-05）.
^ Moreton, G. E. Hα Observations of Flare-Initiated Disturbances with Velocities ~1000 km/sec.. The Astronomical Journal. 00/1960, 65: 494. Bibcode:1960AJ.....65U.494M. doi:10.1086/108346. 请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助)
^ Moreton, G. E.; Ramsey, H. E. Recent Observations of Dynamical Phenomena Associated with Solar Flares. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 1960-10, 72: 357 [2022-04-12]. Bibcode:1960PASP...72..357M. ISSN 0004-6280. doi:10.1086/127549. （原始内容存档于2019-08-09）（英语）.
^ Athay, R. Grant; Moreton, G. E. Impulsive Phenomena of the Solar Atmosphere. I. Some Optical Events Associated with Flares Showing Explosive Phase.. The Astrophysical Journal. 1961-05, 133: 935 [2022-04-12]. Bibcode:1961ApJ...133..935A. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/147098. （原始内容存档于2019-08-09）（英语）.
^ Biographical info on Gail E. Moreton. Google Answers. [2022-04-12]. （原始内容存档于2014-10-06）.
^ Moreton waves and coronal waves. The Astrophysical Journal. 2002, 572: L99–L102 [2011-04-22]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-31）.
^ Atkins, William. STEREO spacecraft finds gigantic tsunami on Sun. iTWire. 26 November 2009 [16 July 2010]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-20）.
^ JPL/NASA. Mystery of the Solar Tsunami -- Solved. PhysOrg.com. November 19, 2009 [16 July 2010]. （原始内容存档于2011-11-20）.
^ Narukage, Noriyuki; Eto, Shigeru; Kadota, Miwako; Kitai, Reizaburo; Kurokawa, Hiroki; Shibata, Kazunari. Moreton waves observed at Hida Observatory. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. 2004-06, 2004 (IAUS223): 367–370. ISSN 1743-9213. doi:10.1017/S1743921304006143 （英语）.

[tphill09-1] Phillips, Tony. Monster Waves on the Sun are Real. NASA. November 24, 2009 [16 July 2010]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-05）.

[2] Moreton, G. E. Hα Observations of Flare-Initiated Disturbances with Velocities ~1000 km/sec.. The Astronomical Journal. 00/1960, 65: 494. Bibcode:1960AJ.....65U.494M. doi:10.1086/108346. 请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助)

[3] Moreton, G. E.; Ramsey, H. E. Recent Observations of Dynamical Phenomena Associated with Solar Flares. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 1960-10, 72: 357 [2022-04-12]. Bibcode:1960PASP...72..357M. ISSN 0004-6280. doi:10.1086/127549. （原始内容存档于2019-08-09）（英语）.

[4] Athay, R. Grant; Moreton, G. E. Impulsive Phenomena of the Solar Atmosphere. I. Some Optical Events Associated with Flares Showing Explosive Phase.. The Astrophysical Journal. 1961-05, 133: 935 [2022-04-12]. Bibcode:1961ApJ...133..935A. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/147098. （原始内容存档于2019-08-09）（英语）.

[5] Biographical info on Gail E. Moreton. Google Answers. [2022-04-12]. （原始内容存档于2014-10-06）.

[6] Moreton waves and coronal waves. The Astrophysical Journal. 2002, 572: L99–L102 [2011-04-22]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-31）.

[7] Atkins, William. STEREO spacecraft finds gigantic tsunami on Sun. iTWire. 26 November 2009 [16 July 2010]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-20）.

[pho111909-8] JPL/NASA. Mystery of the Solar Tsunami -- Solved. PhysOrg.com. November 19, 2009 [16 July 2010]. （原始内容存档于2011-11-20）.

[Narukage,_et_al.-9] Narukage, Noriyuki; Eto, Shigeru; Kadota, Miwako; Kitai, Reizaburo; Kurokawa, Hiroki; Shibata, Kazunari. Moreton waves observed at Hida Observatory. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. 2004-06, 2004 (IAUS223): 367–370. ISSN 1743-9213. doi:10.1017/S1743921304006143 （英语）.

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